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Were the territories of the Kingdom of Prussia located outside the official borders of the Holy Roman Empire.
Establishment
January 1701: On 17 January 1701, Frederick dedicated the royal coat of arms, the Prussian black eagle, and motto, "suum cuique". On 18 January, he crowned himself and his wife Sophie Charlotte in a baroque ceremony in Königsberg Castle.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.
1.1.Great Northern War
Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
1.1.1.Phase 2: Sweden Defending itself
Was the second phase of the Great Northern War. It consisted in the counterattack of all the countries that Sweden had invaded during the first phase of the war.
1.1.1.1.North German Front of the Great Northern War
Was the theatre of war of northern Germany in the second phase of the Great Northern War.
February 1710: Russian storming of Elbing (today: Elbląg).
1.1.2.Peace Treaties of the Great Northern War
Were the peace treaties that ended the Great Northern War.
1.1.2.1.Peace of Nystad
Was a treaty that ended the Great Northern War between the Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire.
September 1721: Russia evacuates the military occupied territories at the end of the war.
Were a series of wars between the Habsburg Domains and Prussia for the control of Silesia. The war started during the War of the Austrian Succession, when Frederick the Great of Prussia invaded Habsburg-held Silesia.
2.1.First Silesian War
Was the first of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The war started when Prussia invaded Silesia. The possession of the region by Prussia was aknowledged by Austria at the end of the war.
2.1.1.Silesian Theatre (First War)
Was the Silesian theatre of the First Silesian War.
June 1742: The Treaty of Breslau was a preliminary peace agreement signed in 1742 between Prussian King Frederick the Great and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, ending the First Silesian War. The treaty ceded most of Silesia to Prussia, marking a significant territorial gain for the Kingdom of Prussia.
2.2.Second Silesian War
Was the second of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was part of the War of the Austrian Succession.
2.2.1.Silesian Theatre (Second War)
Was the Silesian theatre of the Second Silesian War.
April 1745: Frederick abandoned the mountainous southern tip of Upper Silesia to the Austrian vanguard of pandurs, concentrating his defences around the town of Frankenstein in the valley of the Eastern Neisse.
May 1745: At the end of May, the Austrian-Saxon force crossed through the Giant Mountains and camped around the Silesian village of Hohenfriedberg.
June 1745: The ensuing Battle of Hohenfriedberg ended in a decisive Prussian victory, sending Prince Charles's army retreating in disarray back into the mountains.
Was a European conflict caused by the succession to the Habsburg Domains. Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI, and the opposition to female inheritance of the throne was a pretext for starting a war. It was a global conflict that saw fight in Europe, Asia, America and Africa.
3.1.Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen.
October 1748: The State that obtained the greatest advantage was Prussia, which definitively annexed the rich region of Silesia, wrested from Austria.
Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.
4.1.Third Silesian War
Was the last of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was also part of the Seven Years' War.
4.1.1.Russian invasion of East Prussia (Third Silesian War)
Was the Russian invasion of East Prussia during the Third Silesian War.
July 1757: In mid-1757 a Russian force of 75,000 troops under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin invaded East Prussia and took the fortress at Memel.
August 1757: In 1757, during the Seven Years' War, the Russian forces, led by Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin, defeated a smaller Prussian army commanded by Field Marshal Lehwaldt in the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf.
January 1758: In 1757, during the Seven Years' War, the Russian forces under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin were unable to capture Königsberg from the Kingdom of Prussia. The Russians had exhausted their supplies at Memel and Gross-Jägersdorf, leading to their retreat from East Prussia.
February 1758: In January 1758 a Russian army commanded by Count William Fermor again invaded East Prussia, where the few remaining Prussian troops put up little resistance. Frederick abandoned the province to Russian occupation, judging it strategically expendable and preferring to concentrate on achieving another decisive victory in the Silesian theatre to force the Austrians to the peace table.
4.1.2.Russian invasion of Brandenburg (Third Silesian War)
Was the Russian invasion of Brandenburg during the Third Silesian War.
July 1758: The Russians continued to press into Neumark. On 23 July the new Russian commander, Count Pyotr Saltykov, led 47,000 men in defeating 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel at the Battle of Kay.
4.1.3.Silesian Theatre (Third War)
Was the Silesian theatre of the Third Silesian War.
November 1757: While Frederick's army manoeuvred in western Saxony and Thuringia, the Austrian army of Prince Charles and Daun pressed eastward into Lower Silesia. In November they reached Breslau, where they were opposed by the Silesian garrison under Bevern. The Austrians had overwhelming numbers, and in the Battle of Breslau on 22 November they drove the Prussians from the field. the commander of the garrison surrendered Breslau to the Austrians on 25 November in return for safe passage.
December 1757: Despite his troops' fatigue from the rapid march, Frederick engaged the superior Austrian force on 5 December and won another unexpected victory in the Battle of Leuthen.The Prussians pursued Prince Charles's defeated army all the way back to Bohemia.
