This article is about the specific polity Kingdom of Hungary and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
The principality of Hungary was succeeded by the Christian Kingdom of Hungary with the coronation of St Stephen I at Esztergom on Christmas Day 1000. The Kingdom existed as separate entity, interrupted by short periods of Personal Union with other realms, until the Battle of Mohács in 1526. After that the Habsburg held the Hungarian throne but practically controlled only northern Hungary, whereas the remnant was slowly conquered from the Ottomans in the following centuries. The Kingdom resurfaced with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I, its final demise happening with the conquest by the Red Army in the final phase of World War II.
Summary
Under Stephen's reign, Hungary became a unified state with a centralized monarchy. After the reign of Stephen I, the Kingdom of Hungary expanded and became a multinational, multilingual state over the following centuries. Many foreign colonists were invited to settle in Hungary, and some groups like the Germans in Transylvania retained their own cultures and languages. The country also faced numerous challenges, including Mongol invasions in the 13th century that devastated much of the population.
In the late Middle Ages and early modern period, Hungary became a battleground between the expanding Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy. The country was partitioned, with the central region under direct Ottoman control, the western and northern parts incorporated into the Habsburg domains, and Transylvania governed by semi-independent Hungarian princes under Turkish suzerainty. This three-way division lasted for almost 150 years.
During the 19th century, a Hungarian national revival movement emerged, led by figures like Count István Széchenyi and Lajos Kossuth. They advocated for economic, social, and political reforms, as well as greater autonomy or even outright independence from the Habsburg Monarchy. This eventually culminated in the 1848 Hungarian Revolution, which was brutally suppressed by the Habsburgs with the help of Russian forces.
After the defeat of the 1848 Revolution, Hungary was brought more firmly under Austrian control. However, the political turmoil of the late 19th and early 20th centuries eventually led to the Compromise of 1867, which established the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy. This allowed Hungary a significant degree of autonomy, though tensions between the two halves of the empire persisted.
The Dual Monarchy collapsed after World War I, leading to the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Hungary under the regency of Admiral Miklós Horthy. Horthy's regime was initially reactionary and repressive, but it lasted until the end of World War II, when the country came under Soviet domination and the communist era began.
Establishment
December 1000: The principality of Hungary was succeeded by the Christian Kingdom of Hungary with the coronation of St Stephen I at Esztergom on Christmas Day 1000.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the revolt of Ajtony in modern-day Banat against the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1031: King Stephen I of Hungary sent Csanád, Ajtony's former commander-in-chief, against him at the head of a large army. Csanád defeated and killed Ajtony, occupying his realm.
Were a series conflicts and naval campaigns waged for control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea between the Republic of Venice and the Principality of Croatia (later the Kingdom of Croatia, as well as the Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary).
2.1.Eigth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1106: In 1105 the Hungarians launched a war against the Venetians and retook the northeastern Adriatic coast.
January 1119: Venetian Doge Ordelaffo Falier managed to reconquer a large part of the disputed areas of Dalmatia, including Zara and many other cities, proclaiming himself Doge of Venice of Dalmatia and Croatia.
January 1119: A new peace treaty was concluded, according to which Zadar remained Venetian, while Zaravecchia, Šibenik, Trogir and Spalato remained in the Kingdom of Croatia-Hungary.
2.2.Ninth Croatian-Venetian War
In 1124, while the Doge was engaged against the Byzantine Empire (now hostile to Venice), Stephen II recovered Split and Trogir without resistance.
January 1125: In 1124, while the Doge was engaged against the Byzantine Empire (now hostile to Venice), Stephen II of Hungary recovered Split and Trogir without resistance.
January 1127: The Venetians attacked and retook Šibenik, Spalato and Trogir, while the fortress of Zaravecchia was razed to the ground.
2.3.Tenth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1203: In 1202 the Venetians, with the help of Crusaders, reconquered and sacked Zadar.
