Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Ilkhanate)

This article is about the specific polity Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Ilkhanate) and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics

Was a medieval Armenian state centered in the Cilicia region northwest of the Gulf of Alexandretta. During the period of Mongol conquests, it became a mongol vassal, and then a vassal of one of the successor states of the Mongol Empire, the Ilkhanate.

Establishment

January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Mongol Civil Wars

Were a series of wars between the successor states of the Mongol Empire.

1.1.Toluid Civil War

Was a war of succession over the Mongol Empire fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.

1.1.1.Division of the Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire fragmented into four successor states at the beginning of the Toluid Civil War.

2. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

2.1.Mongol-Mamluk Wars

Were a series of wars between the Mongols and the Muslim Dynasties of the Ayyubids and Mamluks.

2.1.1.Mamluk-Ilkhanid War

Was a war between the Ilkhanate, a successor of the Mongol Empire, and the Mamluks.

January 1286: In 1281, following the defeat of the Mongols and the Armenians under Möngke Temur by the Mamluks at the Second Battle of Homs, a truce was forced on Armenia. Further, in 1285, following a powerful offensive push by Qalawun, the Armenians had to sign a ten-year truce under harsh terms. The Armenians were obligated to cede many fortresses to the Mamluks and were prohibited to rebuild their defensive fortifications.

January 1293: Marash, a city in modern-day Turkey, was captured by Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, in 1292.

January 1293: In 1292, it was invaded by Al-Ashraf Khalil, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, who had conquered the remnants of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Acre the year before. Hromkla was also sacked, forcing the Catholicossate to move to Sis. Het'um was forced to abandon Behesni, Marash, and Tel Hamdoun to the Turks.

January 1300: Marash was recaptured by Hethum II, King of Cilician Armenia, in 1299.

January 1305: Marash was finally taken by the Mamluks in 1304.

3. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

January 1291: The Karamanids conquered Anamur from Cilicia Armenians.

January 1295: Aigeai (heute Ayas) 1294-1347.

January 1329: An the Anatolian beylik of the Eretnids succeeded the Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea, Sebastea and Amaseia in Central Anatolia.

Disestablishment

January 1336: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a Christian state established by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk Turks. It became a protectorate of the Mongol Empire in 1245 under the rule of King Hetoum I. The kingdom remained under Mongol and later Ilkhanate control until 1335.