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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Burma that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
January 1564: Mahathammarachathirat was the ruler of Sukhothai, a kingdom in Thailand. Bayinnaung was the king of Burma who led the military occupation of Sukhothai in 1563. The Burmese invasion led to Mahathammarachathirat switching allegiance to Bayinnaung.
January 1564: King Bayinnaung, familiar with the terrain of Siam due to his prior expeditions with the late Tabinshwehti, entered Siam through what is now known as Three Pagodas Pass in Kanchanaburi Province.
January 1564: A separate Burmese army entered through Mae Lamow Pass in what is now Tak Province.
January 1564: The governor of Phitsanulok, Mahathammarachathirat, faced with a large opposing force, betrayed the Siamese cause and signed a treaty of friendship with Bayinnaung, contributing forces to Bayinnaung's now even larger army.
January 1564: Bayinnaung's army took Sawankhalok and Phichit without difficulty, finally able to direct their full attention on invading Ayutthaya.
March 1564: The Bayinnaung armies marched down to Ayutthaya. There, they were kept at bay for weeks by the Siamese fort, aided by three Portuguese warships and artillery batteries at the harbor. The invaders finally captured the Portuguese ships and batteries on 7 February 1564, after which the fort promptly fell. Ayutthaya becomes a Burmese vassal state.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars fought between Burma and Siam from the 16th to 19th centuries.
1.1.Burmese-Siamese War (1563-64)
Was a war between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam. The cause of the war was an attempt by the Toungoo King Bayinnaung to force the Ayutthaya kingdom into submission under his rule, as part of his campaign that later created the largest empire ever to exist in Southeast Asia.
1.2.Burmese-Siamese War (1584-1593)
Was a war fought between the Toungoo dynasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
January 1587: Undeterred, Nanda Bayin launched a two-pronged invasion in the following dry season on 19 October (O.S. 9 October) 1586 Both armies overcame Siamese defenses and arrived before Ayutthaya by December.
April 1587: Because of poor planning, the Burmese troops began dying in thousands "from want and exposure" during the siege of Ayutthaya. By March, the siege began to falter, and supplies streamed into Ayutthaya through gaps in the Burmese lines. The Burmese forces began their painful withdrawal on 20 April 1587.
January 1591: In 1590, Lampang was under the military occupation of Burma.
April 1591: In 1591, the Lan Na Kingdom defeated the Burmese army outside Lampang. Nanda.
January 1593: The invasion army of 24,000 was led by King Naresuan of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, who was trying to defend his territory from the Burmese forces led by King Nanda Bayin. The battle at Suphan Buri was a significant moment in the Burmese–Siamese War of 1592–1593.
January 1593: After being defeated in a battle, the Burmese forces retreated, suffering heavy casualties along the way as the Siamese chased and destroyed their army. This was the last of the campaigns by Nanda Bayin to invade Siam.
1.3.Burmese-Siamese War (1662-1664)
Was a war between the Toungoo Empire of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
1.3.1.Burma invades Siam - 1663
Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1662-1664).
January 1664: In 1663, the Burmese forces, led by King Pye Min of Burma, invaded the territory of Sai Yok in Siam. The invasion began at Three Pagodas Pass and the Burmese army advanced over 100 kilometers into Siam, marking the beginning of a military occupation.
February 1664: In 1664, the Ayutthaya Kingdom successfully defended against the Burmese invasion led by King Pye Min. King Narai of Siam led the Siamese forces in routing the Burmese, forcing them to retreat back to their own territory. This marked the end of Burma's 1663 invasion of Siam.
1.4.Burmese-Siamese War (1759-60)
Was a first military conflict between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and the Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam.
March 1760: The Siamese defenses met the invading force outside Kui Buri but were forced to retreat. The Burmese also captured Pranburi.
March 1760: In less than two weeks of the war, the Burmese had captured both Mergui and the town of Tenasserim, and controlled the entire Tennaserim coast.
March 1760: The Burmese forces, led by King Alaungpaya, defeated the Siamese troops in Suphanburi in 1760. Among the captured Siamese commanders were Phraya Vichayen and Phraya Chakri, who later became King Taksin of Thonburi.