2.4.Eleventh Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1358: In the summer of 1356 the king of Hungary launched a great military campaign and attacked all Venetian territories. Furthermore, he allied himself with the Duke of Austria, with the counts of Gorizia, with the Patriarch of Aquileia and the Paduan lord Francesco da Carrara. Within a year and a half, Hungarian armies entered Zadar, Split, Trogir, Šibenik and other Croatian coastal cities.
February 1358: In the Treaty of Zara, which was signed on February 18, 1358 in the monastery of San Francesco, the Republic of Venice renounced all the cities and islands of Dalmatia between the Gulf of Kvarner and the city of Durres (in today's Albania) in favor of the king of Hungary.
2.5.Fourteenth Croatian-Venetian War
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia (at the time in Persona Union with Hungary) for the control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
January 1421: Pietro Loredan sailed with fifteen galleys towards Dalmatia and retook Traù, Cattaro, Curzola, Spalato, Scutari.
Was a war fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary between 1127 and 1129.
January 1129: Roman Emperor John II marched against Hungary in 1128, where he defeated the royal troops in a battle at Haram, and "captured Frangochorion, the richest land in Hungary".
January 1129: Emperor John II marched against Hungary in 1128, where he defeated the royal troops in a battle at Haram, and "captured Frangochorion, the richest land in Hungary".
November 1129: Emperor John II Komnenos was forced to retreat from Hungary and sue for peace. The treaty was signed in October 1129. The Byzantines were confirmed in their control of Braničevo, Belgrade, and Zemun and they also recovered the region of Syrmia (called Frangochorion in Choniates).
Following the death of Mstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states of the Kievan Rus' were de facto independent.
January 1133: Territorial change based on available maps.
Were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.
5.1.Expansion of the Second Bulgarian Empire
Were a series of conquests by the Second Bulgarian Empire after it became independent from the Byzantine Empire.
January 1196: Belgrade conquered by Second Bulgarian Empire.
Was the invasion of northern Germany by king Canute VI of Denmark caused by disagreement with Adolf III, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, over the possession of the island of Rügen.
January 1202: The Serbians annexed Belgrade, Braničevo, and Niš.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291.
7.1.Fourth Crusade
Was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. However, the Western Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204 and partitioned the Byzantine Empire.
November 1202: The Siege of Zara was the first major action of the Fourth Crusade and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders. The crusaders had an agreement with Venice for transport across the sea, but the price far exceeded what they were able to pay. Venice set the condition that the crusaders help them capture Zara. Zara fell on 24 November.
7.2.Bosnian Crusade
Was a Hungarian war of conquest against the Banate of Bosnia sanctioned as a crusade.
January 1236: In 1236, the Banate of Bosnia was targeted in a Hungarian war of conquest sanctioned as a crusade. This conflict involved King Bela IV of Hungary and Ban Matej Ninoslav of Bosnia, with the goal of expanding Hungarian territory and influence in the region.
February 1236: Ban Matej Ninoslav of Bosnia was able to retake control of Bosnia.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
8.1.Mongol Invasions of Hungary
Were a series of Mongol raids in Hungary.
8.1.1.First Mongol Invasion of Hungary
Was a Mongol raid in Hungary.
April 1241: The Raid of March 1241 - April 1242 was a devastating invasion by the Mongol Empire into the Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia. Led by Batu Khan and Subutai, the Mongols inflicted heavy casualties and widespread destruction, leaving a lasting impact on the region.
May 1241: The Raid of March 1241 - April 1242 was a devastating invasion led by the Mongol Empire under the command of Batu Khan and Subutai. The invasion resulted in widespread destruction and loss of life in the Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia. King Bela IV of Hungary was forced to flee to Austria.
8.1.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Hungary
Was a Mongol raid in Hungary.
January 1286: Kingdom of Hungary raided by the Golden Horde.
February 1286: The Golden Horde leaves the Kingdom of Hungary.
8.2.Mongol Invasions of Germany
Were a series of Mongol raids in Germany.
8.2.1.Second Mongol Invasion of Germany
The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in December 1241 and January 1242.
January 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242.
February 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242. After the raid, the Mongols left these regions.
