This article is about the specific polity USSR and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a transcontinental country spanning most of northern Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922. After World War II, the Cold War saw the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union confront the Western Bloc of the United States, with the latter grouping becoming largely united in 1949 under NATO and the former grouping becoming largely united in 1955 under the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union dissolved peacefully in 1991, all its Republics becoming independent countries.
Establishment
December 1922: On 28 December 1922, a conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
December 1922: The TSFSR was one of the four republics to sign the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR establishing the Soviet Union in 1922.
December 1922: In 1922, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was admitted to the Soviet Union.
December 1922: In 1922, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was admitted to the Soviet Union.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
On 28 December 1922, a conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Was a Civil War in Russia that involved varios factions but mainly the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Army in the core Russian territories, as well as a multitude of local secessionist states. At the end of war the Bolsheviks were victorious and established the Soviet Union.
2.1.Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War
Local independence movement caused several secessions and revolts during the Russian Civil War.
2.1.1.Pro-independence and White movements in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War.
July 1924: The Tungus Republic was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state covering mostly Okhotsk region and the eastern regions of the Yakut ASSR from July 1924 to May 1925.
May 1925: The Tungus Republic was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state covering mostly Okhotsk region and the eastern regions of the Yakut ASSR from July 1924 to May 1925.
January 1926: Japan retained the northern half of Sakhalin Island until 1925, ostensibly as compensation for the massacre of about 700 civilians and soldiers at the Japanese garrison at Nikolaevsk-na-Amure in January 1920.
2.1.2.Pro-independence movements in central Asia during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in central Asia during the Russian Civil War.
January 1923: In 1922 the Altai Republic was annexed by the Bolsheviks.
Were a series of military and exploration campaigns where Russia gradually extended into the territories of northeastern Asia.
January 1927: Russian occupation of Arctic islands.
Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.
4.1.World War II (Asia & Pacific)
Was the East Asian, South Asian and Pacific theatre of World War II.
4.1.1.Soviet-Japanese War
Was a conflict during World War II that started when Soviet forces invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.
4.1.1.1.Invasion of South Sakhalin
Was the Soviet invasion of the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island during World War II.
August 1945: Otomari conquered by USSR.
4.1.1.2.Invasion of the Kuril Islands
Was the World War II Soviet military operation to capture the Kuril Islands from Japan in 1945.
September 1945: Habomai conquered by USSR.
4.1.2.Japanese Surrender (World War II)
Were the evacuation of the Japanese forces from occupied territories after the formal surrender of the Empire of Japan.
February 1946: After World War II, the Soviet Union gained control of the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands from Japan. This territorial transfer was confirmed in the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951.
4.2.World War II (Eastern Theatre)
Was the Eastern European theatre of World War II.
February 1942: Soviet offensive in the Rzhev area.
December 1942: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
February 1943: Kursk was retaken by the Soviets.
February 1943: The Red Army occupies Rostov.
February 1943: Hitler arrived at Army Group South headquarters at Zaporizhia just hours before the Soviets liberated Kharkov.
April 1943: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
July 1943: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
August 1943: The Lokot Republic was a semi-autonomous region in Nazi German-occupied Central Russia from 1941 to 1944.
August 1943: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
November 1943: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
December 1943: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
March 1944: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
April 1944: Frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
June 1944: Restoration of the 1940 Romanian-Soviet border. Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia are annexed to the USSR.
August 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
December 1944: Territorial changes based on the known frontline of the eastern front of World War II in that date.
January 1945: Frontline of the Soviet offensive to the Oder in that date.
February 1945: Frontline of the Soviet offensive to the Oder in that date.
March 1945: Frontline of the Soviet offensive to the Oder in that date.
May 1945: On 9 May Soviet troops landed on the island of Bornholm, and after a short fight, the German garrison (about 12,000 strong) surrendered.
4.2.1.Soviet occupation of the Baltic states
Was the Soviet invasion of the Baltic states in the early phase of World War II as agreed by Germany and the USSR in the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
August 1940: Lithuania was incorporated into the Soviet Union.
August 1940: Latvia conquered by USSR.
August 1940: Estonia conquered by USSR.
4.2.2.Invasion of Poland
Was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union. It marked the beginning of World War II.
November 1939: Western Ukraine and Belarus are annexed by the Soviet Union.
4.2.3.German administration of eastern teritories during World War II
Refers to administrative acts of Germany on the organization of militarly occupied territories in eastern Europe during World War II.
July 1941: After the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Białystok Voivodeship, which included the Białystok, Bielsk Podlaski, Grajewo, Łomża, Sokółka, Volkovysk, and Grodno Counties, was "attached to" (not incorporated into) East Prussia.
July 1941: East Galicia was added to the General Gouvernement.
4.2.4.Winter War
The Winter War, also known as the First Soviet-Finnish War, was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. The war began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940.
March 1940: The Finnish Democratic Republic was dissolved upon signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty ending the Winter War and merged into the government of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
March 1940: In the battle of Salla, the Soviets proceeded easily to Salla.
March 1940: Moscow peace treaty: It was signed by the Soviet Union and Finland on March 12, 1940 and ratified on March 21, 1940. It established the new border between the USSR and Finland.
4.2.5.Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina
The Soviet Union had planned to accomplish the annexation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina with a full-scale invasion, but the Romanian government, responding to the Soviet ultimatum delivered on June 26, 1940, agreed to withdraw from the territories in order to avoid a military conflict.
July 1940: The Soviet Union had planned to accomplish the annexation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina with a full-scale invasion, but the Romanian government, responding to the Soviet ultimatum delivered on June 26, agreed to withdraw from the territories in order to avoid a military conflict.
4.2.6.Operation Barbarossa
Was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies.
July 1941: On July 7, Germany occupied Žytomyr and Berdičev.
July 1941: German advances in USSR during Operation Barbarossa by July 9th.
August 1941: The Transnistria Governorate was established, which was not formally annexed to Romania unlike Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.
September 1941: German advances in USSR during Operation Barbarossa during September 1941.
November 1941: The Lokot Republic was established in central Russia by Bronislav Kaminski, a Russian collaborator with the Nazis.
December 1941: German advances in USSR during Operation Barbarossa by December 5th.
4.2.6.1.Baltic Operation
Refers to German operations that lead to the occupation of the Baltic states during the invasion of Russia of World War II.
June 1941: On the evening of June 22, the German 7th Panzer Division (Major General Hans von Funck) got into a major tank battle east of Olita (Alytus).
June 1941: Fighting was fought around Polangen, the Soviet 10th Rifle Division's defenses were breached and it was forced to retreat north.
