If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics
The cluster includes all the forms of the country since the Middle Ages. It does not include the period of union with Norway.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Kingdom of Denmark
Denmark (Germany)
Establishment
January 961: From c. 960 Harald Bluetooth appears to have established a kingdom in the lands of the Danes which stretched from Jutland to Skåne.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
The Frankish Kingdom was partitioned and reuinited several times as the Frankish rulers used to divide their territories equally among their heirs. This lead also to a number of wars and revolts.
1.1.Incoronation of Otto I
East Frankish King Otto I was crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.
February 962: Territorial change based on data about the borders of Denmark in 962.
Eric the Victorious was a Swedish monarch as of around 970. Since he is the first Swedish king in a consecutive regnal succession, who is attested in sources independent of each other, Sweden's list of rulers usually begins with him.
January 971: The Kingdom of Sweden was probably established by Eric the Victorious, who was king from around 970. Since he is the first Swedish king in a consecutive regnal succession, who is attested in sources independent of each other, Sweden's list of rulers usually begins with him.
The Battle of Svolder was a naval battle fought in September 999 or 1000 in the western Baltic Sea between King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway and an alliance of his enemies. After the Battle of Svolder, the victorious leaders split Norway into areas of control.
September 1000: The Battle of Svolder was a naval battle fought in September 1000 in the western Baltic Sea between King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway and an alliance of his enemies. After the Battle of Svolder, the victorious leaders split Norway into areas of control.
Were a series of ephemeral Norse-ruled personal unions between England and Scandinavian countries.
February 1014: Sweyn Forkbeard died and his realm was divided.
January 1019: Cnut the Great acquired England in 1016 and Denmark in 1018.
November 1035: After the death of Cnut the Great, the North Sea Empire was again divided into Denmark, England, and Norway.
March 1040: Harthacnut was the son of King Cnut the Great of Denmark and England. He became the ruler of both territories in 1040.
June 1042: Harthacnut died suddenly in 1042 and was succeeded by Magnus in Denmark and Edward the Confessor in England. Harthacnut was the last Dane to rule England.
Was the succesful Danish invasion of the Kingdom of England by Cnut the Great.
September 1015: Early in September 1015 Danish King sailed around Kent to Wessex, until he came to the mouth of the Frome, and harried in Dorset and Wiltshire and Somerset.
April 1016: Western Mercia conquered by Kingdom of England.
April 1016: Early in 1016, the Viking forces led by King Cnut of Denmark crossed the Thames and raided Warwickshire as part of their campaign to conquer England.
April 1016: The mid-winter assault by Cnut of Denmark devastated its way northwards across eastern Mercia.
May 1016: In 1016, King Cnut of Denmark encircled the city of London.
April 1017: The West Saxons accepted Cnut as king of all of England, and he was crowned by Lyfing, Archbishop of Canterbury, in London.
Was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by the army of the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror.
6.1.Harrying of the North
Was a series of military campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069-1070 to subjugate northern England.
January 1070: Sweyn II of Denmark landed with an army, in much the same way as Harald Hardrada. He took control of York after defeating the Norman garrison and inciting a local uprising.
April 1070: King William defeated the Danish forces and devastated the region of York in the Harrying of the North.
Was the invasion of northern Germany by king Canute VI of Denmark caused by disagreement with Adolf III, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, over the possession of the island of Rügen.
September 1200: In the summer of 1200, King Knut VI of Denmark acquired the territory of Rendsburg through military occupation.
January 1201: On January 25, 1201, the army of Adolf III of Holstein and his ally Adolf I of Dassel was defeated by Danish forces near Washow. The County of Ratzeburg was occupied by Denmark.
November 1201: Duke Waldemar II, the brother of the Danish king, succeeded in subjugating all of Nordelbingen - the areas between the Elbe (southern border) and Eider (northern border).
January 1215: Valdemar of Denmark reached the zenith of his power around 1220, when he conquered Pomerania (1214).
July 1227: Battle of Bornhöved: Count Adolf IV of Schauenburg and Holstein defeated King Valdemar II of Denmark. As a result, the Danish border with the Holy Roman Empire was moved north from the Elbe river to the Eider River, the southern border of the Duchy of Schleswig.