Was a brief conflict in the Duchy of Mačva (or Macsó), in the southern realm of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1268: In 1267, the region of the Banate of Mačva was taken over by the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
February 1269: Serbia king Stefan Uroš I brought an invasion force to Mačva, and did considerable damage to the city until Hungarian reinforcements under Béla IV from the north came to fight off the Serbs.
Expansion during the rule of Algirdas in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
January 1363: Expansion of Lithuania by 1362.
Were several wars fought in the years 1340-1392 over the succession in the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia.
January 1371: Louis was promised the territories if Casimir died without an heir. After Casimir's death, Between 1370 and 1387 Galicia was ruled by the Hungarian crown.
January 1383: After Louis death in 1382, Liubartas captured castles ruled by Hungarians (including Kremenets and Przemyśl).
January 1388: In 1387, Jadwiga attached Galicia to Poland for good.
Were a series of wars between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa.
12.1.War of Chioggia
Was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant.
August 1380: Arbe conquered by genoa.
Wars during the rule of Mehmed II in the Ottoman Sultanate.
13.1.Siege of Belgrade (1456)
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror rallied his resources to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. His immediate objective was the border fort of the town of Belgrade (Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár).
July 1456: Siege of Belgrade.
13.2.Ottoman-Venetian War (1463-1479)
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the ottoman Empire. Several Venetian territories were captured and annexed by the Ottomans.
Were a series of raids by the Ottomans in the Friuli region during the 15th and 16th centuries, in the context of tensions between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
January 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463.
February 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463. The Ottomans left the region after the incursion.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
15.1.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
15.1.1.Aftermath of World War I in Hungary
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Hungary.
February 1920: On 29 February 1920, the parliament restored the Hungarian monarchy, ending the republic, and in March, annulled both the Pragmatic Sanction of 1723 and the Compromise of 1867. The parliament postponed electing a king until civil disorder had subsided. Former Austro-Hungarian admiral Miklós Horthy became regent, a position he would hold until 1944.
Was an uprising in the city of Sopron in western Hungary that had been assigned to Austria after World War I. After a referendum Sopron and its surrounding eigth villages were transferred from Austria to Hungary.
December 1921: The Sopron plebiscite took place on December 14-16, 1921. Sopron and surronding areas are awarded to Hungary.
On 29 September, the Munich Agreement was signed by Germany, Italy, France, and Britain. The Munich Agreement stipulated that Czechoslovakia must cede Sudeten territory to Germany. Germany dismembered Czechoslovakia.
November 1938: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sought a non-violent way to enforce the territorial claims of the Kingdom of Hungary and to revise the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. The First Vienna Award separated largely Magyar-populated territories in southern Slovakia and southern Carpathian Rus from Czechoslovakia and "awarded" them to Hungary.
March 1939: Carpatho-Ukraine was proclaimed an independent republic, headed by president Avgustyn Voloshyn.
March 1939: Carpatho-Ukraine was returned to the Kingdom of Hungary, crushing all local resistance.
March 1939: Eastern Slovakia conquered by Kingdom of Hungary.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
18.1.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
18.1.1.Hungarian Expansion from the Second Vienna Award
Refers to the second Vienna Award, the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It took place on 30 August 1940 and assigned Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
August 1940: The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Rendered on 30 August 1940, it assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania (including all of Maramureș and part of Crișana) from Romania to Hungary. Hungarian annexation of Northern Transylvania occured until 13 september 1940.
September 1940: The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Rendered on 30 August 1940, it assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania (including all of Maramureș and part of Crișana) from Romania to Hungary. Hungarian annexation of Northern Transylvania occured until 13 september 1940.
18.1.2.German invasion of Hungary
Was the occupation of Hungary by German Nazi troops during World War II.
March 1944: The Germans occupy Hungary.
18.2.World War II (Balkan Theatre)
Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.
18.2.1.Invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis
Was a military operation by the Axis forces that resulted in the occupation and partition of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
18.2.1.1.Surrender and partition of Yugoslavia
Was the partition of Yugoslavia among the invading Axis forces.