June 1941: The 8th Panzer Division (General Brandenberger), covered on the left by the 290th Infantry Division, took Georgenburg.
June 1941: The 3rd Infantry Division (motorized) of Germany advanced to Dubissa, where a bridgehead was established at Ariogala in the afternoon.
June 1941: Tauroggen is occupied by German forces.
June 1941: The German 121st Infantry Division attacked in the Wirballen area and was soon engaged in house-to-house fighting in Kibarten.
June 1941: The German XXVIII. Army Corps attacked with the 122nd and 123rd Infantry Divisions near Neustadt and northwest of Sintautai.
June 1941: Heavy losses of Soviet troops during the counterattacks and lack of fuel and ammunition led to the fall of Kaunas and Vilna on June 24.
June 1941: The breakthrough between Mariampol and Kalvarja was forced by the German Army.
June 1941: The German LVI. Army Corps reached the Ukmerge area on 24 June.
June 1941: The front parts of the Soviet 28th Panzer Division (Raseiniai) were wedged and lost 14 tanks and 20 guns, leaving the battlefield on the night of June 24th.
June 1941: German military occupation of Schaulen (today Šiauliai), Lithuania.
June 1941: German motorized corps reached the river at Krustpils on June 26.
June 1941: On the morning of June 26, the 8th Panzer Division (General Brandenberger) and the 3rd Motorized Division (General Jahn) reached the Düna, taking Dünaburg and securing a bridgehead on the right bank of the river.
June 1941: As late as June 28, Libau was occupied by the Germans without any particular resistance.
June 1941: Motorized corps of General Reinhardt reached the western Düna near Jakobstadt and Lievenhof.
June 1941: On June 29, Jelgava (Mitau) was occupied by the German 18th Army.
June 1941: At the end of June, the German 1st Army Corps with the 1st, 11th and 21st Infantry Divisions concentrated on the Düna in the Friedrichstadt area.
July 1941: On July 1, the Soviet 8th Army was further withdrawn to the Gulbene - Lake Lubana line.
July 1941: Ventspils (Windau) was taken by the Germans on July 1st.
July 1941: East of Dünaburg near Kraslava the Düna crossing by the Germans took place on July 3rd.
July 1941: On the evening of July 3, German troops occupied Gulbene.
July 1941: The pushed-off Soviet 42nd Panzer Division held out in the Dagda District until the evening of July 3.
July 1941: Units of the German LVI. motorized corps occupied Rezekne on July 4th.
July 1941: The Germans retook Ostrow.
July 1941: On July 6 the city of Ostrow fell back into German hands.
July 1941: German troops threw back the remnants of the Soviet 41st Rifle Corps across this river and occupied the western part of Pskov.
July 1941: The German 217th Infantry Division, supported by the Navy, took Pernau on 9 July.
July 1941: German forces reached the Dorpat-Pernau line on July 10.
August 1941: On August 5, the German units reached Tallinn.
August 1941: On August 7th, 1941, German forces under the command of Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb reached the coast of the Gulf of Finland at Kunda.
August 1941: On August 27, Admiral W. F. Tributz issued the order to evacuate his naval troops, on this day German troops entered Tallinn.
4.2.6.2.Battle of Białystok-Minsk
Was a German strategic operation conducted by the Wehrmacht's Army Group Centre during the penetration of the Soviet border region. The operation loed to the occupation of Belarus.
June 1941: Minsk, the capital of Belarus, fell to the Wehrmacht.
4.2.6.2.1.German Invasion of Belarus
Was a German strategic operation conducted by the Wehrmacht's Army Group Centre during the penetration of the Soviet border region. The operation led to the occupation of Belarus.
June 1941: By the night of 25 June, the Soviet counterattack was defeated, and the commander of the 6th Cavalry Corps was captured yb the Germans in Grodno.
4.2.6.3.Siege of Leningrad
Was a prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.
June 1941: Riga conquered by germany.
August 1941: The German XXVI. Army Corps reached the Luga sector near Kingisepp on August 17.
August 1941: The Germans Captured Tallinn by August 28.
September 1941: On September 8, the Wehrmacht captured Schlisselburg on the shore of Lake Ladoga.
September 1941: Finns captured the Beloostrov and Kirjasalo salients and conducted defensive preparations.
October 1941: Until mid-October the large Baltic islands were occupied by German forces.
4.2.6.4.Operation München (Bessarabia)
A joint German-Romanian offensive during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before.
July 1941: By the evening of July 4, parts of the German XI. and XXX. Army corps broke through on the Stolnichena, Zaikany, Shuchulia, Kulugar-Sosh and Busila lines and broke through to Balti.
July 1941: On July 5, Chernivtsi, the capital of northern Bukovina, was captured by the Romanian 3rd and 23rd Vânători Battalions.
July 1941: On July 16, after heavy fighting, Kishinev, the capital of Bessarabia, was taken by the Romanian 1st Armored Division (Divizia 1 Blindată).
July 1941: By July 26, Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina were under Romanian-German control.
4.2.6.5.Battle of Kiev
Was the struggle between Germany and the USSR for the area of Kiev during World War II.
July 1941: The German forces managed to break through the fortified Stalin Line in the southeast portion of Zhytomyr Oblast.
July 1941: The Axis ground forces reached the Dnieper tributary Irpin River.
September 1941: German occupation of Kiev.
November 1943: Continuing to advance West of Kiev, Soviet forces take Zhitomir, important rail center.
4.2.6.6.Battle of Smolensk
Was the struggle between Germany and the USSR for the area of Smolenks during World War II.
July 1941: German troops, commanded by Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, conquered the city of Smolensk on July 15, while the battle could be considered concluded on the 26th with the liquidation of the last pockets of Soviet resistance, laying the foundations for the attack towards the capital.
September 1943: Bryansk is liberated by the Red Army during Smolensk operation.
September 1943: After four days of battle, Soviet rifle divisions captured Dukhovshchina.
September 1943: Yartsevo, an important railroad hub near Smolensk, was liberated by Soviet troops.
September 1943: Soviet forces take Smolensk and Roslavl on central front.
4.2.6.7.Battle of Uman
Was the World War II German offensive in Uman, Ukraine, against the 6th and 12th Soviet Armies.
July 1941: Panzergruppe 1 occupied the important strategic point of Bila Tserkva.
August 1941: Battle of Uman.
4.2.6.8.Battle of the Sea of Azov
Was an Axis military campaign fought between 26 September 1941 and 11 October 1941 on the northern shores of the Sea of Azov during Operation Barbarossa.
October 1941: The Germans captured Melitopol and Berdiansk.
October 1941: Germans captured Kharkiv on 24 October.
