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Data

Name: Passau Prince-Bishopric

Type: Polity

Start: 1000 AD

End: 1803 AD

Statistics

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Icon Passau Prince-Bishopric

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Was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

Establishment


  • January 1000: The Passau Prince-Bishopric acquired Imperial immediacy.
  • Chronology


    Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

    1. Mongol invasions and conquests


    Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

    1.1.Mongol Invasions of Germany

    Were a series of Mongol raids in Germany.

    1.1.1.First Mongol Invasion of Germany

    Was a Mongol raid in the Holy Roman Empire.

  • May 1241: The Mongols invaded the Holy Roman Empire without major clash of arms.The army invaded eastern Germany, and crossed the March of Moravia in April-May 1241.
  • June 1241: The Mongols left eastern Germany and Moravia.

  • 1.1.2.Second Mongol Invasion of Germany

    The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in December 1241 and January 1242.

  • January 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242.
  • February 1242: The Mongols raided eastern Austria and southern Moravia again in January 1242. After the raid, the Mongols left these regions.

  • 2. European wars of religion


    Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.

    2.1.Thirty Years' War

    Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.

    2.1.1.Franco-Swedish Period

    Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.

    2.1.1.1.North German Front (Sweden)

    Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.

  • January 1646: Swedish forces led by Field Marshal Torstensson reached the Danube.
  • September 1646: The exausted Swedish army led by Field Marshal Torstensson left Germany in the early summer of 1646 and returned to Sweden.

  • 3. War of the Spanish Succession


    The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters. It was a global war, with fighting taking place in Europe, Asia, and America. At the end of the war, Philip II, who was the successor chosen by Charles II as a descendant of Charles' paternal half-sister Maria Theresa, became King of Spain and of its overseas empire. The Spanish possessions in Europe were partitioned between various European Monarchies.

    3.1.Dutch and German Theatre (War of the Spanish Succession)

    Was the theatre of war of the War of the Spanish Succession in Germany and the Low Countries.

  • January 1703: In mid-January 1704 the Elector of Bavaria took Passau on the Danube.
  • November 1704: By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to use its resources for the rest of the War of the Spanish Succession.

  • 4. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


    Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.

  • January 1804: The Passau Prince-Bishopric is divided between Bavaria and Salzburg.

  • 4.1.War of the Second Coalition

    Was the second war that saw revolutionary France against most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.

    4.1.1.German Front (War of the Second Coalition)

    Was the German theatre of the War of the Fifth Coalition.

  • December 1800: Austria was defeated by France in the Battle of Hohenlinden (3 December 1800). By december, 25th the French forces were 80 km from Vienna. The Austrians requested an armistice, which French general Moreau granted on 25 December.

  • 4.1.2.Treaty of Lunéville

    Was a treaty between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Empire that formally ended the partecipation of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire in the War of the Second Coalition.

  • February 1801: The Treaty of Lunéville was signed in the Treaty House of Lunéville between the French Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Certain Austrian holdings within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire were relinquished, and French control was extended to the left bank of the Rhine, "in complete sovereignty" but France renounced any claim to territories east of the Rhine. Contested boundaries in Italy were set. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was awarded to the French.

  • 5. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)


  • January 1379: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XIV century.

  • Disestablishment


  • January 1804: The Passau Prince-Bishopric is divided between Bavaria and Salzburg.
  • Selected Sources


  • Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 30-31
  • Fournier. A (1913): Napoleon I. Eine Biographie, Vienna (Austria), p. 255
  • Gagliardo, J. (1980): Reich and Nation: The Holy Roman Empire as Idea and Reality, 1763–1806, Bloomington (USA), p. 192
  • Poole, R.L. (1902): Historical Atlas of Modern Europe, Oxford (United Kingdom), Plate XI
  • Strakosh-Grassmann, G. (1893): Der Einfall der Mongolen in Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1241 und 1242, Innsbruck (Austria), pp. 53-67
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