April 1941: Yugoslavia was partitioned ca. April 20-22, 1941 among the Axis countries (Italy and Germany) and their satellite states (Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania).
18.2.2.Establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). .
November 1943: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ).
January 1001: Ajtony was the chief, shortly after the year 1000, of part of a territory later called "Banat" in Hungary. The core of his tribal domain was the region of Maros.
January 1001: Expansion of the Kievan Rus' by 1000 AD.
January 1076: During the reign of Peter Krešimir IV the Croatian rulers regained their power in Dalmatia.
January 1092: The Cumans of southern Ruthenia took control of the lands of Wallachia.
January 1092: In 1091 Ladislaus of Hungary crossed the Drava river and conquered the entire province of Slavonia without encountering opposition.
January 1103: The Croatian nobility recognised Coloman of Hungary as their king. Coloman was crowned in Biograd in 1102 and the title now claimed by Coloman was "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia".
January 1108: In 1107 the city of Traù (today Trogir in Croatia) was conquered by King Coloman of Hungary.
January 1109: In 1108, the territory of present-day Slovakia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1117: After Hungarian king Coloman's death in 1116, the Venetian Doge Ordelafo Faliero returned from Outremer and retook all the Dalmatian cities, and also, for the first time, the Croatian cities of the coast such as Biograd and Šibenik.
January 1118: In 1117 Split again acknowledged Hungarian rule.
January 1119: The new Venetian Doge, Domenico Michiel, quickly defeated the Hungarians again and restored Venetian authority in Split by 1118.
January 1126: Biograd (at the time called Zaravecia/Zaravecchia after 1204) was againa Venetian colony from 1125.
January 1127: Zaravecia/Zaravecchia (today Biograd) is occupied by Hungarian forces.
January 1134: Sebenego/Sebenico (today Šibenik) was a Venetian colony from 1133.
January 1142: Hungarian King Géza II, having conquered Bosnian lands, marched to Split and Trogir.
January 1150: The Hungarians took back western Romania from the Cumans.
January 1155: Traditional foundation of Bosnia.
January 1166: Emperor Manuel I Komnenos took advantage of the internal conflicts in Hungary and forced the young king to cede Dalmatia and the Szerémség region (Srem, Serbia) to the Byzantines in 1165.
January 1186: Uprising of Asen and Peter: almost all of Bulgaria to the north of the Balkan Mountains (the region known as Moesia) immediately joined the rebels.
January 1191: When Stephen III of Hungary died childless in 1172, his brother, Béla III, ascended the throne. He reconquered Dalmatia and the Szerémség in the 1180s.
January 1197: Bulgarian conquests around 1196.
January 1201: During the reign of Hrvatinić family, since the beginning of 13th century, the territory of Donji Kraji included areas and parishes around Sana river, Glaž, to Grmeč mountain on the west and to the middle course of the Vrbas river on the east.
January 1204: The Hungarian army in several battles along the valley of the Morava river was defeated, and their former territory were recaptured.
January 1212: After Christian forces were defeated in the Middle East, the Teutonic Order moved to Transylvania in 1211 to help defend the South-Eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary against the Cumans.
January 1212: In return for help suppressing a major rebellion in 1211, Boril of Buglaria was forced to cede Belgrade and Braničevo to Hungary.
February 1221: After his coronation, Ivan Asen II arranged a wedding with Anna Maria, daughter of the Hungarian king Andrew II, and received the cities of Belgrade and Braničevo as a dowry.
January 1226: The Teutonic Knights were expelled from Tarnsylvania by force of arms by King Andrew II of Hungary in 1225, after attempting to place themselves under papal instead of the original Hungarian sovereignty and thus to become independent.
January 1247: The Hungarians occupied Belgrade and Braničevo.
January 1261: In 1260, Constantine Tikh recovered Vidin and occupied the Severin Banat.
January 1262: A Hungarian counterattack forced the Bulgarians to retreat to Tarnovo, restoring Vidin to Rostislav.