4.2.6.9.Battle of Moscow - German Offensive
Was the attempt of German troops to conquer Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Soviet Union.
October 1941: Spearheads of the German 3rd and 4th Panzer Groups met at Vyazma.
October 1941: By 13 October 1941, the Wehrmacht had reached the Mozhaisk defense line.
October 1941: German forces captured the city of Kalinin and south Kaluga and Tula.
October 1941: Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets conquered by germany.
October 1941: Naro-Fominsk fell to the Germans on 21 October.
October 1941: Battle of Bryansk.
October 1941: The Germans reached the outskirts of Tula until 26 October.
October 1941: Volokolamsk conquered by germany.
November 1941: The German Third Panzer Army captured Klin after heavy fighting on 23 November.
November 1941: The Germans took Stalinogorsk on 22 November 1941.
November 1941: Solnechnogorsk conquered by germany.
November 1941: Istra conquered by germany.
November 1941: Just northwest of Moscow, the Wehrmacht reached Krasnaya Polyana, little more than 29 km from the Kremlin in central Moscow.
4.2.6.10.Siege of Odessa
Was the siege of the city of Odessa, in the Soviet Union, during the early phase of Operation Barbarossa.
October 1941: Siege of Odessa.
4.2.6.11.Battle of Rostov
Was a battle of the Eastern Front of World War II, fought around Rostov-on-Don between the Army Group South of Nazi Germany and the Southern Front of the Soviet Union.
October 1941: By 17 October 1941 the Mius River was crossed by the 14th Panzer Division and Taganrog was captured by German troops.
November 1941: On 21 November the Germans took Rostov.
November 1941: On 27 November the Soviet 37th Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Anton Ivanovich Lopatin, as part of the Rostov Strategic Offensive Operation, counter-attacked the 1st Panzer Army's spearhead from the north, forcing them to pull out of the city of Rostov.
4.2.6.12.Battle of Moscow - Soviet Counteroffensive
Was the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops against the Germans, that had put Moscow under siege.
December 1941: A Soviet offensive liberated Kalinin and the Red Army reached Klin.
December 1941: Soviet armies retook Solnechnogorsk.
December 1941: The Red army takes Klin.
December 1941: Soviet troops liberated Naro-Fominsk.
December 1941: The Red Army approaches Kaluga, south-west of Moscow (full liberation on 31 December).
January 1942: Maloyaroslavets conquered by USSR.
4.2.6.13.Russian Offensives in Leningrad
Was a prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.
December 1941: Germans retreated from Tikhvin back to the Volkhov River.
January 1944: Red Army units gain ground in Leningrad area. Germans forces pushed 60-100 km away from the city. Enemy is cleared from area between Tosno and Lyuban.
4.2.6.14.Operation Iskra
Was a Soviet military operation in January 1943 during World War II, that succesfully broke the Wehrmacht's siege of Leningrad.
January 1943: Soviet Reconquests from the Germans up to January 22.
January 1943: Schlüsselburg conquered by USSR.
4.2.6.15.Operation Polar Star
Was an operation conducted by the Soviet forces that succeeded in recapturing the Demyansk salient.
February 1943: A Soviet operation succeeded in retaking the Demyansk salient.
4.2.7.Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944, as part of World War II.
December 1941: The Soviet Union withdrew its troops from the leased area in the Hankko peninsula.
4.2.7.1.Operation Silver Fox
Was a joint German-Finnish military operation during the Continuation War on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Soviet Union. The objective of the offensive was to cut off and capture the key Soviet Port of Murmansk.
June 1941: The German 2nd Mountain Division was able to secure the neck of Rybachy Peninsula, while the 3rd Mountain Division was able to penetrate the Soviet lines at the Titovka Valley, capturing a bridge over the river.
July 1941: The initial Finnish advance against its adversary, the 54th Rifle Division, was very successful. III Corps moved swiftly through the Arctic forest and defeated several Soviet regiments. It advanced 64 km to the canal between Lake Pyaozero and Lake Topozero in just 20 days.
4.2.7.2.Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia
Was the Finnish invasion of the region of Carelia in the area of lake Ladoga during the Continuation War.
July 1941: Loimola was captured by the Finnish forces.
July 1941: Soviet resistance on the eastern shore of the Jänisjärvi Lake, and clearing the resistance lasted until July 16.
July 1941: Finnish troops reached the shore of Lake Ladoga at Koirinoja.
July 1941: It took until July 17 for the Finnish VII Corps to finally reach the Jänisjoki River.
July 1941: Finnish forces encircled the defenders and captured Salmi.
July 1941: The Finnish VI Corps reached the 1939 border on July 23.
August 1941: By August 7 Finnish 2nd Division of the II Corps had already reached the shore of lake Ladoga at Lahdenpohja.
4.2.7.3.Finnish invasion of the Karelian Isthmus
Was a military campaign carried out by Finland in 1941 where Finnish forces liberated the Karelian Isthmus.
August 1941: The Finnish 15th Division's managed to capture the town of Hiitola.
August 1941: The Finnish 18th Division captured the town and crossing point of Antrea.
August 1941: The Finnish 18th Division started its crossing of Vuoksi river.
August 1941: Vyborg was captured by Finnish troops.
August 1941: Finnish forces reached the old border with Russia.
4.2.7.4.Finnish invasion of East Karelia
Finnish troops occupied East Karelia during the Continuation War.
September 1941: The Finnish forces captured Olonets on September 5.
September 1941: Finnish advance by Group L reached Svir river.
September 1941: The Finnish 11th Division captured Pryazha.
October 1941: The Finnish forces captured Petrozavodsk.
December 1941: The Finnish spearhead captured the town of Poventsa.
4.2.7.5.Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Offensive
Was a strategic operation by the Soviet on the Karelian Isthmus and East Karelia fronts of the Continuation War, on the Eastern Front of World War II.
June 1944: Soviet units captured frontline trenches and destroyed fortifications, shattering the first Finnish defense line in the Valkeasaari sector.
June 1944: The Soviet 21st Army's offensive reached the partially completed VT-line.
June 1944: Viipuri/Vyborg falls to Soviet forces of Leningrad Front, insuring safety of Leningrad and opening Gulf of Finland to Soviet fleet.
June 1944: The Soviet Union's Karelian Front attacked in the Olonets sector of White Karelia on June 20. Weakened Finnish forces proved unable to stop the offensive which reached Olonets.
June 1944: Petrozavodsk conquered by USSR.
July 1944: The first Karelian Front 7th Army's units reached the U-line.
4.2.7.6.Moscow Armistice
Was an armistice signed by Finland on one side and by the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on September 19, 1944, ending the Continuation War.
