This article is about the specific polity Western Roman Empire and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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The Western Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its western provinces during Late Antiquity. It originated in 395 AD with the final division of the Empire after the death of Theodosius I. The Empire probably divided because it was too large to be administered from one center of power. Unlike its eastern counterpart, it ceased to exist in 476 when Odoacer overthrew the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus.
Establishment
January 395: Before Roman emperor Theodosius' death, he divided the Empire between his two sons: the eastern part went to Arcadius, the western part to Honorius. This division was, from a formal point of view, only administrative, since the Empire was still one, but it was also an important event in Roman history, as never again did an emperor reign over the West and the East at the same time.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
After the death of Theodosius I, the last Emperor of the whole Roman Empire, the empire was divided between his two sons in a Western and Eastern part.
The Hasdingi Vandals left their territoris in Pannonia to flee the Hunnic invasion.
January 401: The Hasdingi Vandals left Pannonia around 400, driven to colonize new lands by the advance of Hun troops.
Were a series of conflicts that saw the Huns, an invading tribe probably from Central Asia, fighting against the Romans as well as the Germanic tribes of Europe.
3.1.Hunnic Invasion of Europe
The Huns invaded Europe starting with the Ukrainian Steppe.
3.1.1.Thuringia is conquered by the Huns
The Huns conquered the territories occupied by the Thuringians.
January 401: After the death of King Gunther, the Thuringians were conquered by the Huns under the leadership of Attila the Hun in 400 AD. This marked the beginning of Hunnic rule over the Thuringian territories in present-day Germany.
3.2.Hunnic Expansion
Were the expansion wars of the Huns, who established a vast, but short-lived, dominion in Europe.
January 433: The king of the Huns Rugila greatly expanded the Hunnic Empore. The Huns achieved supremacy over their rivals, many of them highly civilized, thanks to their military prowess, mobility and weapons such as the Hunnic bow.
3.2.1.Cession of Pannonia and Valeria to the Huns
In exchange of military help, the Romans ceded Pannonia and Valeria to the Huns.
January 436: Aware that to face such threats he needed external help, Aetius turned to the Huns, who had already helped him in the struggles for power in 425 and 433 and who continued to provide him with military aid in Gaul: to obtain their support, However, Aetius had to cede Pannonia and Valeria to them around 435.
3.3.Hunnic Invasion of Gallia
Invasion of Gaul by the Huns under king Attila.
January 452: Honoria, the sister of Roman Emperor Valentinian III, sent a plea for help to Attila, King of the Huns, along with her ring. Attila interpreted this as an offer of marriage, and he claimed half of the Western Roman Empire as her dowry. Subsequently, the Huns invaded northern Gaul, where they occupied several major European cities, including Reims, Strasbourg, Trier, and Cologne.
February 452: Attila was defeated by Roman General Flavius Aetius in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. The Huns left the Roman territories they had occupied in Gaul and central Europe.
3.4.Hunnic Invasion of Italy
Invasion of the the Italian Peninsula by the Huns under king Attila.
January 453: In 452, Attila, still under the effects of the heavy defeat, but in no way subdued, invaded Italy, perhaps to still claim the wedding with Honoria, sacking and destroying Aquileia, Milan and other cities. However, his army was decimated by hunger and disease, while the Po Valley, devastated, was unable to support the barbarian horde. Furthermore, the Eastern Empire had sent military aid to Aetius against the Huns. Attila, in turn debilitated and fearing the arrival of aid from the Eastern Empire, accepted the truce proposed to him by an embassy of Valentinian III.
February 453: In 452, Attila, still under the effects of the heavy defeat, but in no way subdued, invaded Italy, perhaps to still claim the wedding with Honoria, sacking and destroying Aquileia, Milan and other cities. However, his army was decimated by hunger and disease, while the Po Valley, devastated, was unable to support the barbarian horde. Furthermore, the Eastern Empire had sent military aid to Aetius against the Huns. Attila, in turn debilitated and fearing the arrival of aid from the Eastern Empire, accepted the truce proposed to him by an embassy of Valentinian III.
Were a series of conflicts between the Roman Empire and the Goths.
January 403: Pannonia and Dalmatia conquered by Kingdom of the Ostrogoths.
4.1.Gothic War (401-403)
Was a war between the invading Visigoths and the Roman Empire.
January 402: In 401, the Visigothic king Alaric invaded Northern Italy up to Pollenza.