January 1228: In 1203, King Valdemar II of Denmark conquered the area later comprising Saxe-Lauenburg, but it reverted to Albert I, Duke of Saxony in 1227.
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
8.1.Mongol Invasions of Germany
Were a series of Mongol raids in Germany.
8.1.1.First Mongol Invasion of Germany
Was a Mongol raid in the Holy Roman Empire.
May 1241: The Mongols invaded the Holy Roman Empire without major clash of arms.The army invaded eastern Germany, and crossed the March of Moravia in April-May 1241.
June 1241: The Mongols left eastern Germany and Moravia.
Was a war between Denmark and Sweden which took place from 1276 to 1278. It started because of a disagreement over an agreed sum of 6,000 silver marks for Danish assistance to Magnus Birgersson in the battle against Valdemar Birgersson in 1275.
December 1276: King Magnus Ladulås of Sweden initiated the 6000-Mark war by invading the Danish provinces of Halland and Skåne in 1276. The Danish army, led by King Eric V of Denmark, managed to halt the Swedish advance near Uffo marches.
January 1277: King Magnus Ladulås of Sweden initiated the 6000-Mark war by invading the Danish provinces of Halland and Skåne in 1276. The Danish army, led by King Eric V of Denmark, managed to halt the Swedish advance near Uffo marches.
January 1278: Erik Klipping gathered a large army in 1277 and went into Västergötland which again was overcome and looted. Eric V of Denmark decided to end the campaign because it was not meant as anything other than an act of revenge in response to the Swedish king's assault on Halland and Skåne.
February 1278: Erik Klipping gathered a large army in 1277 and went into Västergötland which again was overcome and looted. Eric V of Denmark decided to end the campaign because it was not meant as anything other than an act of revenge in response to the Swedish king's assault on Halland and Skåne.
Was a war between Denmark and Norway.
January 1297: North Halland ceded to Norway.
Was the first conflict between Denmark and Sweden that led to the independence of the latter from the Kalmar Union.
October 1471: In 1471, King Christian I of Denmark decided to invade the small coastland in southern Sweden. Facing resistance, he chose to land his troops instead of laying siege to the territory. This military occupation marked a significant conflict between Denmark and Sweden during this period.
October 1471: Battle of Brunkeberg.
October 1471: After its defeat in the Battle of Brunkeberg, Denmark evacuated the territories it had occupied in Sweden.
A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.
12.1.Livonian War
Was a war fought over the control of Old Livonia. The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. Old Livonia was finally partitioned between Sweden, Poland-Lithuania and Denmark-Norway.
12.1.1.Partition of Livonia
Was the partition of Old Livonia between Denmark, Sweden and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
January 1560: In 1559 the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek and Courland Johannes V von Münchhausen sold his lands to King Frederick II of Denmark for 30,000 thalers.
12.2.Second Northern War
Was a war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden (along with their respective allies) over the hegemony in the Baltic Sea.
May 1660: After the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660 Cabo Corso Castle was to be returned to Swedish administration.
12.3.Great Northern War
Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
12.3.1.Phase 2: Sweden Defending itself
Was the second phase of the Great Northern War. It consisted in the counterattack of all the countries that Sweden had invaded during the first phase of the war.
12.3.1.1.North German Front of the Great Northern War
Was the theatre of war of northern Germany in the second phase of the Great Northern War.
May 1715: Following Prussian and Hanoverian occupation, Denmark ceded Bremen-Verden to Hanover on May 2, 1715 in exchange for a compensation payment.
12.3.1.2.Danish Invasion of Sweden
Was a Danish invasion of Sweden during the Great Northern War.
July 1719: The Danish captured Marstrand.
12.3.2.Peace Treaties of the Great Northern War
Were the peace treaties that ended the Great Northern War.
12.3.2.1.Peace of Frederiksborg
Was a treaty that ended the Great Northern War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
July 1720: All of Schleswig was now united under the Danish crown.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
13.1.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
13.1.1.Thirty Years' War Minor Scenarios
A series of conflicts related to the Thirty Years' War.
13.1.1.1.Torstenson War
Was a brief war between Sweden and Denmark-Norway.
August 1645: Second Treaty of Brömsebro.