September 1944: Armistice signed between Finland on one side, and the Soviet Union and United Kingdom on the other side on September 19, 1944, ending the Continuation War. Karelia, Salla, Petsamo, and Porkkala fell to the Soviets.
4.2.7.7.Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive
Was a major military offensive during World War II, mounted by the Red Army against the Wehrmacht in 1944 in the Petsamo region.
October 1944: Despite intensive planning before the Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive, the initial attack on 7 October immediately met with problems. Poor visibility made it difficult to co-ordinate artillery and fire support, slowing the assault. Nevertheless, after some fierce fighting the Soviets broke through the German lines on the Titovka River.
4.2.8.German Crimean campaign
Was an eight-month-long campaign by Axis forces to conquer the Crimean Peninsula on the Eastern Front of World War II.
November 1941: Simferopol, Feodosiya and Kerch were conquered in quick succession by German forces in November 1941.
July 1942: Sevastopol surrendered to German forces on 4 July 1942.
4.2.9.Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Was the struggle between Germany and the USSR for the control of the Kerch Peninsula during World War II.
December 1941: While German Army Group South continues offensive against Sevastopol, Soviet Caucasian troops make an amphibious assault against Crimea and seize Kerch and Feodosia.
May 1942: In 1942 the Germans occupied the city of Kerč again.
4.2.10.Demyansk Offensive Operation
Was the Soviet operation against a pocket of German troops encircled by the Red Army around Demyansk, south of Leningrad.
January 1942: German gains during the Demyansk Offensive Operation.
February 1942: Demyansk Pocket encircled by Soviet army.
4.2.11.Barvenkovo-Lozovaya Offensive
Was a Red Army operation in northeastern Ukraine on the Eastern Front of World War II.
May 1942: Soviet gains from the Barvenkovo-Lozovaya Offensive.
4.2.12.Case Blue
Was a German offensive whose goal was to capture the oild fields of Baku in the Caucasus.
July 1942: Japanese gains during the New Guinea Campaign.
July 1942: German gains during Case Blue.
July 1942: Battle of Voronezh.
July 1942: Salsk was captured by German forces on 31 July.
August 1942: German gains during Case Blue.
August 1942: Stavropol conquered by germany.
August 1942: The western oil fields near Maikop were seized by German forces in a commando operation from 8-9 August.
August 1942: Maikop falls to German Army Group A.
August 1942: German Army Group A reaches Pyatigorsk.
August 1942: Elista, in the Kalmyk district south of Stalingrad, was taken by German forces on 13 August.
August 1942: German Army Group B presses in steadily on Stalingrad, spearhead reaching the Volga.
August 1942: In the south, the German advance was stopped north of Grozny, after taking Mozdok.
August 1942: From August-September, the Taman Peninsula and a part of the Novorossiysk naval base were captured by the Germans.
September 1942: The Axis enjoyed greater success and on 1 September, the Germans took Khulkhuta, halfway between Elista and Astrakhan.
November 1942: Alagir was seized and the Alagir-Beslan-Malgobek line reached became the farthest German advance in the south.
November 1942: German gains during Case Blue.
4.2.13.Battle of Stalingrad
Was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (today Volgograd) in Southern Russia.
February 1943: On 2 February 1943, the German 6th army, having exhausted their ammunition and food, finally capitulated.
4.2.13.1.Operation Uranius
Was the codename of the Soviet Red Army's 19-23 November 1942 strategic operation on the Eastern Front of World War II which led to the encirclement of the Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad.
November 1942: Red Army advances during Operation Uranus by 19 November.
November 1942: Red Army advances during Operation Uranus by 23 November.
November 1942: Red Army offensive, which continues to gain ground in Stalingrad sector.
4.2.13.2.Operation Winter Storm
A German offensive in December 1942 during World War II whose aim was to break the Soviet encirclement of the German 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad.
December 1942: Red Army advances during Operation Uranus by 12 December.
December 1942: Red Army advances during Operation Uranus by 21 December
December 1942: Red Army advances during Operation Uranus by 23 December
4.2.14.Operation Saturn
Was a Red Army offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II in the Don and Chir rivers region.
January 1943: The Battle of Nikolayevka between the Axis Italian-German forces and Soviet troops , led to a chaotic retreat of the Italian Alpine Division.
February 1943: By February 1st the Italian Alpini retreated to the Kharkov area, where the Axis forces successfully organized a line of defense.
February 1943: The Red army continues to close on Rostov, Kharkov and Kursk.
4.2.15.Third Battle of Kharkov
Was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Army Group South of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov.
February 1943: The Germans successfully surrounded and destroyed a number of Red Army units south of the Samara River.
March 1943: Between 1-5 March the 4th Panzer Army, including the SS Panzer Corps, covered 80 kilometers and positioned itself only about 16 kilometers south of Kharkov.
March 1943: German forces recapture Kharkov.
4.2.16.Operation Büffel
Was a retreat conducted by the German Army Group Centre on the Eastern Front during the period 1-22 March 1943 to shorten the front by 370 km.
March 1943: German retreat to eliminate the Rzhev Salient and shorten the front with the Soviets.
4.2.17.Battle of Kursk
Was the struggle between Germany and the USSR for the control of the Kursk region during World War II.
July 1943: German offensive operation in July 1943 against Soviet forces in the Kursk salient.
August 1943: Soviet counter-offensive in Kursk area.
August 1943: The Red Army captures Orel and Belgorod. The German 2nd Panzer Army is virtually destroyed during the Orel battle.
August 1943: The Red Army reaches the outskirts of Kharkov.
August 1943: After heavy fighting, Kharkov was liberated by the Red Army.
4.2.18.Donbass Strategic Offensive (August 1943)
Was a Soviet military operation with the goal of liberating the Donetsk Basin, or Donbas, from the forces of Nazi Germany.
August 1943: Taganrog was liberated by Soviet troops.
September 1943: Kal'mius River conquered by USSR.
September 1943: Soviet troops liberated Horlivka and Artemivsk.
September 1943: Konstantikovka conquered by USSR.
September 1943: Germans announce evacuation of Stalino.
September 1943: Sovieto liberation of Barvenkovo.
September 1943: Soviet forces driving along edge of Sea of Azov take Mariupol.
September 1943: As a result of a Soviet victory, the German Army had been forced to fall back more than 300 kilometer on the Panther-Wotan line along the Dnieper.
4.2.19.Battle of the Dnieper
Was a military campaign that took place in 1943 in Ukraine on the Eastern Front of World War II.
September 1943: Soviet forces take Sumy.
September 1943: Tschernigow conquered by USSR.