January 1269: Brač Island (Braza/Brazza) is a Venetian Colony.
January 1274: Darman and Kudelin were two Bulgarian nobles who jointly ruled the region of Braničevo in modern Serbia as independent or semi-independent autocrats in the late 13th century (1273-1291). They were known for their military prowess and strategic alliances in the region.
January 1281: In 1280, Prince Lev of Galicia-Volhynia defeated Hungary and annexed part of Transcarpathia, including the city of Munkács. This territory was then incorporated into the Kingdom of Rus' under the rule of the Golden Horde.
August 1301: When the King of Hungary died, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was able to place his infant son on the Hungarian throne.
October 1305: Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, who had inherited Bohemia from his father, renounced his claim to Hungary on behalf of Otto III.
January 1311: Wallachia, the first independent medieval state between the Carpathians and the lower Danube was created by Basarab I (c. 1310-1352).
January 1312: When Ugrin Csák died in 1311, his dominion was soon integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1320: In 1319 Charles I of Hungary regained control over Belgrade and banovina Mačva while Milutin held control in Braničevo.
January 1323: Venetian colony in Šibenik (Sebenego/Sebenico).
January 1326: Belgrade and the northern part of Banate of Macsó along the river Sava remained under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary.
January 1327: Ban Stephen II gained territories, expending his realm to the coast by annexing space between mouths of the Cetina and the Neretva rivers, and all in between Bosnia main proper and the coast, namely vast expanses of karst poljes of Livanjsko, Duvanjsko and Glamočko, which will from that point on be known as Završje, until territorial reconfiguration under Ottomans. .
January 1327: Ban also annexed towns and forts of Imotski, Livno, Duvno, Glamoč, Grahovo.
January 1329: Nin (Nona)was a Venetian colon in the periods 1328-1358 and 1409-1797.
January 1331: Wallachia fell under hungarian control.
January 1331: Basarab refused to grant Hungary the lands of Făgăraș, Almaș and the Banate of Severin, defeated Charles in the Battle of Posada (1330).
January 1332: Hvar Island (Łexina/Lesina) becomes a Venetian Colony.
January 1337: He became involved in larger conflicts with the Hungarians, but these clashes were mostly defensive. Dušan's armies were initially defeated by Charles I of Hungary's 80,000-strong royal armies in Šumadija in 1336. As the Hungarians advanced south towards a hostile terrain, Dušan's cavalry launched several attacks in the narrow open fields, resulting in a rout of Hungarian troops, which retreated to the north of Danube. Charles I was wounded by an arrow but survived. As a result, the Hungarians lost Mačva and Belgrade.
January 1347: In the 14th century, King Charles I of Hungary attempted to expand his realm and the influence of the Catholic Church eastwards after the fall of Cuman rule, and ordered a campaign under the command of Phynta de Mende (1324). In 1342 and 1345, the Hungarians were victorious in a battle against Tatar-Mongols and founded the Moldavian mark in 1346.
January 1351: Krka was reached by Serbian forces.
January 1351: Imotski and Novi conquered by Serbian Empire.
January 1351: Stefan Dušan entered Dalmatia to protect her sister's domains of Klis and Skradin.
January 1351: In 1350, during the reign of Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, the Serbs led a military campaign that resulted in the ravaging of the countryside. One of their armies reached the territories of Duvno and Cetina, causing destruction and chaos in the region.
January 1357: Klis was conquered by the Croatian general Nikola Banic for the Hungarian king sometime after 1356, ending Serbian presence in Dalmatia.
February 1358: Venetian Dubrovnik refers to the periods when the city-state of Dubrovnik was under the control of the Republic of Venice. The Republic of Ragusa, also known as Ragusa, was a maritime republic centered in the city of Dubrovnik. In 1358, the territory of Dubrovnik was transferred to the Republic of Ragusa from Hungary.
January 1360: Bogdan of Cuhea, voivode fof the Wallachians, who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathians in 1359, took control of Moldavia, and succeeded in becoming thre first independent ruler of Moldavia.