February 402: Visigothic king Alaric was defeated by the Roman general Stilicho at the Battle of Pollentia on April 6, 402.
July 402: The second invasion in 402 was led by the Visigoths under King Alaric I, who were defeated by the Roman army at the Battle of Verona. This marked a significant victory for the Roman Empire in their efforts to defend northern Italy from barbarian invasions.
August 402: The second invasion in 402 was led by the Visigothic king Alaric I against the Western Roman Empire. The Battle of Verona resulted in a decisive victory for the Romans, led by the general Stilicho, who successfully defended the territory in northern Italy.
4.2.Sack of Rome (410)
The sack of Rome on 24 August 410 AD was undertaken by the Visigoths led by their king, Alaric. This was the first time in almost 800 years that Rome had fallen to a foreign enemy.
August 410: In 410, Rome was invaded by the Visigoths led by King Alaric. The invaders plundered the city for three days, looting temples, public places, and private homes. This event marked a significant decline in the power and prestige of the Roman Empire.
September 410: End of the Visigothic Sack of Rome of 410.
4.3.Gothic War (458)
Visigoths under Theodoric II fought against the Western Roman Empire under Majorian.
November 458: In late 458 Majorian entered Septimania (now southern France) to attack Theodoric and reclaim the province for the empire. Majorian defeated Theodoric at the Battle of Arelate, forcing him to abandon the territory.
The Western Roman Empire briefly occupied Epirus, a territory which was part of the Eastern Roman Empire at the time.
January 406: In 406, Stilicho, a general of the Western Roman Empire, allied with Alaric, a Visigothic leader, to invade Epirus in the Eastern Roman Empire.
February 406: Stilicho's plans to conquer Epirus were thwarted by barbarian invasions, forcing him to leave the region.
Constantine III was a common Roman soldier who was declared Emperor in Roman Britain and Gaul.
January 407: In the last months of 406, the lack of attention paid by the government of Honorius to Britain, increasingly threatened by the incursions of barbarian invaders and pirates, prompted the British legions to revolt acclaiming the general Flavius Claudius Constantine as emperor. These managed to temporarily block the advance of the barbarians and to take control of a large part of the Empire: Gaul, Spain and Britain.
At the end of 406 AD a large group of Alans, Suebi and Vandals invaded the Roman Empire.
January 408: A barbarian horde of extraordinary proportions, made up of Vandals, Alans and Suebi, driven westward by the Huns, crossed the frozen Rhine and penetrated into Gaul.
The Visigoths occupied Noricum.
January 408: Stilicho's non-arrival in Epirus also prompted, in 408, Alaric to move to Noricum, threatening to invade Italy if the request for a payment of 4,000 pounds of gold for services rendered, or arrears for the Gothic army all the time they spent in Epirus waiting for Stilicho.
February 408: Stilicho's non-arrival in Epirus also prompted, in 408, Alaric to move to Noricum, threatening to invade Italy if the request for a payment of 4,000 pounds of gold for services rendered, or arrears for the Gothic army all the time they spent in Epirus waiting for Stilicho.
The Alans, Suebi and Vandals occupied and partitioned the Iberian Peninsula.
November 409: In the last months of 409 Vandals, Alans and Suebi, entered Spain, subjecting it for the most part. According to the testimony of the Spanish chronicler Hydatius, the Vandals, the Alans and the Swabians divided up the territories conquered in Spain by drawing lots.
Constantine III, Roman usurper in Britain, and Maximus, an usuper in Spain, were defeated by the Roman Emperor Honorius.
January 412: Deprived of his major supporter, Maximus reportedly fled to sanctuary "amongst the barbarians in Hispania.
January 412: Siege of Arelate.
Was a revolt by General Constantine III who took control of the Western Roman Empire.
January 412: In 411 the political-military situation finally reached a breaking point. The armies of Maximus and Gerontius inflicted a disastrous defeat on those of Constantine at Vienne, capturing and executing Augustus Constans II himself and finally besieging Constantine at Arelate (modern Arles).
January 413: Gallia up to Arles conquered by Western Roman Empire after Maximus is defeated by Roman general Flavius Constantius.
Was a military campaign by emperor Honorus to reconquer the Iberian peninsula from the Alans, Suebi and Vandals.