September 1943: Germans announce evacuation of Poltava, their last stronghold in the middle Dnieper.
September 1943: Red Army troops push through Poltava toward Kremenchug.
September 1943: Soviet troops occupy Kremenchug and eastern bank of the Dnieper in that area.
October 1943: On the Dnieper bend, Soviet forces successfully conclude struggle for Zaporodzhe, industrial center of the Ukraine.
October 1943: Dnepropetrovsk was liberated on October 25.
4.2.20.Dnieper-Carpathian Offensive
Was a Soviet strategic offensive whose goal was to clear the German-Romanian-Hungarian forces from most of the Ukrainian and Moldavian territories.
December 1943: Soviet troops of Second Ukrainian Front overrun Cherkassy.
December 1943: The Soviets liberated Kasatin on December 28.
December 1943: Soviet forces overwhelm enemy at Korosten .
December 1943: By December 30, the Soviets were able to reach the new Rovno-Shepetovka-Zhmerinka-Vinnitsa-Hristinovka-Uman line.
January 1944: On January 3, 1944, the Soviets liberated Novograd-Volynsky.
January 1944: On January 4 Belaya Tserkov falls to Soviet forces.
January 1944: Red Army forces overrun Berdichev, rail junction southwest of Kiev.
January 1944: By the end of the operation on January 16, the front line in the eastern theater was east of Smela, west of Kirovograd and north of Novgorodka.
January 1944: Medvin and Boyarka fell into Soviet hands on January 26.
February 1944: Soviet forces liberated the city of Lutsk.
February 1944: On February 3rd, the Soviet 13th Army took the important railway junction of Sdolbunov.
February 1944: Moscow announces major breakthrough by troops of Third Ukrainian Front in region northeast of Krivoi Rog and Nikopol where Apostolovi, rail junction between the 2 places, is overrun.
February 1944: Shepetovka, rail center West of Kiev near prewar Polish border, falls to troops of First Ukrainian Front.
February 1944: The Red Army reached the Ingulez River on February 29.
March 1944: On March 7, Soviet troops crossed the Gorni Tikich River.
March 1944: Soviet forces break into Tarnopol, where prolonged street fighting ensues.
March 1944: Soviet forces on the offensive South-West of Smela capture Uman, German air base.
March 1944: On March 16 the Red Army occupied Bobrines.
March 1944: Forces of First Ukrainian Front make progress SW of Rowno, overrunning Dubno
March 1944: By March 18, 1944, the Soviet advance led by Marshal Georgy Zhukov had reached Kovel, a city in western Ukraine.
March 1944: Mogilov-Podolsky was taken by Soviet forces on March 19th.
March 1944: After three days of heavy fighting, parts of the 32nd Guards Rifle Corps (Lieutenant General A. I. Rodimtzev) entered Pervomaisk.
March 1944: Highway and rail junction of Vinnitsa falls to troops of First Ukrainian Front.
March 1944: On March 23, Czortków was liberated by the Soviet Red Army.
March 1944: On March 26, the Soviet Army liberated Kamenets-Podolsky.
March 1944: Cernauti (Bessarabia) falls to Soviet forces of First Ukrainian Front.
March 1944: The Red Army liberated the town of Balta on March 29.
April 1944: Odessa, important Black Sea port, is liberated by Soviet forces.
April 1944: Tiraspol is liberated by the Red Army.
April 1944: The Soviet 40 Army captured Botoșani.
4.2.21.Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive
Was a Soviet strategic offensive whose goal was to end the German siege of Leningrad.
January 1944: On January 19, the Red Army recaptured Krasnoye Selo and Ropsha from German occupation.
January 1944: On January 30, Pushkin Gatchina fell to the Red Army.
February 1944: The city of Luga was captured by Soviet troops on February 12.
February 1944: On February 15 the Red Army reached the Narva the eastern shore of Lake Peipus.
March 1944: By the end of February, the Soviets reached the Pskov-Ostrov lines of defense.
4.2.22.Red Army Crimean Offensive
Was a series of offensives by the Red Army that ended with the evacuation of Crimea by the Germans.
April 1944: On the morning of April 11, the Soviet 19th Panzer Corps under Major General Vasilyev occupied Dzhankoi.
April 1944: Soviet forces in the Crimea break through enemy defenses on Kerch Peninsula to seize Kerch.
April 1944: Eupatoria, Simferopol and Feodosiya were occupied by USSR forces on April 13.
April 1944: Soviet Independent Maritime Army captures Yalta, in the Crimea.
May 1944: Sevastopol falls to Soviet forces.
4.2.23.Operation Bagration
Was the Soviet offensive against German-occupied Belarus during World War II.
4.2.23.1.Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Vitebsk and Orsha were conquered from the Germans.
June 1944: Red Army overruns Orsha, North-East of Minsk.
June 1944: The Soviets reached the Berezina River by 28 June.
4.2.23.2.Bobruysk Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Bobruysk was liberated.
June 1944: The Red Army envelops Bobruysk.
4.2.23.3.Polotsk Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Polotsk was liberated.
July 1944: USSR Troops of First Baltic Front overrun Polotsk.
4.2.23.4.Minsk Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Minsk was liberated.
July 1944: Minsk falls to Third and First White Russian Fronts.
4.2.23.5.Vilnius Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Vilnius was liberated.
July 1944: Molodechno was taken by Soviet units of the 11th Guards Army, 5th Guards Tank Army and 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps on 5 July.
July 1944: Soviet forces reached Vilnius, held by units of the German 3rd Panzer Army.
July 1944: The city of Vilnius fell to the Red Army on 13 July.
4.2.23.6.Belostock Offensive
Was a Soviet military offensive during World War II where Białystok (Poland) was liberated.
July 1944: Soviet converging columns of Third and Second White Russian Fronts overrun Grodno, rail and road junction on route to East Prussia.
July 1944: The Soviet 3rd Army reached the outskirts of Białystok itself, despite strong resistance from the LV Corps. It stormed the city and took it.
4.2.23.7.Šiauliai Offensive
Was an operation of the Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front, commanded by General Hovhannes Bagramyan, conducted from 5 July to 29 August 1944. It drove German troops from much of Lithuania, with the main tactical objective being the city of Šiauliai.
July 1944: By July 22 Soviet troops had captured Panevežys.
July 1944: On 27 July the Red Army captured Šiauliai and Daugavpils.
August 1944: Soviet troops liberated the cities of Jelgava and Kaunas.
August 1944: Soviet advances during Operation Bagraton and Šiauliai Offensive.
4.2.23.8.Lublin-Brest Offensive
Strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army to clear the Nazi German forces from the regions of Eastern Poland and Western Belarus.