Expansion during the rule of Shahu I in the Maratha Empire.
January 1723: Establishment of the Danish outpost of Eddowa.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
15.1.French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars - Theatre of war in the overseas colonies
The theatre of war in the overseas colonies during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
January 1802: Britain occupied the Danish West Indies in 1801-02.
January 1803: Britain occupied the Danish West Indies in 1801-02.
December 1807: British occupation of the Saint Croix island.
January 1808: 1807-1815: British occupation of the Danish West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars.
November 1815: Danish reconquest of the Saint Croix island.
January 1816: 1807-1815: British occupation of the Danish West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars.
15.2.Gunboat War
Was a naval conflict between Denmark-Norway and the British during the Napoleonic Wars. The war's name is derived from the Danish tactic of employing small gunboats against the materially superior Royal Navy.
February 1808: The Danish possessions at Tranquebar was taken over by the British East India Company.
January 1814: The Treaty of Kiel was signed in 1814, ending the Napoleonic Wars. Denmark-Norway ceded Heligoland to Britain and Norway to Sweden. Denmark regained control of Anholt island as part of the agreement.
15.3.War of the Sixth Coalition
Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.
January 1814: Between 1035 and 1814, the Faroe Islands were part of the Kingdom of Norway, which was in a personal union with Denmark from 1450. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel transferred Norway to the King of Sweden, on the winning side of the Napoleonic Wars, whereas Denmark retained the Faroe Islands, along with Greenland and Iceland.
January 1814: The Treaty of Kiel was signed by King Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway and Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden. As a result, Norway was forced to cede to Sweden after being part of Denmark-Norway for centuries.
January 1814: Swedish Pomerania, given to Denmark a year earlier in return for Norway, was ceded by Denmark to Prussia.
15.4.Congress of Vienna
Was a series of international diplomatic meetings after the end of the Napoleonic wars whose aim was a long-term peace plan for Europe. It redraw the borders of Europe and partially restored the Monarchies of the pre-revolutionary period.
October 1815: Prussia agreed to exchange Swedish Pomerania with the cession of the duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg to Denmark and assumed the Danish war debt to Sweden. The delivery via the Swedish governor to the Prussian plenipotentiary minister took place in October 1815.
Was a revolutionary wave in Europe that started in France. The revolutions were essentially democratic and liberal in nature, with the aim of removing the old monarchical structures and creating independent nation-states, as envisioned by romantic nationalism.
16.1.First Schleswig War
Was a revolt of German nationalists against Danish rule in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
March 1848: On the morning of March 24, an extra train drove from Kiel to Rendsburg with the soldiers of the Kiel garrison and 50 volunteers under the command of the provisional Minister of War Prince Friedrich von Noer (brother of the Augustenburg Duke). By ringing the fire bell, it was possible to lure the unarmed soldiers of the garrison out of the fortress. Officers were granted free withdrawal, while nearly all soldiers joined the riot.
March 1848: Wishing to defeat Denmark before Prussian, Austrian, and German troops arrived to support them, 7,000 Schleswig-Holsteinish soldiers under General Krohn occupied Flensborg on 31 March.
April 1848: The Schleswig-Holstein units, led by General Krohn and Colonel Lüttichau, were defeated by Danish forces in the battle of Bau. This marked a setback for the rebel government of Schleswig-Holstein during the First Schleswig War in 1848.
April 1848: Prussian victory in battle at Oeversee.
May 1848: In 1848, during the First Schleswig War, the Schleswig-Holstein units, led by General Friedrich von Wrangel, were repelled by Danish forces in the battle of Bau. This territory later became part of the Kingdom of Denmark.
June 1848: The are of Dybbøl (Denmark) is occupied by German rebels.
July 1848: In 1848, during the First Schleswig War, Danish forces led by General Christian de Meza achieved a significant victory over the German rebels at the Battle of Dybbøl Hill. This battle was a turning point in the conflict, as it allowed the Danish government to regain control of the territory from the Schleswig-Holstein rebels.
May 1849: In 1849, during the First Schleswig War, Danish forces led by General Christian Julius de Meza successfully halted the Prussian advance through Jutland in a cavalry battle at Vejlby. This victory was a significant moment in the conflict between Denmark and the rebel government of Schleswig-Holstein.