January 415: After a war with the Romans the Goths were sent to the Iberian peninsula to wipe out the barbarian kingdoms created there. Once these successes were achieved, the Hispanic provinces of Lusitania, Carthaginian and Baetica returned to precarious Roman control.
The Visigoths were allowed to create a foederati kingdom in Aquitania.
January 419: After the invasion of Italy, the Goths invaded Gaul, where, after ups and downs, they reached a peace agreement with the Empire, obtaining permission from the Emperor Honorius to settle as Foederati in Aquitania.
The Roman province of Gallia Belgica was occupied by Germanic tribes.
January 421: The Franks, together with the Burgundians and the Alemanni, settled in the area around the Rhine.
Was a Roman military campaign against the Vandals and the Alans that had occupied Galicia.
January 421: A new Vandal-Alana coalition attempted to expand into Galicia to the detriment of the Swabians, forcing the Romans to intervene in 420: the Vandals were forced to abandon Galicia, migrating to Baetica.
January 423: In 422, the Roman-Visigothic coalition, led by General Castino, attempted to annihilate the Vandals-Alani in a pitched battle, but the defection of the comes Africae Bonifacio due to a quarrel with Castino and an alleged betrayal by the Visigoths resulted in a catastrophic defeat . When the expedition failed, Castino was forced to retire to Terragona and, subsequently, to return to Italy.
February 423: In 422, the Roman-Visigothic coalition, led by General Castino, attempted to annihilate the Vandals-Alani in a pitched battle, but the defection of the comes Africae Bonifacio due to a quarrel with Castino and an alleged betrayal by the Visigoths resulted in a catastrophic defeat . When the expedition failed, Castino was forced to retire to Terragona and, subsequently, to return to Italy.
The Vandals occupied the southern Iberian peninsula.
January 426: The struggles for obtaining the rank of general of the Empire between Aetius, Boniface and Felix (which lasted until 433) partially distracted the central government from the fight against the Barbarians, facilitating their successes. The Vandals thus had the green light to raid and occupy southern Spain, with the capture of Seville and Cartagena and the devastation of the Balearic Islands (425).
The Visigoths, that controlled Aquitania as foederati of Rome, tried to expand into southern France but were stopped by the Romans.
January 426: In those years the Visigoths expanded their conquests and in 425 they arrived as far as the walls of Arles, where an army arrived under the command of Ezio, who forced them to flee. After further fighting, peace was reached in 426 which forced the Goths to return to their assigned provinces.
February 426: In those years the Visigoths expanded their conquests and in 425 they arrived as far as the walls of Arles, where an army arrived under the command of Ezio, who forced them to flee. After further fighting, peace was reached in 426 which forced the Goths to return to their assigned provinces.
Was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed due to invasions and secessions. In particular, the period saw the creation of two secessionist states: the Gallic Empire andhe Kingdom of Palmyra.
18.1.Barbarian invasions of the Third Century
Were a series of Barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century.
18.1.1.Invasions of the Juthungi
The Juthungi, a Germanic tribe, invaded Italy in 259-260.
January 430: Invasion of the Juthungi in Raetia.
February 430: Roman general Aëtius defeated the Juthungi tribe in the region of Raetia in 430.
The Vandals invaded North Africa.
January 430: In the meantime the rivalry between Felice (magister militum praesentialis in Italy) and Bonifacio (comes d'Africa) began to produce deleterious effects for the Empire. When in 428 an army landed in Africa, Boniface, in difficulty, would have asked for help from the Vandals of Genseric, who crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to move to his aid. Some modern scholars, however, have believed that the Vandals would have invaded Africa on their own initiative, having the need to settle in a more protected place from the attacks of the Visigoths allies of the Romans.
January 430: The Vandals crossed the Strait of Gibraltar subdued Mauretania (429).
January 431: Part of the former Roman territories in North Africa were not controlled by any polity at this point.
January 431: Numidia conquered by Kingdom of the Vandals.
August 431: The Kingdom of the Vandals captured Hippo.
A series of Barbarian invasions by the Germanic people of the Franks in the territories of the Roman Empire
20.1.Frankish Expansion up to the river Somme
Early expansion campaign of the Franks.
January 433: Clodione recovered and, after defeating the Romans, was soon able to take possession of the city of Cambrai. Having control of the Roman communication route, he advanced occupying the whole country up to the Somme and made Tournai, a city on the Scheldt, the capital of the Sali Franks. Thus began that expansionism and that historical process which would later lead to the formation of today's France.
