This article is about the specific polity Duchy of Mantova and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
Was a signoria, and later a marquisate and a duchy, of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lombardy. It was ruled by the House of Gonzaga. It ceased to exist when the last Gonzaga died without heirs in 1708.
Establishment
January 1531: Federico II Gonzaga is declared Duke of Mantova by Charles V.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of conflicts covering the period between 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France, and their Habsburg opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain.
1.1.Italian War of 1551-1559
Was one of the so-called Italian Wars.
1.1.1.Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis
Was the treaty that ended the Italian War of 1551-1559, the last of the Italian Wars (1494-1559).
January 1556: In 1555, during the Italian Wars, the March of Montferrat was occupied by French troops. However, the Cateau-Cambrésis treaty returned the territory to Guglielmo Gonzaga, the Duke of Mantua.
April 1559: In 1559, the March of Montferrat was returned to Guglielmo Gonzaga, who was the Duke of Mantua at the time. This decision was part of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, which ended the Italian War of 1551–1559.
January 1560: The Duchy of Mantova acquires Alba after the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis .
Was a war of succession from 1613 to 1617 over the Duchy of Montferrat in northwestern Italy.
May 1613: In 1613, the Duke of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I, launched a military campaign to expand his territory. His forces successfully attacked and occupied the towns of Alba, Moncalvo, and Trino.
June 1615: Treaty of Asti of June 21, 1615.
October 1616: Charles Emmanuel I sent a new army supported by French forces in September 1616, using as an excuse the fact that Spain was not respecting the terms of the agreement ( also due to the new governor of Milan, don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Colonna, who was against the agreement reached in Asti). The Savoy forces initially defeated the Spanish and took Alba.
September 1617: After a treaty was signed in Paris, Spanish and Savoiard forces left the regions occupied during the War of the Montferrat Sucession.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
3.1.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
3.1.1.Thirty Years' War Minor Scenarios
A series of conflicts related to the Thirty Years' War.
3.1.1.1.War of the Mantuan Succession
Was a war over the succession of the Duchies of Mantua and Montferrat after the death of the last male heir of the House of Gonzaga.
June 1628: Charles-Emmanuel laid siege to Casale, the capital of Montferrat, in 1628. This led to tensions and conflicts over territorial control in the region.
June 1628: In the spring of 1628 the Savoy army occupied Trino, Alba and Moncalvo, the cities of Monferrato assigned to them by the Treaty of partition.
March 1629: In March 1629, the French forces led by King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu stormed barricades blocking the Pas de Suse, allowing them to lift the siege of Casale in the Duchy of Mantova. This marked a significant victory for the French in the ongoing conflict in Italy.
January 1630: In 1629, Emperor Ferdinand II sent a Landsknecht army to besiege Mantua. Charles left without the promised support from Louis XIII of France. The siege lasted until July 1630, when the city, already struck by a plague, was brutally put to the sack for three days and three nights by troops led by Count Aldringen and Gallas.
October 1630: On October 13, 1630, with the treaty of Regensburg, Ferdinand II (now under the threat of the Swedish invasion) and the French ambassadors agreed for the recognition of the succession of Charles of Nevers, the cession of Pinerolo and Casale to Spain and the French commitment not to enter into anti-Habsburg alliances.
January 1631: The military occupation of Mantua ended in 1630, as Ferdinand II had to focus on the war in Germany.
April 1631: Cesare II Gonzaga, duke of Guastalla and son of Ferrante, obtained Luzzara and Reggiolo.
April 1631: Peace of Cherasco on 6 April 1631: Ferdinand II recognized Charles of Nevers as the legitimate successor of Vincent II, who however had to cede to Victor Amadeus I, new duke of Savoy who succeeded his father after the latter's death, many lands of Monferrato (in particular Trino and Alba).
3.1.2.First Genoese-Savoyard War
Was the theatre of war in Liguria during the Thirty Years' War.
September 1625: In 1625, the Spanish army occupied Acqui, a town in Italy.
November 1625: By October the Republic of genoa recuperated all the territories lost to the French (with the exception of the castle of La Penna) and additionally conquered Oneglia, Ormea, and a number of localities in Piedmont.
3.2.Nine Years' War
Was a conflict between France and the Grand Alliance, a coalition including the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, England, Spain, and Savoy. It is considered the first war that saw fighting globally because battles occured in Europe, America, Africa and India.
3.2.1.Italian Theatre (Nine Years' War)
Was the Italian Theatre of the the Nine Years' War.
July 1695: Casale (Casal Monferrato) surrendered to Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, in 1695.
3.2.2.Peace of Ryswick
Were a series of treaties that ended the Nine Years' War.
September 1697: Peace of Ryswick: Status quo ante bellum, Savoiard forces leave the regions occupied in the Duchy of Mantova.
The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters. It was a global war, with fighting taking place in Europe, Asia, and America. At the end of the war, Philip II, who was the successor chosen by Charles II as a descendant of Charles' paternal half-sister Maria Theresa, became King of Spain and of its overseas empire. The Spanish possessions in Europe were partitioned between various European Monarchies.
4.1.French campaign in Spanish possessions
Were a seris of French military actions to occupy Spanish possession in order to support the Spanish king (who was a grandchild of the French King Louis XIV).
March 1701: In February 1701, the Duchy of Mantua, along with the Duchy of Milan, declared their support for Philip, the grandson of Louis XIV, who was declared king of Spain in the will of Charles II of Spain. As a result, French troops were accepted into the territory, leading to a military occupation by France.
4.2.Italian Theatre (War of Spanish Succession)
Was the theatre of war of the War of the Spanish Succession in Italy.
March 1707: The Convention of Milan of March 13, 1707, ensured the uncontested Austrian possession of the Duchies of Milan and of Mantua.
April 1533: The male line of the Paleologi finally died out in 1533, with the death of Giovanni Giorgio Paleologo, and the marquisate passed to his niece Margherita, who ruled together with her husband Federico II Gonzaga, duke of Mantua.
January 1549: The March of Monferrato conquers Incisa.
November 1577: Foundation of the Duchy of Sabbioneta by Vespasiano Gonzaga.
January 1708: The slow decline of Mantua began, accompanied by the decline of the lordship of the Gonzagas who, in 1707, left the city in Austrian hands.
January 1709: The Duchy of Savoy conquers the March of Monferrato.
January 1736: The Duchy of Mantova conquers Tassarolo.
Disestablishment
January 1737: The Duchy of Savoy conquers Tassarolo.
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Duchy of Mantova