April 1760: In 1760, Burmese forces led by King Alaungpaya invaded the Siamese territories of Phetchaburi and Ratchaburi. The Siamese defenders, led by King Ekkathat, put up a strong resistance but were eventually defeated after several fierce battles in February and March. The Burmese forces successfully occupied the territories, marking a significant victory in the Burmese-Siamese wars.
April 1760: The Burmese arrived at the environs of Ayutthaya and laid siege to the city, hoping to take it before the monsoon.
May 1760: The Burmese king's health deteriorated rapidly. He was suffering from either dysentery or scrofula. King Alaungpaya died on 11 May 1760 near Martaban, after being rushed by the advance guard. With his death, the war ended.
1.5.Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767)
Was a war between the Konbaung Dnasty of Burma and the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam which led to the collapse of the latter.
April 1767: One hundred years later, Ayutthaya under King Ekatat (Boromaraja V) faced another Burmese invasion. This culminated in the capture and destruction of the city of Ayutthaya in 1767, as well as the death of the king. Siam was shattered, and as rivals fought for the vacant throne, Patani declared its complete independence.
April 1767: By late March, the Burmese had dug tunnels to the walls, and mined them. At 4 pm on 7 April, several sections of the wall were brought down by the mines underneath, and the Burmese troops supported by artillery fire stormed the walls.
1.5.1.Northern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767)
Was the northern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
August 1765: The invasion began on 23 August 1765 (8th waxing of Tawthalin 1127 ME) at the height of the rainy season when the 20,000 strong northern Burmese army (20 regiments and three hundred war-boats) invaded Siam down the Wang River.
October 1765: Thihapate fought his way down the Wang, finally taking Tak and Kamphaeng Phet by the end of the rainy season.
December 1765: Burmese military leader Thihapate captured the Burmese northern cities of Sukhothai and Phitsanulok.
January 1766: They reached the environs of Ayutthaya, making contact with Maha Nawrahta's army.
February 1766: While the Burmese refilled their ranks, the Siamese command belatedly sent another army to retake Phitsanulok. But the Siamese army was driven back with heavy losses. It was the last major stand by the Siamese in the north. The Siamese defense collapsed afterwards. The Burmese army then moved by boat down the Nan River, taking Phichai, Phichit, Nakhon Sawan, and down the Chao Phraya, taking Ang Thong.
1.5.2.Southern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767)
Was southern Front of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
November 1765: Kanchanaburi fell with little resistance in 1765 to the Burmese forces.
January 1766: Burmese forces reached Nonthaburi about 60 km south of Ayutthaya.
1.5.3.Thailand theatre of war (Burmese-Siamese War of 1765-1767)
Was theatre of war in Thailand of the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
1.5.3.1.Ayutthaya Kingdom
Was the collapse of the 417-year-old Ayutthaya Kingdom during the Burmese-Siamese War (1765-1767).
December 1767: After more than 400 years of power, in 1767, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was brought down by invading Burmese armies, its capital burned, and the territory split. But Siam made a rapid recovery. The resistance to Burmese rule was led by a noble of Chinese descent, Taksin, a capable military leader. Initially based at Chanthaburi in the southeast, within a year he had defeated the Burmese occupation army and re-established a Siamese state with its capital at Thonburi on the west bank of the Chao Phraya, 20 km from the sea.
1.6.Burmese-Siamese War (1775-76)
Was a military conflict between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (now Myanmar) and the Thonburi Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand).
January 1776: Maha Thiha Thura's army fought its way down to Siamese defenses and managed to occupy Phichai and Sukhothai provinces in northern Siam.
January 1776: Thihapate's army managed to recapture Chiang Mai.
April 1776: Maha Thiha Thura was a Burmese military leader who led his army into the deserted city of Phitsanulok in March 1776 during the military occupation of Burma. This event marked a significant moment in the conflict between Burma and the territory of Phitsanulok.
July 1776: When King Hsinbyushin of Burma died on June 10, 1776, the invasion of Thonburi was ended. The Burmese however retained Chiang Saen, a region in northern Lan Na.
1.7.Burmese-Siamese War (1785-1786)
Was a war between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom.
October 1785: In mid-October 1785, King Bodawpaya of Burma led his armies to attack Lanna, a kingdom in northern Siam. The invasion resulted in the territory of Lampang falling under Burmese military occupation.