The Visigoths, that controlled Aquitania as foederati of Rome, tried to expand into southern France but were stopped by the Romans.
January 437: The Visigoths, stationed in Aquitaine, attacked Septimania and the surroundings of Narbonne and Arelate in an attempt to acquire an outlet on the Mediterranean. Meanwhile the Visigoths, in an attempt to acquire an outlet to the Mediterranean, besieged Narbonne in 436, but were forced to lift the siege due to the arrival of the general Litorio with Hun auxiliaries.
February 437: The Visigoths, stationed in Aquitaine, attacked Septimania and the surroundings of Narbonne and Arelate in an attempt to acquire an outlet on the Mediterranean. Meanwhile the Visigoths, in an attempt to acquire an outlet to the Mediterranean, besieged Narbonne in 436, but were forced to lift the siege due to the arrival of the general Litorio with Hun auxiliaries.
King Hermeric further expandend the Kingdom of the Suebi.
January 439: King Hermeric further expandend the kingdom of the Suebi.
The Vandals conquered Carthage, in modern-day Tunisia.
October 439: While Aetius was restoring order in Gaul, in Africa Genseric on 19 October 439 took Carthage, the capital of the Praetorian Prefecture of Africa, definitively putting an end to any semblance of imperial power in the region. Having taken control of the numerous African ports, Genserico also set up his own fleet with which he began to practice piracy.
Were the military campaigns by the King of the Suebi Rechila to expand his domains in the Iberian Peninsula.
24.1.Suebian conquest of Merida
Military campaign by the King of the Suebi Rechila in Merida.
January 440: When King Rechila ascended the Swabian throne in 438, he launched expansionist campaigns against the Empire by occupying Merida.
24.2.Suebian conquest of Mertola
Military campaign by the King of the Suebi Rechila in Mertola.
January 441: Rechila continued his expansionist policy, and in 440 he successfully besieged and forced the surrender of a Roman officer, Count Censorio, in the strategic city of Mértola.
24.3.Suebian conquest of Baetica and Carthaginensis
Military campaign by the King of the Suebi Rechila in Baetica and Carthaginensis.
January 442: With the conquest of Seville, the capital of Baetica, the Swabians managed to bring Baetica and Carthaginian under their control. According to some scholars, however, the Swabian conquest of Baetica and Carthaginian was limited to plundering raids, and the Swabian presence was minute.
24.4.Suebian conquest of Seville
Military campaign by the King of the Suebi Rechila in Seville.
January 442: The following year, in 441, Rechila's armies captured Seville, some months after the death of the old king Hermeric, who had reigned for more than thirty years.
24.5.Defeat of Magister Militum Vitus
The Roman emperor sent magister militium Vitus to reconquer the territories lost by the Empire in the Iberian Peninsula but he was defeated by Suebian king Rechila.
January 447: In 446, the Romans sent the magister utriusque militiae Vitus to the provinces of Baetica and Carthaginian, who, assisted by a large number of Goths, attempted to subdue the Suevi and restore the imperial administration in Hispania. Rechila marched to clash with the Romans, and after defeating the Goths, turned Vito to flight.
February 447: In 446, the Romans sent the magister utriusque militiae Vitus to the provinces of Baetica and Carthaginian, who, assisted by a large number of Goths, attempted to subdue the Suevi and restore the imperial administration in Hispania. Rechila marched to clash with the Romans, and after defeating the Goths, turned Vito to flight.
The Vandals occupied Sicily.
January 441: The Vandalic Kingdom took advantage of the weakness of the Western Roman Empire of Valentinian III, engaged in the wars in Gaul, to plunder and occupy Sicily in 440.
Theodosius II, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, dispatched an expedition to deal with the Vandals in 441.
January 442: Theodosius II, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, dispatched an expedition to deal with the Vandals in 441, however it only progressed as far as Sicily.
The Romans allowed the Burgundians to establish themsleves in the region of Sapaudia.
January 444: Once the Vandal threat was contained, Roman general Flavius Aetius was then able to turn his attention to the north, where he allowed the surviving Burgundians to settle within the limes between the rivers Saone and Rhone, in the region called Sapaudia, founding a new allied Burgundian kingdom that could control the growing menace of the Huns (443).
The inhabitants of Britannia and Armorica expelled the Romans.
