rhodes

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Rhodes

Rhodes (Rome)

Establishment

January 407 BC: In 408 BC, the three cities of Rhodes had united to form one state.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Peloponnesian War

Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

1.1.Second Phase - Deceleian War

Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.

January 403 BC: After a prolonged siege by Sparta, Athens surrendered. As a consequence Athens had to form an alliance with Sparta, the Long Walls of the city were demolished, its territory was reduced to just Attica and Salamis and the Delian-Attic league was dissolved.

2. Creation of the Second Athenian League

Creation of the Second Athenian League (a league of ancient Greece).

January 376 BC: Rhodes entered into the Second Athenian League.

3. Wars of Alexander the Great

Were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon (known as Alexander "The Great") from 336 BC to 323 BC. Alexander conquered the Persian Empire and also expanded his kingdom into the Indian Subcontinent.

3.1.Alexander's War in Persia

Were the military campaigns by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in the territories of the Achaemenid Empire.

3.1.1.Conquest of the Achaemenid Empire

Was a military campaign by Alexander the Great King of Macedon in Asia that resulted in the conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.

January 331 BC: Rhodes became part of the rapidly growing Macedonian Empire as Alexander the Great swept through and defeated the Persians in 332 BC, to the great relief of the islands' inhabitants.

4. Cretan War (204-199 BC)

Was fought by King Philip V of Macedon, the Aetolian League, many Cretan cities (of which Olous and Hierapytna were the most important) and Spartan pirates against the forces of Rhodes and later Attalus I of Pergamum, Byzantium, Cyzicus, Athens, and Knossos.

January 199 BC: Rhodes annexed eastern Crete.

5. Macedonian Wars

Were a seris of conflicts between the Roman Republic and Antigonid Macedonia over control of Greece and the eastern Mediterranean Basin. .

5.1.Second Macedonian War

Was a war fought by Rome, allied with the Kingdoms of Pergamons and Rhodes, against Antigonid Macedonia.

January 196 BC: After the Battle of Cynoscephalae, the Nesiotic League passed to Rhodes.

5.2.Third Macedonian War

Was a war fought by Rome against Antigonid Macedonia. The war was won by Rome, and Macedonia was divided in four client states of Rome.

January 167 BC: Lycia was took back from Rhodes in 168 BC. In these latter stages of the Roman Republic, Lycia (Romans) came to enjoy freedom as a Roman protectorate.

January 166 BC: The Nesiotic League, led by the island of Rhodes, lost its independence to the Roman Republic in -167 BC at the end of the Third Macedonian War. This marked the end of Rhodian autonomy and their submission to Roman rule.

6. Roman-Seleucid War

Was a military conflict between two coalitions led by the Roman Republic and the Seleucid Empire. The fighting ended with a clear Roman victory. In the Treaty of Apamea, the Seleucids were forced to give up Asia Minor, which fell to Roman allies.

6.1.Treaty of Apamea

Was a peace treaty conducted in 188 BC between the Roman Republic and Antiochus III, ruler of the Seleucid Empire. It ended the Roman-Seleucid War.

January 187 BC: The Romans sent an army to Greece which defeated Antiochus' army at Thermopylae. This defeat proved crushing, and the Seleucids were forced to retreat from Greece.