July 1944: Soviet troops of First White Russian Front overrun Lublin.
July 1944: Troops of First White Russian Front overrun Brest Litovsk.
August 1944: By 2 August, the 1st Belorussian Front’s left wing armies seized bridgeheads over the Vistula at Magnuszew (Chuikov's 47th Army) and Puławy.
4.2.23.9.Kaunas Offensive
Was an offensive of the Soviet Red Army to clear the area of Kaunas from German forces.
July 1944: The German resistance on the approaches to the Neman was broken.
July 1944: Using the success of the Tank Corps, the troops of the Soviet 33rd Army entered and secured Vilkaviškis and the railway station of Mariampolė.
4.2.23.10.Osovets Offensive
Was an offensive of the Soviet Red Army to clear the area of Osowiec (Poland) from German forces.
August 1944: Joseph Stalin's Order no. 166 for that day noted the capture of the fortress of Osowiec.
4.2.24.Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive
Was a major Red Army operation to force the German troops out from Ukraine and Eastern Poland.
July 1944: The Soviet Mobile Group advanced quickly, under cover of air support, and over the next three days managed to capture the town of Kamionka Strumilowa.
July 1944: Columns of First Ukrainian Front take Lwow
August 1944: Soviet commander Pavel Rybalko is able to expand the Soviet controlled area in the Lvov-Sandomierz region by a depth of 120 kilometers, capturing the city of Sandomierz.
4.2.25.Battle of Narva
With the Narva Offensive, 24-30 July 1944, the Red Army captured the town of Narva.
July 1944: With the Narva Offensive, 24-30 July 1944, the Red Army captured the town of Narva.
4.2.26.Tartu Offensive
Was the Soviet offensive to clear the Tartu area (Estonia) from the German forces on the Eastern Front of World War II.
August 1944: The USSR Captured the town of Võru on 13 August.
August 1944: Tartu falls to forces of Third Baltic Front.
4.2.26.1.Riga Offensive
Was the Soviet operation to conquer Riga as part of the larger Baltic offensive on the Eastern Front during World War II.
October 1944: Riga was taken by forces of the Soviet 3rd Baltic Front.
4.2.27.Battle of Romania
The Soviet Operations to drive out the Axis powers from Romania during World War II.
September 1944: Soviet advance in Romania on 8 September 1944.
September 1944: By 24 September 1944, nearly all of Romania was under Allied control.
4.2.27.1.Jassy-Kishinev Offensive
Was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces in Eastern Romania during World War II.
August 1944: Troops of the USSR 7th Guards Army stormed Bacău and the 40th Army took Târgu Neamț.
August 1944: Focsani falls to troops of Second Ukrainian Front. Galati, third largest city in Rumania and chief port on the Danube, to those of Third Ukrainian Front.
August 1944: Tolbukhin's troops took the port cities of Brăila and Sulina on August 28.
August 1944: The evacuation of the encircled enemy on the left bank of the Prut River was completed by troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front by August 29.
August 1944: Troops of Second Ukrainian Front overrun Bucharest, capital of Rumania
4.2.28.Baltic Offensive
Was the campaign between the northern Fronts of the Red Army and the German Army Group North in the Baltic States during the autumn of 1944 that resulted in the Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic States.
4.2.28.1.Tallinn Offensive
Was a strategic offensive by the Red Army against the German Army in mainland Estonia on the Eastern Front of World War II.
September 1944: Soviet forces site Tallinn.
4.2.28.2.Moonsund Operation
The Moonsund landing operation was an amphibious operation by the Red Army that cleared the West Estonian archipelago from German troops.
October 1944: Soviet conquest of the island of Moon and part of the island of Ösel.
October 1944: Soviet conquest of the island of Ösel.
November 1944: Soviet conquest of the island of Ösel.
4.2.28.3.Battle of Memel
Was a battle which took place on the Eastern Front during World War II resulting in the Soviet conquest of Klaipėda (Memel).
January 1945: German forces abandon Memel, which is occupied by Soviet forces shortly after.
4.2.29.Lapland War
Was a series of fights between Finland and Germany at the end of World War II when German troops were leaving Finland, which had been a German ally until the end of 1944.
October 1944: German troops were in northern Finland in order to support the country against Russia. Between September 1944 and April 1945 all german soldiers left finland after a series of minor battles.
4.2.30.Battle of Debrecen
Was a battle taking place 6-29 October 1944 on the Eastern Front in Hungary during World War II.
4.2.31.Soviet Invasion of Hungary
Was the Soviet invasion of German-occupied Hungary during World War II.
April 1945: Soviet operations in Hungary ended on 4 April 1945, when the last German troops were expelled.
4.2.31.1.Battle of Budapest
Was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the German-occupied Hungarian capital of Budapest.
October 1944: The Red Army started its offensive against the city of Budapest.
4.2.31.2.Operation Spring Awakening
Was the last major German offensive of World War II. It took place in Western Hungary on the Eastern Front and lasted from 6 March until 15 March, 1945. The objective was to secure the last significant oil reserves still available to the European Axis powers and prevent the Red Army from advancing towards Vienna. It was a failure for Nazi Germany.
March 1945: German occupation of Balaton lake region (line of 15 march).
March 1945: Soviet counterattack in Hungary.
March 1945: Soviet forces continue to advance in Hungary towards Austria.
4.2.32.Gumbinnen Operation
Was a Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front late in 1944, in which Soviet forces attempted to penetrate the borders of East Prussia.
October 1944: Gumbinnen was reached by the Soviets by 22 October.
October 1944: Gumbinnen was retaken by German forces on the 24 October.
October 1944: The Germans lost Gumbinnen on October 25th.
November 1944: The town of Gumbinnen was again taken by the German 5th Panzer Division.
4.2.33.Vistula-Oder Offensive
Was a Soviet offensive were German-held territories of Kraków, Warsaw and Poznań were conquered.
January 1945: The Soviet 69th Army ruptured the last lines of defence and took Radom.
January 1945: The Soviet First Ukrainian Front takes Kielce.
January 1945: First White Russian Front overruns Warsaw, capital of Poland.
January 1945: First Ukrainian Front seizes and Cracow.
January 1945: First White Russian Front takes Łódź.
January 1945: The Red Army reached the Baltic coast of the Vistula delta.
January 1945: The Red Army reached Katowice.
January 1945: The Soviet 2nd Guards Tank and 5th Shock Armies reached the Oder almost unopposed. A unit of the 5th Shock Army crossed the river ice and took the town of Kienitz as early as 31 January.
4.2.34.Soviet Invasion of Slovakia
Was the Soviet invasion of Slovakia near the end of World War II.