June 1849: In 1849, during the First Schleswig War, Danish forces led by General Christian Julius de Meza successfully halted the Prussian advance through Jutland in a cavalry battle at Vejlby. This victory helped secure the territory for the Kingdom of Denmark.
July 1850: Battle of Isted.
July 1850: Danish victory in cavalry battle at Jagel.
October 1850: Danish forces resist German siege at Friedrichstadt.
November 1850: Battle of Lottorf.
April 1851: Holstein was pacified by Prussian and Austrian federal troops, and the Schleswig-Holstein army was dissolved on April 1, 1851.
Were two wars caused by the Schleswig-Holstein question (a series of issues deriving from the status of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to the Danish Crown and to the German Confederation).
17.1.Second Schleswig War
Was a war caused by the status of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, that were Dnish possession but at the same also part of the German confederation. When the Danish King died without an heir acceptable to the German Confederation, Prussian and Austrian troops invaded and occupied the duchies.
February 1864: On February 1, 1864, the Allies 8Prussia and Austria) crossed the Eider, the border river between Holstein and Schleswig.
February 1864: The Austrian troops reached the Sorge River.
February 1864: On February 3, 1864, heavy fighting broke out near Ober-Selk, Jagel, on the Königshügel and near Wedelspang, during which the Danes were pushed back into their entrenchments.
February 1864: Christian Julius de Meza had the Danewerk evacuated on February 6, 1864 in order to escape the Prussian encirclement and, leaving the heavy artillery behind, retreated via Flensburg to the Düppeler Schanzen, a fortification located across from Sonderburg between Flensburg Fjord and Alsensund. return.
February 1864: Battle of Sankelmark.
February 1864: The Prussian army, led by General Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein, crossed the Schlei River near Arnis on February 6, 1864. This marked the beginning of the military occupation of the territory by Prussia and Austria during the Second Schleswig War.
February 1864: In 1864, during the Second Schleswig War, Austrian forces led by General Ludwig von Gablenz captured Vejle after intense house-to-house combat against Prussian and Danish defenders. The town was then placed under military occupation by Prussia and Austria.
February 1864: On February 11 and 12, the Prussian army corps under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia took up position on the Sundewitt peninsula, six to eight kilometers from the Schanzen.
February 1864: Some Prussian hussars, in the excitement of a cavalry skirmish, crossed the north frontier of Schleswig into Denmark proper and occupied the town of Kolding.
April 1864: The Danish army commanded by General Niels Christian Lunding, on direct order from the Minister of War, abandons Fredericia.
July 1864: Another advance of Prussian troops after crossing the Limfjord after a short fight reached the northern tip of Jutland on July 11, whereby the entire Danish mainland, a large part of the Danish kingdom itself, was occupied by Prussian and Austrian troops.
17.1.1.Bundesexekution of Holstein und Lauenburg of 1863
Was a military action by Prussia and Austria to occupy the Danish possessions of Holstein and Lauenburg at the beginning of the Second Schleswig War. It was based on a decision by the German Confederation (the two duchies were fiefs of the Confederation) and is therefore known as "Bundesexekution" (Federal execution).
17.1.1.1.German Confederation occupies Lauenburg and Holstein
Was the military occupation of the Danish possessions of Holstein and Lauenburg by Prussia and Austria at the beginning of the Second Schleswig War.
December 1863: The forces of the German Confederation occupy Büchen, Schwarzenbek, Wandsbek.
December 1863: The forces of the German Confederation occupy Altona, Pinneberg, Uetersen, Trittau.
December 1863: The forces of the German Confederation occupy Jevenstedt.
December 1863: The forces of the German Confederation occupy Rendsburg and thus whole Holstein and Lauenburg.
17.1.2.Treaty of Vienna (1864)
In the Treaty of Vienna, 30 October 1864, Denmark ceded Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria. Denmark was also forced to surrender the enclaves in western Schleswig that were legally part of Denmark proper and not part of Schleswig.
October 1864: The Peace of Vienna in 1864 ended the Second Schleswig War between Denmark and the German states of Austria and Prussia. The treaty resulted in the territory of Schleswig being placed under a condominium of Austria and Prussia.