January 1366: In 1365, the Tsardom of Vidin was occupied by Hungarian crusaders.
January 1370: The Hungarian occupation of the Tsardom of Vidin was short-lived.
August 1387: Tvrtko took control of the Klis Fortress in July 1387.
December 1387: Ostrovica Fortress submitted to Bosnian forces in November, followed by Trogir.
January 1389: Władysław II Jagiełło, needing financial support for his battles against the Teutonic Knights, used the region of Pokuttya as a guarantee for a loan which he obtained from Petru II of Moldavia.
June 1389: The Dalmatian cities are conquered by Tvrtko I of Bosnia.
June 1390: In May 1390, the cities and the Dalmatian islands finally surrendered to Tvrtko.
January 1392: Prince Petru of Moldavia expanded his rule southwards to the Danube Delta.
January 1393: Roman I conquered the Hungarian-ruled Cetatea Albă in 1392, giving Moldavia an outlet to the Black Sea.
January 1401: Mircea the Elder (the Voivode of Wallachia) defeated the Ottomans in several battles, including the Battle of Rovine in 1394, driving them away from Dobruja and briefly extending his rule to the Danube Delta, Dobruja and Silistra (c. 1400-1404).
January 1410: The fortress of Novigrad was part of Republic of Venice from 1409.
January 1410: Following the war of the Hungarian dynastic succession at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century and the consequent conflict for the crown between Sigismund of Luxembourg and Ladislaus of Naples, the latter sold his rights over Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice in 1409 for the sum of 100,000 ducats. This led to the formation of Venetian Dalmatia.
January 1410: In 1409 king Ladislaus I sold Zadar and Nin to the Venetians.
March 1412: The Treaty of Lubowla of 1412 was a treaty between Władysław II, King of Poland, and Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary. The treaty defined the border between the two countries.
January 1428: As an immediate result of Stefan's death, Serbia had to return Belgrade to the Kingdom of Hungary, but kept Mačva.
July 1440: Vladislaus, king of Poland, was crowned despite continuing disputes.
November 1444: Vladislaus' death in battle in 1444 ended the union with Poland.
January 1447: King Tomaš of Bosnia, also known as Stephen Tomašević, was the last Bosnian king before the Ottoman conquest. Despot Đurađ Branković was a Serbian ruler. The capture of Srebrenica in 1446 was part of the ongoing conflicts between the Kingdom of Bosnia and the Serbian Despotate.
October 1448: In September 1448, the Bosnians were defeated by a Serbian army led by Thomas Kantakouzenos, who reconquered Srebrenica and also took Višegrad.
January 1458: Temporarily relieved of the southern threat, Lazar of Serbia turned to the north and Hungarian internal battles, which he joined on the side of King Ladislaus, managing to capture the town of Kovin and several other towns on the left bank of the Danube in 1457.
September 1490: Not wanting another heavy-handed king, the hungarian nobles procured the accession of Vladislaus II, the king of Bohemia.
August 1921: The Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic was a short-lived, Soviet-oriented mini-state, proclaimed in Pécs, that occupied Hungarian territory during the peacemaking aftermath of the first World War.
August 1921: The authorities of the new Serb-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic did not manage to gain international recognition, and since the withdrawal of the Yugoslav kingdom's army, Horthy's forces entered into the region and put an end to the Republic. From 21-25 August 1921, the region was reintegrated into Hungary.
Disestablishment
March 1944: The Germans occupy Hungary.
Selected Sources
Lazzarin, R. (22 november 2020): INCURSIONI TURCHE. Mercurio. https://mer-curio.com/2020/11/22/incursioni-turche/
Shephard, W. R. (1923): Historical Atlas, New York, Henry Holt and Company, pp. 58-59
Tomasevich, J. (1975): War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945, Stanford University Press, pp. 89-92
VKL-1462-ru. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 7 April 2024 on https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:VKL-1462-ru.png
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.182
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Kingdom of Hungary