January 1786: The Siamese relieved Lampang from the Burmese siege.
January 1786: The Burmese captured Songkhla.
January 1786: All of the Burmese invasion armies withdrew in disarray in late-January 1786.
1.8.Burmese-Siamese War (1809-1812)
Was a war between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam.
1.8.1.First Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the first Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
September 1809: The second column, led by British Lieutenant Colonel Herbert, embarked on ships and captured Takua Pa in 1809 during the Burmese military occupation. This marked a significant victory in the Anglo-Burmese War.
November 1809: In October 1809, Bodawpaya, the king of Burma, sent his chamberlain with a large force to conquer Ranong and Na Toei. The force consisted of 30,000 soldiers, 60 war ships, and 200 swivel guns. The successful campaign resulted in the territory falling under Burma's military occupation.
January 1810: The Burmese forces, led by Prince Bagyidaw, managed to regroup after initial setbacks and received reinforcements. They successfully captured the city of Phuket on 13 January 1810.
1.8.2.Second Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the second Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
April 1810: In March 1810, the combined Siamese-Kedahan forces, led by Governor Phraya Surin Phakdi, successfully retook the island of Phuket from the invading Burmese forces. The invaders were pushed into Pak Chan, marking a significant victory for the Rattanakosin Kingdom.
1.8.3.Third Burmese invasion (Siam)
Was the third Burmese invasion of Siam during the Burmese-Siamese War (1809–1812).
June 1810: In 1810, a Siamese counter offensive led by Phuket Governor Phraya Thammarat expelled the Burmese invaders from the island.
June 1810: The Burmese King Bodawpaya sent his army, led by his son Prince of Tharrawaddy, to invade Phuket in late May 1810. The Burmese forces aimed to conquer the island and expand their territory in the region.
1.9.First Burmese invasion (Assam)
Was a Burmese invasion of the Kingdom of Assam.
1.10.Second Burmese invasion (Assam)
Was a Burmese invasion of the Kingdom of Assam.
Were a series of military campaigns launched by the Qing dynasty of China in the mid-late 18th century during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
2.1.Sino-Burmese War
Was a war between Qing China and the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma. The war consisted of a series of unsuccesful Chinese invasions of Burma.
2.1.1.First invasion (Sino-Burmese War)
Was the invasion of Burma by the Qing Dynasty, the first of four that form the Sino-Burmese War (1765-1769).
April 1766: In 1766, the Burmese forces, led by King Hsinbyushin, lifted the siege on their territory and pursued the invading Qing forces into Pu'er Prefecture. The Burmese army successfully defeated the Qing forces in Pu'er, marking a significant victory in the conflict between the two powers.
May 1766: Ne Myo Sithu was a Burmese military commander who left a reinforced garrison in all occupied regions in 1766. He returned to Ava, the capital of the Burmese Kingdom, in April of the same year. This event took place during the Qing Dynasty's rule over the territory.
2.1.2.Second invasion (Sino-Burmese War)
Was the invasion of Burma by the Qing Dynasty, the third of four that form the Sino-Burmese War (1765-1769).
January 1768: In 1767, the Burmese armies led by King Hsinbyushin invaded and occupied eight Chinese Shan States within Yunnan. This military action was part of Burma's expansionist policies in the region, leading to tensions with the Qing Dynasty of China.
2.1.3.Third Chinese invasion of Burma
Was the invasion of Burma by the Qing Dynasty, the second of four that form the Sino-Burmese War (1765-1769).
2.1.3.1.Chinese Attack
Was the Chinese invasion of Burma in 1767.
January 1768: Battle of Goteik Gorge: The Chinese victory cleared the way for the main Chinese army to Ava, the Burmese capital.
2.1.3.2.Burmese counter-attack
Was the Burmese counterattack against the Chinese invasion of 1767.
April 1768: The Battle of Maymyo in 1768 marked the end of the Third Qing Invasion of Burma, led by the Qing Dynasty of China. The battle was fought in March and resulted in the occupation of all regions by the Qing forces.
April 1768: In early 1768 two Burmese armies led by Maha Thiha Thura and Ne Myo Sithu succeeded in retaking Hsenwi.
Were a series of Burmese invasions of the Kingdom of Assam in the first halph of the XIX century.