October 1864: In the Treaty of Vienna Denmark ceded Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria. Denmark was also forced to surrender the enclaves in western Schleswig that were legally part of Denmark proper and not part of Schleswig, but was allowed to keep the island of Ærø (which had been administered as part of Schleswig), the town of Ribe and its surrounding land, and eight parishes from Tyrstrup Herred south of Kolding.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
18.1.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
18.1.1.Treaty of Versailles
Was the treaty that ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers.
June 1920: When World War I was over, the plebiscite in Northern Schleswig finally was held in early 1920; the northern part of it, around Tønder, Haderslev, Åbenra and Sønderborg, opted for Denmark. On 15 June 1920, Northern Schleswig was officially reunited with Denmark.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
19.1.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
May 1945: On 9 May Soviet troops landed on the island of Bornholm, and after a short fight, the German garrison (about 12,000 strong) surrendered.
19.2.World War II (Western Front)
Was the Western European theatre of World War II.
19.2.1.Administrative changes of occupied Denmark and its possessions during World War II
Were the administrative territorial changes of Denmark (occupied by Germany) and its overseas territories (free from German occupation) during World War II.
April 1940: Lasting approximately four hours, the German ground campaign against Denmark was one of the shortest military operations of the Second World War.
May 1940: The United Kingdom occupied Iceland to pre-empt a German occupation.
May 1940: After the occupation of Denmark, British forces from 12 April 1940 made a pre-emptive bloodless invasion of the Faroe Islands to prevent their occupation by German troops.
April 1941: On 9 April 1941, the Danish envoy to the United States, Henrik Kauffmann, signed a treaty with the U.S. authorizing it to defend Greenland and construct military stations there. Kauffmann was supported in this decision by the Danish diplomats in the United States and the local authorities in Greenland. Signing this treaty "in the name of the King" was a clear violation of his diplomatic powers, but Kauffmann argued that he would not receive orders from an occupied Copenhagen.
August 1943: Germany occupied Denmark in Operation Weserübung. The king and government functioned as normal in a de facto protectorate over the country until 29 August 1943.
May 1945: On 5 May 1945, Greenlanders celebrated the liberation of Denmark in Nuuk. The Greenland Administration under Eske Brun surrendered its emergency powers and again came under direct control from Copenhagen.
May 1945: German forces in North West Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands surrender.
May 1945: Following the liberation of Denmark and the end of World War II in Europe, the occupation of the Faroe Islands was terminated in May 1945 and the last British soldiers left in September.
Was a series of withdrawals from territories occupied by the Allies during World War II in the aftermath of the war.
April 1946: Soviet forces leave the island of Bornholm on 5 April 1946. The island was occupied since May 1945.
January 971: Arald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s (c. 970 - c. 975/986).
January 977: Arald's rule as king of Norway following the assassination of King Harald Greycloak of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s (c. 970 - c. 975/986).
January 1001: Personal union of the kingdoms of England, Denmark and Norway. The first king to unite all three kingdoms was Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark since 986 and of Norway since 1000.
March 1016: In 1016, Óláfr Haraldsson, also known as Saint Olaf, arrived in Norway and claimed the throne. He defeated Sveinn, the Danish king, and his allies in the battle of Nesjar, solidifying his rule over the Kingdom of Norway.
November 1035: After the death of Cnut the Great, the North Sea Empire was again divided into Denmark, England, and Norway.
January 1043: Magnus the Good was King of Norway from 1035 and King of Denmark from 1042, ruling over both countries until his death in 1047.
January 1048: Magnus the Good was King of Norway from 1035 and King of Denmark from 1042, ruling over both countries until his death in 1047.
January 1169: Defeat of the Principality of Rugia in 1168. The Rugian princes became vassals of Valdemar I of Denmark.
September 1200: In the summer of 1200, King Knut VI of Denmark acquired the territory of Rendsburg through military occupation.
January 1204: In 1203, King Valdemar II of Denmark conquered the area later comprising Saxe-Lauenburg from Albert I, Duke of Saxony.
January 1220: Revala was conquered by the Danish in 1219 during the Estonian Crusade.
January 1220: Harjumaa was conquered by the Danish in 1219 during the Estonian Crusade.
