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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Romania that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
February 1878: After the disbandment of the siege army of Pleven, the Romanians concentrated their attention on the fortress of Vidin, on the Danube, in which 12,000 Turks with abundant means of defense had taken refuge. Although it was on the verge of surrendering several times, the fortress only surrendered on February 23, 1878.
March 1878: The Treaty of San Stefano was signed by Russia and the Ottoman Empire, with British and Austrian representatives present. It was negotiated by Russian statesman Count Nikolay Ignatyev and Ottoman Grand Vizier Mehmed Said Pasha. The treaty aimed to create a large Bulgarian state, but was later revised by the Congress of Berlin.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire, and including Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
1.1.Danubian Theatre
Was the Danubian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
1.2.Treaty of San Stefano
Was a treaty between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire that ended the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). The Ottoman Empire recognized the independence of Montenegro, Romania and Serbia.
Were two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912-1913 during which the states of the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) first conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace from the Ottomans and then clashed with each other over the division of the conquered lands.
2.1.Second Balkan War
Was a war fought by Bulgary against a coalition of Balkan states. During the First Balkan War the Balkan League had conquered most of the Ottoman Balkan territories. Bulgaria was dissatisfied by the territorial partition and invaded its former allies.
2.1.1.Romanian intervention (Second Balkan War)
Was a Romanian military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.
July 1913: On the day of Romania's declaration of War, 80,000 men of the 5th Corps under General Ioan Culcer invaded Dobruja, occupying a front from Tutrakan to Balchik.
July 1913: The Romanian cavalry occupied the port city of Varna.
July 1913: On the night of 14-15 July, the Danube Army under Prince Ferdinand of Romania crossed into Bulgaria at Oryahovo, Gigen and Nikopol.
July 1913: On 18 July, Romanian forces occupied the city of Ferdinand, which is known today as Montana.
July 1913: On 20 July Greek forces occupied Vratsa.
July 1913: Romanian cavalry forces entered Vrazhdebna.
2.1.2.Treaty of Bucarest
Was the treaty that ended the Second Balkan War.
August 1913: In 1913, as a result of the Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria ceded southern Dobruja to Romania.
August 1913: Bulgarians stopped the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at Kalimanci.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
3.1.World War I eastern Front
Was the theatre of war in eastern Europe during World War I.
3.1.1.Romania during World War I
Romanian theatre of World War I.
3.1.1.1.Battle of Transylvania
Was the first major operation of Romania against Austria-Hungary during World War I.
3.1.1.2.Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
Was a Romanian intervention in Bessarabia during the Russian Civl War.
January 1918: The Front Section of the Rumcherod Bolsheviks entered Chișinău. The Moldavian legislative council Sfatul Țării requested military assistance from Romania. On 26 January, the Romanian Army captured Chișinău.
February 1918: With the help of Moldavia's improvised combat units, the Romanians pacified Hotin, Ismail, Tighina and Cetatea Albă. The last detachments of Communist revolutionaries were driven over the Dniester and out of the country on 20 February.
April 1918: Bessarabia, which had declared itself as the Moldavian Democratic Republic in 15 December, united with Romania on 9 April 1918.
3.1.2.Kerensky Offensive
Was the last Russian offensive of World War I. Starting on July 1, 1917 the Russian troops attacked the Austro-Germans in Galicia, pushing toward Lviv.
July 1917: The Russians retreated about 240 kilometers in the territory of modern-day Ukraine.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
4.1.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
August 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
4.1.1.Operation Barbarossa
Was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies.
4.1.1.1.Operation München (Bessarabia)
A joint German-Romanian offensive during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before.
July 1941: On July 5, Chernivtsi, the capital of northern Bukovina, was captured by the Romanian 3rd and 23rd Vânători Battalions.
July 1941: On July 16, after heavy fighting, Kishinev, the capital of Bessarabia, was taken by the Romanian 1st Armored Division (Divizia 1 Blindată).
August 1941: On August 17, Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were officially reintegrated into the Romanian state.
4.1.2.Battle of Romania
The Soviet Operations to drive out the Axis powers from Romania during World War II.
September 1944: Soviet advance in Romania on 8 September 1944.
4.1.2.1.Jassy-Kishinev Offensive
Was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces in Eastern Romania during World War II.
August 1944: Troops of the USSR 7th Guards Army stormed Bacău and the 40th Army took Târgu Neamț.
August 1944: Focsani falls to troops of Second Ukrainian Front. Galati, third largest city in Rumania and chief port on the Danube, to those of Third Ukrainian Front.
August 1944: Tolbukhin's troops took the port cities of Brăila and Sulina on August 28.
August 1944: The evacuation of the encircled enemy on the left bank of the Prut River was completed by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front by August 29.
Disestablishment
August 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
August 1944: Troops of the USSR 7th Guards Army stormed Bacău and the 40th Army took Târgu Neamț.
August 1944: Focsani falls to troops of Second Ukrainian Front. Galati, third largest city in Rumania and chief port on the Danube, to those of Third Ukrainian Front.
August 1944: Tolbukhin's troops took the port cities of Brăila and Sulina on August 28.
August 1944: The evacuation of the encircled enemy on the left bank of the Prut River was completed by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front by August 29.
September 1944: Soviet advance in Romania on 8 September 1944.
Selected Sources
Russian Balkan And Baltic Campaigns, 19 August-31 December 1944. United States Military Academy West Point. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://s3.amazonaws.com/usma-media/inline-images/academics/academic_departments/history/WWII%20Europe%20Med/WWIIEurope31.jpg
Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.257
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Romania (Military Occupation)