January 452: The Armoricans are part of the coalition brought together by Aetius to counter the advance of the Hunnic Empire in Gaul in 451. It seems that then they structure themselves independently of the Roman administration.
The Suebi gave the region of Carthaginensis back to the Romans.
January 453: In an unspecified year between 446 and 455 (perhaps during the peace negotiations in 452) the Suevi had returned the Carthaginian to Rome, given that Idatius narrates that in the year 455 the Suevi sacked the Carthaginian, which "previously the Suevi they had given back to the Romans". It therefore seems evident that after Vitus's campaign some form of Roman control at least over the Carthaginian, if not actually over Baetica, was re-established.
The Visigoths conquered the area of Orleans, in modern-day France.
January 453: Visigothic king Thorismund subjugated the Alans of the Orléans area.
In 453, the Rugii successfully rebelled against the Huns along with other Germanic tribes at the Battle of Nedao, after which they settled in a region presently part of Lower Austria (ancient Noricum), north of the Danube.
January 455: In 453, the Rugii successfully rebelled against the Huns along with other Germanic tribes at the Battle of Nedao, after which they settled in a region presently part of Lower Austria (ancient Noricum), north of the Danube.
Was the third of four ancient sacks of Rome. It was conducted by the Vandals, who were then at war with the usurping Western Roman Emperor Petronius Maximus.
June 455: The third sack of Rome in 455 was carried out by the Vandals, a Germanic tribe led by King Genseric. They were at war with the Western Roman Emperor Petronius Maximus, who had seized power through a coup. The Vandals looted the city for two weeks, taking valuable treasures and causing widespread destruction.
July 455: End of the Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
Was a military campaign of Western Roman Emperor against the Vandals in Sicily and southern Italy.
January 456: Ricimer was a Germanic general and de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire. The Vandals were a Germanic tribe led by King Genseric. The pirate raids were part of the Vandals' conquest of North Africa and Mediterranean territories.
February 456: Ricimer was a Germanic general and de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire. The Vandals were a Germanic tribe known for their piracy and raids in the Mediterranean. Ricimer's successful defense against the Vandals helped maintain control over Sicily and southern Italy for the Western Roman Empire in 456.
Was a battle between the Western Roman empire and the Kingdom of the Suebi.
January 456: Rome then sent ambassadors to the Suevi, obtaining some conditions, but in 455 the Suevi sacked the Carthaginian which they had returned some time earlier to Rome. In response, the new Emperor Avitus and the Visigoths sent a joint embassy, which reminded that the peace established with Rome was also guaranteed by the Goths.
January 456: Suevic king of Gallaecia Rechiar launched a campaign in Tarraconense in 455.
February 456: The Suebian army leaves Terraconenis, returning to Galicia with a large number of prisoners.
February 456: Rome then sent ambassadors to the Suevi, obtaining some conditions, but in 455 the Suevi sacked the Carthaginian which they had returned some time earlier to Rome. In response, the new Emperor Avitus and the Visigoths sent a joint embassy, which reminded that the peace established with Rome was also guaranteed by the Goths.
Was the Visigothic invasion and conquest of territories in modern-day Spain.
November 456: In this period the Basque region ceases to be under Roman control.
November 456: Avitus was willing to take action against the Swabians, who threatened the Tarraconense: he therefore sent the Visigoths to Spain, who, however, if they managed to annihilate the Swabians, plundered the Hispanic territory and seized it to the detriment of the Romans.
The Burgundians expanded their Kingdom southwards.
November 456: In 456, upon the death of the emperor of Gallic origin Avitus, the Burgundians took advantage of the imperial weakness to expand southwards, even reaching the point of taking Lyon, which opened the gates to the invaders.
November 458: With the help of his new foederati, Majorian then penetrated the Rhone valley, conquering it both by force and diplomacy: in fact he defeated the Burgundians and retook Lyon after a siege, condemning the city to pay a large war indemnity.
November 458: In late 458 Majorian led his army, reinforced by a contingent of barbarians, into Gaul, driving Theodoric II's Visigoths from Arelate, forcing them to revert to foederati status and to hand over the diocese of Spain, which Theodoric had conquered three years earlier to name of Avitus.
Gaiseric, King of the Vandals and Alans, attacked and occupied several Mediterranean islands.
January 457: In 456, Genseric, with his fleet, took possession of Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearic Islands.
Western Roman Emoperor Majorian was assassinated and overthrown by Ricimer.