January 1221: The island of Ösel is conquered by Denmark.
January 1228: In 1227 the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered all Danish territories in Northern Estonia.
June 1238: After their defeat in the Battle of Saule, the surviving members of the Livonian order merged into the Teutonic Order of Prussia in 1237. On June 7, 1238, the Teutonic Order concluded the Treaty of Stensby at a royal fortress in the south of Zealand with the Danish king, Valdemar II. Under the treaty, Jerwia stayed part of the Ordenstaat, while Harria and Vironia were ceded back to King of Denmark as his direct dominion.
January 1267: The Curonian resistance in Southern Courland was led by the Semigallian chief, Dabrelis. In 1266, the Teutonic Order successfully subdued the resistance, leading to the partition of Courland between the Livonian Order and the Archbishop of Riga.
January 1301: In 1300 Rostock fell under the protection and feudal rule of King Eric of Denmark.
May 1323: After another war, Henry II of Mecklenburg conquered Rostock and made peace with the Danish king Christopher II on May 21, 1323. He received the lordships of Rostock, Gnoien and Schwaan as hereditary fiefdoms from Denmark and the Principality of Rostock ceased to exist.
January 1326: After the Rügen ruling dynasty went extinct, the Principality was acquired by Pomerania-Wolgast.
January 1333: The Agreement of Helsingborg resulted in the transfer of the territory of Scania from Denmark to Sweden-Norway.
January 1333: Hven, a small island in the Öresund strait between Scania and Zealand, is acquired by Sweden in accordance to the Agreement of Helsingborg.
January 1347: The Duchy of Estonia was sold to the Teutonic Order and became part of the Ordensstaat.
January 1361: The Agreement of Helsingborg provided that Scania had to be transferred back to Denmark in 1360.
January 1361: In accordance with the Treaty of Varberg, Halland is annexed by the Kingdom of Denmark.
July 1361: In 1361, Valdemar Atterdag, the King of Denmark, invaded the island of Gotland. Valdemar Atterdag was known for his military campaigns and efforts to regain Danish territories lost during the reign of his predecessors.
July 1380: When Haakon VI died in 1380, Olaf, who was already king of Denmark, also inherited the crown of Norway.
January 1621: Tranquebar was established in 1620 as the first Danish trading post in India.
January 1626: By 1625 a factory had been established at Masulipatnam (present-day Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh).
January 1626: Establishment of a Danish outpost in Pipli.
January 1626: Establishment of the Danish outpost in Balasore.
January 1644: Establishment of the Danish outpost in Balasore.
January 1644: Establishment of a Danish outpost in Pipli.
January 1644: By 1625 a factory had been established at Masulipatnam (present-day Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh).
January 1658: In 1657, Danish forces took the lodge under Caerloff.
March 1658: Fort Carlsborg was seized and made part of the Danish Gold Coast colony.
February 1659: Fort Christiansborg was lost to Denmark-Norway.
January 1661: In 1659 or 1660, the Dutch recaptured Fort William (today: Anomabu).
April 1663: The whole Swedish Gold Coast was seized by Denmark, and integrated in the Danish Gold Coast.
May 1664: Robert Holmes conquered the Swedish Gold Coast colony.
June 1667: In 1667, after Count Anton Günther of Oldenburg died without heirs, the territory passed under Danish rule.
January 1668: Fort Goede Hoop (today: Senya Beraku) conquered by netherlands.
January 1668: Jever is annexed to Anhalt-Zerbst.
January 1672: The Danish West India Company resettled St. Thomas, establishing Fort Christiansfort.
January 1674: Fort James is located in Accra, Ghana. It was built by the Royal African Company of England as a trading post for both gold and slaves in 1673.
January 1683: Fort Christiansborg (today: Osu) was taken over by the Danish.
November 1685: The Brandenburg Navy-General Director Benjamin Raule signed a rental agreement with the Danish West India Company.
January 1694: In 1693 the Brandenburg section of Saint Thomas was seized by the Danes without any resistance or repayment.
January 1695: The Danish West India Company, led by King Christian V of Denmark, settled on St. Thomas in 1672 and St. John in 1694. They later purchased St. Croix from France in 1733, establishing the Danish West Indies as a colonial territory.