3.1.Third Burmese invasion (Assam)
Was a Burmese invasion of the Kingdom of Assam.
March 1821: In 1819, Bagyidaw became the king of Burma and decided to annex Assam. He sent Mingimaha Tilwa, a Burmese military commander, to Assam in February 1821 to carry out the military occupation of the Kingdom of Assam.
January 1822: Guwahati conquered by Ahom Kingdom.
March 1822: Ahom king Sudingphaa pitched his camp at Mahgarh, near Jorhat.
May 1822: Mingi Maha Bandula attacked and defeated the forces of Chandrakanta in April 1822. Chandrakanta then fell back to Guwahati.
August 1822: He was defeated and had to further retreat into the British territory. After this victory, the Burmese declared Mingimaha Tilwa the Raja of Assam and brought an end to the sovereign Ahom rule in Assam.
Were a series of wars fought by the British East India Company in the Indian Subcontinent that resulted in the British conquest and colonial rule of the region.
4.1.British War with Burma to annex Manipur
Was an armed conflict between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Manipur.
February 1826: The conflict between Britain and Burma, known as the First Anglo-Burmese War, was sparked by the discovery of Burmese plans to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal. This led to Britain declaring war on Burma on 5 March 1824.
February 1826: The Kingdom of Manipur was caught in the middle of the First Anglo-Burmese War when Britain declared war on Burma in 1824. The conflict arose after British forces discovered Burmese intentions to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal.
4.2.Anglo-Burmese Wars
Were a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. After the third and last war, Burma was annexed to British India.
4.2.1.First Anglo-Burmese War
Was the first of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma lost territories in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan.
4.2.1.1.Western theatre (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in western Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
May 1824: Battle of Ramu.
4.2.1.2.Burma interior Campaign (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in the interior of Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
November 1824: Burmese general Bandula commanded a force of 30,000 massed outside Yangon.
January 1826: Battle of Prome.
February 1826: Battle of Prome.
4.2.1.3.Treaty of Yandabo
Was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. .
February 1826: The Treaty of Yandabo ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty resulted in the cession of Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Rakhine, and Tenasserim to the British.
October 1776: The Burmese-Siamese War of 1775-76 was a conflict between the Kingdom of Burma and the Kingdom of Siam. During this war, Siam, under the leadership of King Taksin, successfully gained control of the territories of Chiang Mai, Lampang, and Lamphun from Burma. This marked a significant victory for Siam in the ongoing power struggle between the two kingdoms.
October 1776: The Burmese-Siamese War of 1775-76 was a conflict between the Kingdom of Burma and the Kingdom of Siam. As a result of the war, Siam gained control of the territories of Chiang Mai, Lampang, and Lamphun, which were previously under Burmese rule. This victory was a significant turning point in the history of the region, solidifying Siam's power and influence in northern Thailand.
February 1826: The British forces, led by General Sir Archibald Campbell, defeated the Burmese forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1826. As a result, Burma was compelled to cede the territories of Arakan, Manipur, Assam (former Ahom Kingdom), and Tenasserim to the British East India Company. The British evacuated the remnant Burmese territories.
February 1826: Territorial change based on available maps.
Disestablishment
January 1826: Battle of Prome.
February 1826: Battle of Prome.
February 1826: The conflict between Britain and Burma, known as the First Anglo-Burmese War, was sparked by the discovery of Burmese plans to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal. This led to Britain declaring war on Burma on 5 March 1824.
February 1826: The Kingdom of Manipur was caught in the middle of the First Anglo-Burmese War when Britain declared war on Burma in 1824. The conflict arose after British forces discovered Burmese intentions to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal.
February 1826: Territorial change based on available maps.
February 1826: The Treaty of Yandabo ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty resulted in the cession of Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Rakhine, and Tenasserim to the British.
February 1826: The British forces, led by General Sir Archibald Campbell, defeated the Burmese forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1826. As a result, Burma was compelled to cede the territories of Arakan, Manipur, Assam (former Ahom Kingdom), and Tenasserim to the British East India Company. The British evacuated the remnant Burmese territories.
Selected Sources
Maung, H. A. (1967): A History of Burma, New York (USA) and London (UK), p. 169
Maung, H. A. (1967): A History of Burma, New York (USA) and London (UK), pp. 169-170
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Burma (Military Occupation)