January 1945: The Red Army occupied Bardejov, Svidník, Prešov and Košice in eastern Slovakia.
March 1945: On March 3-5 the Soviets took northwestern Slovakia.
March 1945: In Czechoslovakia, troops of Second Ukrainian Front take communications center of Banska Bystrica.
April 1945: Important communications center of Bratislava (Czechoslovakia) falls to troops of Second Ukrainian Front.
4.2.35.East Prussian Offensive
Was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht in East Prussia during World War II.
January 1945: Second White Russian Front seizes Allenstein and Deutsch-Eylau.
January 1945: Rokossovsky's leading tank units had reached the shore of the Vistula Lagoon.
March 1945: Some 15 divisions of the German 4th Army had become encircled on the shore of the Vistula Lagoon in what became known as the Heiligenbeil Pocket. After bitter fighting, these units were finally overcome on 29 March.
April 1945: Organized resistance in East Prussia ends as Königsberg fortress falls to troops of Third White Russian Front
April 1945: In East Prussia, troops of Third White Russian Front overrun Pillau, at tip of Samland Peninsula.
4.2.36.Battle of Küstrin
Was the Soviet offensive against German forces in the area of Küstrin (today Kostrzyn nad Odrą in Poland).
February 1945: On February 2, 1945, Soviet troops occupied the fortress of Küstrin.
4.2.37.Siege of Breslau
Was a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) by Soviet Troops at the End of World War II.
February 1945: In German Silesia, Soviet forces gain ground North-West of Breslau.
May 1945: After a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), fell to the Soviets.
4.2.38.East Pomeranian Strategic Offensive
Was an offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht in Pomerania and West Prussia from 10 February to 4 April 1945.
February 1945: Red Army overruns Schneidemuehl (North-East Prussia).
February 1945: In checkered fighting, Deutsch-Briesen fell into Soviet hands on February 16.
March 1945: As early as March 1, the Soviets had again penetrated east of Koslin to the Baltic Sea.
March 1945: Russian troops reach coast at Koeslin.
March 1945: On March 5th the Red Army reached the Baltic coast and occupied Kammin.
March 1945: Soviet forces led by Marshal Georgy Zhukov occupied Stolpmünde, a town in present-day Poland.
March 1945: On March 8, the 1st Guards Tank Army was temporarily assigned to Rokossovsky's front, parts of the 3rd Guards Tank Corps and the 132nd Rifle Corps of the 19th Army (General Koslow) jointly occupied the town of Stolp.
March 1945: Sopot fell into Soviet hands on March 23.
March 1945: On March 28, the Red Army took Gotenhafen (modern-day Gdynia).
March 1945: Troops of Second White Russian Front complete capture of Danzig.
April 1945: The German formations north-west of Danzig on the Oxhöfter Kämpe and on the Hela peninsula, as well as the German units stationed near Stutthof, continued to resist until April 9, 1945.
4.2.39.Vienna Offensive
Was an offensive launched by the Red Army in order to capture Vienna, Austria, during World War II. .
March 1945: The German bridgehead at Komárom was eliminated by Soviet forces.
April 1945: The Red Army penetrated Klosterneuburg with the 20th and 22nd Guards Tank Brigades.
April 1945: On April 8, Soviet forces also landed on the left bank of the Danube opposite Orth and near Mannsdorf.
April 1945: The German 96th Infantry Division and the 101st Jäger Division had to evacuate Gänserndorf and Angern on April 10th.
April 1945: The Soviet 23rd Panzer Corps (Lieutenant General Akhmanov) occupied Deutsch-Wagram on April 11.
April 1945: Second Ukrainian Front gains ground North of Vienna. Troops of Third Ukrainian Front continue to clear region West of Vienna and overrun Fuerstenfeld, East of Graz.
4.2.40.Battle of Berlin
The German Ninth Army, encircled in a large pocket in the Spree Forest region south-east of Berlin, attempted to break out westwards through the village of Halbe but was defeated.
May 1945: Battle of Halbe: The German Ninth Army, encircled in a large pocket in the Spree Forest region south-east of Berlin, attempted to break out westwards through the village of Halbe but was defeated.
May 1945: Fighting between German and Soviet forces in Berlin.
4.2.41.Prague Offensive
Was the last major military operation of World War II in Europe, fought by the Soviets to liberate Prague. The offensive continued for 2 days after the capitulation of Germany.
May 1945: Troops of Fourth Ukrainian Front overrun Olmütz.
May 1945: Soviet forces finish clearing Czechoslovakia and Austria and begin to mop up isolated remnants.
4.3.World War II (Western Front)
Was the Western European theatre of World War II.
April 1945: The Slovak Republic was abolished after the Soviet occupation in 1945.
4.3.1.Western Allied invasion of Germany
Was the invasion of the western territories of Germany mainly by the United States, United Kingdom, France and Canada at the end of World War II.
April 1945: Final allied military operations in the European theatre of World War II (April-May 1945).
May 1945: Final allied military operations in the European theatre of World War II (April-May 1945).
4.4.World War II (Balkan Theatre)
Was the theatre of conflict of World War II that took place in the Balkans.
4.4.1.Establishment of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). .
October 1944: Partisan-controlled territories in Yugoslavia by september 1944.
January 1945: In late September 1944 three Bulgarian armies, some 455,000 strong in total led by General Georgi Marinov Mandjev from the village of Goliamo Sharkovo - Elhovo, entered Yugoslavia with the strategic task of blocking the German forces withdrawing from Greece. Southern and eastern Serbia and Macedonia were liberated within two months.
January 1945: At the onset of winter, the Partisans effectively controlled the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia - Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro - as well as most of the Dalmatian coast.
4.4.1.1.Partisan offensive in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia
Were a series of partisan offensives against Axis-occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.
April 1945: On 12 April, the Yugoslav 3rd Army, under the command of Kosta Nađ, forced a crossing of the Drava river. The 3rd Army then fanned out through Podravina, reached a point north of Zagreb, and crossed the old Austrian border with Yugoslavia in the Dravograd sector.
4.4.2.Soviet invasion of Bulgaria
Was the Soviet invasion of Bulgaria during World War II.
September 1944: On 8 September, Soviet forces crossed the Bulgarian-Romanian border and on the eve of 8 September garrison detachments, led by Zveno officers, overthrew the government after taking strategic points in Sofia and arresting government ministers.
September 1944: The Soviets established a new communist government in Bulgaria, with Kimon Georgiev as prime minister. The Red Army remained in occupation of Bulgaria until 1947.
4.5.End of World War II in Europe
Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.