January 1695: Fort Winneba was a military structure designed to facilitate the slave trade. It was built in 1694 by the Royal African Company on the Gold Coast, in modern-day Ghana.
January 1697: Establishment of the Danish outpost of Eddowa.
January 1698: Fort Lijdzaamheid (today: Apam) conquered by netherlands.
January 1699: Establishment of the Danish outpost of Dannemarksnagore in Bengal.
January 1699: Scottish sovereignty of Vieques proved short-lived, as a Danish ship arrived shortly afterward and claimed the island.
January 1701: In 1700, the Spanish reconquest of the island of Vieques occurred.
January 1709: Before 1708 the chiefdom of Anomabu was established in Ghana, possibly by Nana Eno who became its first king.
January 1713: In 1712, Denmark conquered the Bremen-Verden state, but sold it in 1715 to the Electorate of Hanover.
January 1715: Establishment of the Danish outpost of Dannemarksnagore in Bengal.
April 1726: Rantzau was acquired by Denmark 9 April 1726.
January 1728: Fort Tantumquery is a military structure designed to facilitate the slave trade. The Royal African Company built it in the 1720s, at Otuam in the Mfantsiman Municipal District, Central Region, Ghana.
January 1730: Nana Brempong Codjo becomes the first king of the chiefdom of Oguaa.
June 1733: St. Croix was purchased from France in 1733 for 750,000 livres.
January 1735: By 1734 Denmark established Fort Fredensborg (today: Old Ningo) in the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana).
January 1742: In 1741, Governor Joseph François Dupleix arrived in India, aiming to establish a French territorial empire. Commanded by Marquis Bussy-Castelnau, Dupleix's forces gained control over the area from Hyderabad to Cape Comorin.
December 1754: The Governor of French India, Charles Godeheu, signed a treaty with the British on December 26, 1754, agreeing to evacuate all the territories in India conquered by his predecessor, Joseph Dupleix. The British also agreed to leave the territories of French India that they had occupied.
January 1756: Establishment of the Danish outpost of Frederiknagore (today Serampore) in Bengal.
January 1756: Establishment of the Danish outpost in Colachel.
January 1756: The history of organised European colonisation on the islands began with the Danish East India Company in 1754/56. During this time they were administrated from Tranquebar (in continental Danish India) administrated under the name of Frederiksøerne.
January 1759: The maximum extent of the Kingdom of Travancore was reached at the end of Marthanda Varma's reign.
April 1760: Karikal is occupied by British forces on 15 Apr 1760.
January 1764: Establishment of the Danish outpost in Balasore.
August 1773: Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo 1773.
July 1778: The Nicobarese natives signed a document that ceded all twenty-four islands to Austria.
January 1783: In 1782, the Danish Gold Coast, a Danish colony in Africa, was occupied by the British. This occupation lasted until 1785. The Danish Gold Coast was eventually transferred to British control as part of the Treaty of Kiel in 1814.
January 1785: By 1787 Denmark established Fort Prinsensten (today: Keta) in the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana).
January 1785: By 1787 Denmark established Fort Kongensten (today: Ada) in the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana).
January 1786: During the period of 1782 to 1785, the Danish Gold Coast was under British occupation. This was a result of the Anglo-Danish War, which ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The British forces were led by Admiral Sir Charles Middleton and Major General Robert Howe.
January 1786: The colonists continued on, and managed successfully until Gottfried Stahl, leader of the colonization effort, died in 1783. After Stahl's death, the remaining colonists decided to abandon the islands in 1785.
January 1787: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XVIII century.
January 1788: By 1787 Denmark established Fort Augustaborg (today: Teshie) in the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana).
January 1809: Serampore was occupied by British forces during the Napoleonic Wars.
January 1816: 1807-1815: British occupation of the Danish West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars.
January 1817: The Dutch Gold Coast regained control of Fort Goede Hoop in 1816, marking the end of Akim occupation.