December 1757: Breslau were besieged until their surrender on 19-20 December, bringing the bulk of Silesia back under Prussian control.
April 1758: Schweidnitz, the last Austrian-occupied stronghold in Silesia, surrendered.
March 1760: After an inconclusive engagement with the Prussian garrison near Neustat on 15 March, Laudon's Austrians gradually advanced through Lower Silesia.
June 1760: Battle of Landeshut.
July 1760: Liegnitz conquered by austria.
July 1760: Parchwitz conquered by austria.
July 1760: Glatz was taken by the Austrians on 29 July.
August 1760: Laudon's corps, moving ahead of Daun's main army, attacked Frederick's position near Liegnitz on 15 August. The resulting Battle of Liegnitz ended in a Prussian victory, with the Prussians defeating Laudon before Daun's larger force could arrive to support him. This reversal disrupted the Austrians' manoeuvres and restored Prussian control of Lower Silesia, as Daun moved his army back into Saxony.
October 1761: The allies, led by Russian Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin, Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Joseph von Daun, and Swedish Field Marshal Carl Gustav Armfeldt, achieved a modest victory by capturing the fortress at Schweidnitz on 1 October 1761. This forced the Prussians, under the command of King Frederick the Great, to retreat to winter quarters in northern Silesia and Brandenburg.
October 1762: Daun's forces withdrew to Glatz, and the Prussians besieged Schweidnitz, recapturing it at length on 9 October.
4.1.4.Russia switches sided
On 5 January 1762 the ailing Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her nephew and successor, Tsar Peter III, was an ardent admirer of Frederick the Great of Prussia, and he reversed Russia's foreign policy and ordered a ceasefire with Prussia. Peter agreed to an armistice with Prussia in March and lifted the Russian occupation of East Prussia and Pomerania.
May 1762: The province of East Prussia was returned by the Russians to the Kingdom of Prussia by treaty in 1762.
4.1.5.Treaty of Hubertusburg
Was the treaty that ended the Third Silesian War, and, together with the Treaty of Paris (1763) it ended also the Seven Years' War.
February 1763: At the end of the Third Silesian War, the warring parties agreed restore the status quo ante bellum. Austria withdrew from Glatz, restoring full Prussian control of Silesia, in exchange for Prussia's evacuation of Saxony.
Was a war fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other.
5.1.Second Partition of Poland
The second of three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth happened in the aftermath of the Polish-Russian War of 1792. Polish-Lithuanian territories were acquired by Prussia and Russia.
January 1793: Russian and Prussian troops entered the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth again and the Second Partition was signed on January 23, 1793. Austria did not participate in the Second Partition.
January 1793: The Second Partition of Poland in 1793 involved Russian and Prussian troops entering the Commonwealth. The partition was signed on January 23, 1793, with Austria not participating. This led to the territory going to the Kingdom of Prussia outside the Holy Roman Empire.
5.2.First Partition of Poland
Was the first of the three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time the country was occupied by Russia. The first partition saw Polish-Lithuanian territories taken by Austria, Russia and Prussia.
Was an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Prussian territories in Poland. The revolt was caused by the first two partitions of Poland.
6.1.Revolt proper (Kościuszko Uprising)
On 24 March 1794, Tadeusz Kościuszko, a veteran of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, announced a general uprising of Poland-Lithuania against Russia and Prussia.
October 1794: A Polish corps under Jan Henryk Dąbrowski captured Bydgoszcz and entered Pomerania almost unopposed.
November 1794: The commander of the Kościuszko Uprising, Tomasz Wawrzecki, surrendered to Russian and Prussian forces Radoszyce.
6.2.Third Partition of Poland
Was the third an final partition of Poland-Lithuania whose immediate reason was the Kościuszko Uprising against Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian remaining territories were partitioned between the Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist.
October 1795: On January 3, 1795, Catherine II and the Habsburg Emperor Franz II signed the partition treaty, which Prussia joined on October 24. Accordingly, the three states divided the rest of Poland along the Memel, Bug and Pilica rivers.
October 1795: Third partition of Poland.
October 1795: Third partition of Poland: Russian annexation of the rest of Masovia with Warsaw (organized into the province of New East Prussia) and a part of Lesser Poland (organized into the province of New Silesia). Also the city of Tauroggen was lost to the Russian Empire.
The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire occurred de facto on 6 August 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, abdicated his title and released all imperial states and officials from their oaths and obligations to the Empire.
August 1806: In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire came to an end in the city of nan. This marked the dissolution of a political entity that had existed for over a thousand years. The territory was then absorbed into the Kingdom of Prussia under the leadership of King Frederick William III.
Disestablishment
August 1806: In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire came to an end in the city of nan. This marked the dissolution of a political entity that had existed for over a thousand years. The territory was then absorbed into the Kingdom of Prussia under the leadership of King Frederick William III.
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Kingdom of Prussia (Territories outside the HRE)