May 1945: The entire territory of Germany is occupied by Allied forces.
June 1945: The Third Czechoslovak Republic came into being in April 1945.
August 1945: At the Potsdam Conference the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union placed the German territories (within the 1937 Nazi Germany borders) east of the Oder-Neisse line, and with the exception of parts of East Prussia, as formally under Polish administrative control. The 1919 Versailles Treaty created Free City of Danzig was also placed under Polish administration.
February 1947: Romania was restored to its borders of 1 January 1941, but with Hungary giving Northern Transylvania back to Romania. The loss of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union was confirmed.
4.5.1.The Surrender of German forces
Surrender of German forces at the end of World War II.
May 1945: Soviet forces complete capture of Berlin. German forces surrender.
May 1945: Resistance in Latvia ceases as German Sixteenth and Eighteenth Armies begin surrendering to forces of Leningrad Front.
May 1945: The Soviets forced the German units in Army Group Centre, that were located in Bohemia, to capitulate by 11 May.
4.5.2.Austrian State Treaty
The Austrian State Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state after World War II.
May 1945: In the immediate aftermath of World War II, Austria was divided into four occupation zones and jointly occupied by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France.
4.5.3.Allied occupation of Germany
The Allies occupied Germany, but the Western allies and Soviet Union formed separate governments covering specific parts of Germany (West Germany, as well as West Berlin, and East Germany).
August 1945: The Allies divided Germany into four occupation zones.
Was a series of withdrawals from territories occupied by the Allies during World War II in the aftermath of the war.
April 1946: Soviet forces leave the island of Bornholm on 5 April 1946. The island was occupied since May 1945.
January 1956: Although the Soviet lease for Porkkala had been conceded for 50 years, an agreement was reached to return it earlier. The agreement was signed on September 19, 1955, exactly 11 years after the armistice, and control of the area was handed back to Finland on January 26, 1956.
Are a series of conflicts that are considered to be a consequence of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
6.1.War of Transnistria
Was an armed conflict mainly between pro-Transnistria and pro-Moldovan forces.
6.2.Georgian Civil War
Was a civil war in Georgia shortly after the country had gained its independency from the USSR in 1991.
6.2.1.1991-1992 South Ossetia War
Was a war fought between Georgian government forces and the forces of South Ossetia who wanted the region to secede from Georgia and become an independent state. At the end of the war South Ossetia became de facto independent but is today recognized only by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria.
January 1991: In December 1990, Tbilisi declared a state of emergency in South Ossetia.
January 1991: On the night of 5 to 6 January 1991, the Georgian police force entered Tskhinvali to disarm the Ossetian armed groups. The fighting in Tskhinvali first resulted in a divided town: An Ossetian-controlled western part and a Georgian-controlled eastern part.
March 1991: A temporary ceasefire was agreed and Georgian forces largely withdrew from the city of Tskhinvali.
6.2.2.First Chechen War
Was a war of independence which the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria waged against the Russian Federation from December 1994 to August 1996.
6.2.2.1.Chechen Secession
Was the secession of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Soviet Union at the beginning of the First Chechen War.
Was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full independence.
April 1991: Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991.
August 1991: In Estonoa, the peaceful Singing Revolution resulted in the restoration of de facto independence.
August 1991: The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation from Soviet rule and condemning the Communist regime's illegal takeover. It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991.
August 1991: Ukraine gained its independence in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
August 1991: The parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991.
August 1991: Independence of Moldavia.
August 1991: The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year.
August 1991: Independence of Kyrgyzistan.
September 1991: The Republic of Uzbekistan declared independence from the Soviet Union.
September 1991: Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union was disintegrating.
September 1991: The Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
October 1991: Independence of Turkmenistan.
December 1991: On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its continued legal personality.
February 1924: The Bukhara People's Soviet Republic became part of the USSR 17 February 1924.
October 1924: The Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic became part of the USSR
October 1944: In October 1944, the Tuvan People's Republicwas annexed into the Russian SFSR.
November 1945: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II.
January 1946: Zakarpatska Oblast was established on 22 January 1946, after the resignation of Czechoslovakia on the territory of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, annexed forcibly by the Soviet Union and attached to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, under a treaty between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union.
February 1946: The Second Hungarian Republic was established in 1946.
September 1946: Monarchy abolished in Bulgaria on 15 September 1946. Bulgaria becomes a Republic.
February 1948: The Soviet Union insisted on signing a protocol defining the border with Romania, which was fulfilled on 4 February 1948. According to this protocol, the Soviet Union would annex the Danubian islands of Tătaru Mic, Daleru Mic, Daleru Mare, Maican and Limba, as well as the Snake Island in the Black Sea.
January 1949: The Polish border underwent a minor correction in 1948, when the village of Medyka near Przemyśl was transferred from the USSR to Poland.
February 1951: On February 15, 1951 Aleksander Zawadzki, the president of the Polish Republic, and Andrey Vyshinsky, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, signed Treaty No. 6222. The treaty was a border adjustment.
March 1990: On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Baltic state to proclaim its independence, resulting in the restoration of the independent State of Lithuania.
Disestablishment
January 1991: Shrinkage of the Aral sea by 1990. The Aral Sea began shrinking in the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet irrigation projects.
January 1991: In December 1990, Tbilisi declared a state of emergency in South Ossetia.
January 1991: On the night of 5 to 6 January 1991, the Georgian police force entered Tskhinvali to disarm the Ossetian armed groups. The fighting in Tskhinvali first resulted in a divided town: An Ossetian-controlled western part and a Georgian-controlled eastern part.
March 1991: A temporary ceasefire was agreed and Georgian forces largely withdrew from the city of Tskhinvali.
April 1991: Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991.
August 1991: In Estonoa, the peaceful Singing Revolution resulted in the restoration of de facto independence.
August 1991: The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation from Soviet rule and condemning the Communist regime's illegal takeover. It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991.
August 1991: Ukraine gained its independence in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
August 1991: The parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991.
August 1991: Independence of Moldavia.
August 1991: The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year.
August 1991: Independence of Kyrgyzistan.
September 1991: The Republic of Uzbekistan declared independence from the Soviet Union.
September 1991: Militants of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP) party, created by the former Soviet Air Force general Dzhokhar Dudayev, stormed a session of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR Supreme Soviet with the aim of asserting independence.
September 1991: Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union was disintegrating.
September 1991: The Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
October 1991: Independence of Turkmenistan.
December 1991: On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its continued legal personality.
Selected Sources
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https://books.google.de/books?id=mpdLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT495&dq=22+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81&hl=it&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwir8szQiKyFAxWxQvEDHS8NDp4Q6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=22%20%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81&f=false
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