January 1817: On 7 June 1815, after 14 months under its rule, Prussia granted Saxe-Lauenburg to Sweden, receiving in return former Swedish Pomerania, however, additionally paying 2.6 million Taler to Denmark, in order to compensate Denmark for the loss of Norway. Denmark gained that ducal territory north of the Elbe, now ruled in personal union by the Danish House of Oldenburg, from Sweden, which thus again compensated Danish claims to Swedish Pomerania. On 6 December 1815 Frederick VI of Denmark issued his Asseveration Act (Versicherungsacte) affirming the given laws, the constitution and the Ritter- und Landschaft of Saxe-Lauenburg.
January 1819: Serampore is given back to Denmark.
January 1840: Serampore was sold to the British in 1839.
November 1845: Belasore in continental Danish India is sold to the British East India Company.
March 1850: All of Denmark's Danish Gold Coast Territorial Settlements and forts of the Kingdom of Denmark were sold to Britain and incorporated into the British Gold Coast.
October 1868: Denmark's presence in the islands ended formally on 16 October 1868 when it sold the rights to the Nicobar Islands to Britain.
March 1917: The Danish West Indies were eventually sold for 25 million dollars to the United States, which took over the administration on 31 March 1917, renaming the islands the United States Virgin Islands.
December 1918: Iceland gained sovereignty after World War I, becoming the Kingdom of Iceland.
July 1931: Erik the Red's Land was the name given by Norwegians to an area on the coast of eastern Greenland occupied by Norway in the early 1930s. It was named after Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse or Vikings settlements in Greenland in the 10th century.
April 1933: The Permanent Court of International Justice ruled against Norway in 1933, and the country subsequently abandoned its claims over Greenland.
April 1948: The Faroe Islands were in 1948 granted extended self-governance within the Danish Realm with the signing of the Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands.
January 1954: Greenland was fully integrated into Denmark in 1953.
May 1979: In 1979, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland.
June 2022: Denmark and Canada agree to partition the disputed Hans Island, following negotiations. Greenland gains its first land border.
Selected Sources
Datta, R. (June, 15th 2023): Tranquebar - A piece of Denmark on the coast of the Bay of Bengal, The telegraph India, https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/exploring-the-danish-history-and-coastal-charms-of-tharangambadi-or-tranquebar-near-puducherry-in-tamil-nadu/cid/1870111
Die Dänen in Indien, Südostasien und China (1620-1845), Wiesbaden (Germany), p. 236
Die Dänen in Indien, Südostasien und China (1620-1845), Wiesbaden (Germany), pp. 215-219
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 46-47
Flemming, Thomas / Steinhage, Axel / Strunk, Peter (1995): Chronik 1946: Tag für Tag in Wort und Bild, Chronik-Verlag/Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag,p. 60
Gerd Stolz: Das deutsch-dänische Schicksalsjahr 1864. 2. Auflage. 2013, Husum 2010, ISBN 978-3-89876-499-5, p. 32.
Larsen, K. (1940): Guvernører, Residenter, Kommadanter og Chefer samt enkele andre fremtradende personer i de tidligere Danske Tropokolonier, Copenhagen (Denmark), p. 18
Larsen, K. (1940): Guvernører, Residenter, Kommadanter og Chefer samt enkele andre fremtradende personer i de tidligere Danske Tropokolonier, Copenhagen (Denmark), p. 20
Larsen, K. (1940): Guvernører, Residenter, Kommadanter og Chefer samt enkele andre fremtradende personer i de tidligere Danske Tropokolonier, Copenhagen (Denmark), p. 30
Larsen, K. (1940): Guvernører, Residenter, Kommadanter og Chefer samt enkele andre fremtradende personer i de tidligere Danske Tropokolonier, Copenhagen (Denmark), p. 31
Larsen, K. (1940): Guvernører, Residenter, Kommadanter og Chefer samt enkele andre fremtradende personer i de tidligere Danske Tropokolonier, Copenhagen (Denmark), pp. 323-324
Pradhan, U. K. (2007): Ports of Baleswar in the Maritime History, Orissa Review of November - 2007, p. 42
Slaget ved Svolder. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved on 31 March 2024 on https://snl.no/Slaget_ved_Svolder
Stephen, S. J. (2008): The Indian Trade at the Asian Frontier, New Delhi (India), p. 123
Strakosh-Grassmann, G. (1893): Der Einfall der Mongolen in Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1241 und 1242, Innsbruck (Austria), pp. 53-67
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 530
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