September 461: When Western Roman emperor Majorian was killed on the orders of Ricimer in 461, general Aegidius maintained his own rule in the remnants of Roman Gaul that came to be known as the Domain or Kingdom of Soissons.
September 461: After Roman emperor Majorian's withdrawal from Spain, no other Roman official is attested in the sources in the Iberian Peninsula, making it clear that after 460 Spain was no longer part of the Empire. The Visigoths and the Bugundi took back the territories lost in 458.
September 461: Upon his return to Italy, Majoran was assassinated by order of Ricimer in August 461. Majorian's death meant the definitive loss to the Vandals of Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearic Islands, as well as of Spain to the Visigoths: in fact , after Majorian's withdrawal from Spain, no other Roman official is attested in the sources in the Iberian peninsula, making it clear that after 460 Spain was no longer de facto part of the Empire.
The are of Narbona (France) was donated by the Western Roman Empire to the Kingdom of the Visigoths.
January 463: Agrippino turned to the Visigoths and with their help he fought against Egidio and his Frankish allies, led by King Childeric I: to obtain their support, in 462 Agrippino gave the Visigoths access to the Mediterranean Sea, assigning them the city of Narbonne, separating made Aegidius from the rest of the empire.
Euric, King of the Visigoths, attacked the Western Roman Empire, capturing Hispania Tarraconensis in 472, the last bastion of Roman rule in Spain.
January 470: Euric also attacked the Western Roman Empire, capturing Hispania Tarraconensis in 472, the last bastion of Roman rule in Spain.
Euric, King of the Visigoths, occupied the parts of southern Gaul still controlled by the Western Roman Empire.
January 470: The Visigoths of the new king Eurico took advantage of the defeat in 468. In 469, eager to form a completely independent kingdom from Rome, he invaded the provinces of Gaul still in imperial hands: Anthemius tried to stop the advance of the Visigothic king, allying himself with the Breton king Riothamus, but he was defeated by Euric in 470 Euric then captured Arles and secured control of much of southern Gaul.
The Visigothic Kingdom was formally recognized when the Western emperor Julius Nepos (473-480) signed an alliance with Euric, granting him the lands south of the Loire and west of the Rhone in exchange for military service and for giving back the lands in Provence (including Arles and Marseilles).
January 476: The Visigothic Kingdom was formally recognized when the Western emperor Julius Nepos (473-480) signed an alliance with Euric, granting him the lands south of the Loire and west of the Rhone in exchange for military service and the lands in Provence (including Arles and Marseilles).
After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, Burgundian King Gundobad conquered parts of Gaul.
September 476: After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, King Gundobad allied with the mighty Frankish king Clovis I against the threat of Ostrogoth Theoderic the Great. He was thereby able to secure the Burgundian acquisitions, and compiling the Lex Burgundionum, an Ancient Germanic law code. Later, when Rome was no longer able to afford protection to the inhabitants of Gaul, the Sequani became merged in the newly formed Kingdom of Burgundy.
In 476, the Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, and the Senate sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno.
September 476: On September 4 Germanic foederati under the command of the general Odoacer, conquered the Western Roman capital Ravenna, forced Roman emperor Romulus to abdicate and declared Odoacer king of Italy.
January 430: When Vandals and Alans led by Gaiseric invaded Mauritania from Hispania, the Berbers supported them, causing Roman rule to disappear from the province by 439.
September 475: Orestes, the Magister Militum, turned his forces on Nepos in August 475, forcing him to flee by ship to Dalmatia.
Disestablishment
January 476: The Visigothic Kingdom was formally recognized when the Western emperor Julius Nepos (473-480) signed an alliance with Euric, granting him the lands south of the Loire and west of the Rhone in exchange for military service and the lands in Provence (including Arles and Marseilles).
September 476: After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, King Gundobad allied with the mighty Frankish king Clovis I against the threat of Ostrogoth Theoderic the Great. He was thereby able to secure the Burgundian acquisitions, and compiling the Lex Burgundionum, an Ancient Germanic law code. Later, when Rome was no longer able to afford protection to the inhabitants of Gaul, the Sequani became merged in the newly formed Kingdom of Burgundy.
September 476: On September 4 Germanic foederati under the command of the general Odoacer, conquered the Western Roman capital Ravenna, forced Roman emperor Romulus to abdicate and declared Odoacer king of Italy.
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Western Roman Empire
