This article is about the specific polity RSFSR and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the Socialist State that controlled most of the territories of the forrmer Russian Empire during the Russian Civil War. After defeating the Whites in the Civil War, the RSFSR merged with the Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, and Transcaucasian SFSR to form the Soviet Union.
Establishment
November 1917: The Bolshevik insurrection, which began on the night of November 6-7, 1917 in Petrograd, ended in success. The Bolsheviks formed a revolutionary government headed by Lenin and were able to progressively extend their power over most of the territories of the old Tsarist Empire.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Petrograd, Minsk, Novgorod, Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Tartu.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Ufa, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, and Narva.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Vitebsk, Yaroslavl, Saratov, Samara, and Izhevsk.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Rostov, Tver, and Nizhny Novgorod.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Voronezh, Smolensk, and Gomel.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Orel and Perm.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Pskov, Moscow, and Baku.
November 1917: A national-territorial autonomy proclaimed on November 15 1917 by the Bashkir regional Shuro and approved by the Constituent Congress of Bashkurdistan.
November 1917: The Rada announced a wider autonomy for the Ukrainian Republic, still maintaining ties to Russia.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Tsaritsyn.
December 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Mogilev.
December 1917: The Bolsheviks took over Turkestan.
December 1917: On 8 December 1917, Vyatka was taken over by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution.
December 1917: With the encouragement of Kaledin, the Whites, still only some 500 strong, managed to recapture the city of Rostov from local Red Guard units on 15 December.
December 1917: The Bolsheviks captured Sevastopol.
December 1917: Bolshevik forces captured Kharkiv.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a Civil War in Russia that involved varios factions but mainly the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Army in the core Russian territories, as well as a multitude of local secessionist states. At the end of war the Bolsheviks were victorious and established the Soviet Union.
January 1918: With the help of the Kiev Arsenal Uprising, the Bolsheviks captured the city.
February 1918: The Whites left Åland on 20 February.
March 1918: Swedish troops take control of the Åland Islands.
March 1918: The Idel-Ural State, which included only some sections of Kazan, was defeated by the Red Army.
August 1918: The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was an anti-Bolshevik provisional government, created in Yekaterinburg on August 13 or 19, 1918, which controlled the Perm Governorate.
October 1918: The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was abolished in October 1918.
January 1919: the Republic of North Ingria was a short-lived, small state for the Ingrian Finns in the southern part of the Karelian Isthmus, which seceded from Bolshevist Russia after the October Revolution. Its aim by most proponents was to ultimately be incorporated into the Kingdom of Finland, and it ruled parts of Northern Ingria from 1919 until 1920.
December 1920: With the Peace Treaty of Tartu, the Republic of North Ingria was re-integrated into Russia.
February 1921: Creation of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1.1.Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War
Local independence movement caused several secessions and revolts during the Russian Civil War.
1.1.1.Pro-independence and White movements in the Caucasus during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Caucasus during the Russian Civil War.
April 1920: By January 1920, the military and economic situation in the North Caucasian Emirate had begun to deteriorate and Uzun Haji consented to the entry of the emirate into the Russian SFSR with promises of autonomy. He soon died but the existence of the state led to the formation of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
April 1920: The Bolshevik army started its mobilization and was occupying the government buildings and started imposing Martial laws on Baku.
April 1920: Creation of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.
May 1920: On May 8, the Ossetians declared a Soviet republic in the Roki area on the Russian-Georgian border. A Bolshevik force from Vladikavkaz crossed into Georgia and helped the local rebels to defeat a Georgian force in the Java district. The rebellious areas were effectively incorporated into Soviet Russia.
June 1920: Vladimir Lenin’s desire to keep peace with Georgia at that time and eventual military failures of the rebels forced the Bolsheviks to distance themselves from the Ossetian struggle. The Georgian People's Guard under Valiko Jugheli crushed the revolt with great violence.
July 1921: The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was captured by Soviet Russian forces in 1921, who transformed it into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
1.1.1.1.Sochi conflict
Was a three-party border conflict which involved the counterrevolutionary White Russian forces, Bolshevik Red Army and the Democratic Republic of Georgia, each of which sought control over the Black Sea town of Sochi.
1.1.1.2.Armenian-Azerbaijani War
Was a conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan during the Russian Civil War.
1.1.1.3.Red Army invasion of Georgia and Armenia
Was a military campaign by the Russian Red Army against secessionist states in the Caucasus.
December 1920: Capture of Yerevan and Echmiadzin by Bolshevik forces.
December 1920: The Soviets took control of Armenia, which ceased to exist as an independent state. The regions given to Armenia by the treaty of Sevres remained to Turkey.
February 1921: On the night of 11-12 February 1921, at Ordzhonikidze's instigation, Bolsheviks attacked local Georgian military posts in the predominantly ethnic Armenian district of Lori and the nearby village of Shulaveri.
February 1921: By 17 February, Soviet infantry and cavalry divisions supported by aircraft were less than 15 kilometers northeast of Tbilisi.
February 1921: The triumphant Red Army entered Tbilisi.
1.1.2.Pro-independence and White movements in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War.
September 1918: From June to August 1918, Komuch's influence spread from Samara into the provinces of Simbirsk, Kazan, Ufa and Saratov.
November 1918: Samara falls to the Provisional All-Russian Government.
November 1919: Omsk was conquered by the Reds.
March 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
April 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
September 1922: In summer 1922, the Whites were ousted from Yakutsk and withdrew to the Pacific coast.
November 1922: With the Civil War finally over, Soviet Russia absorbed the Far Eastern Republic.
December 1922: When the Soviet Union was formed on 30 December 1922, the only Russian territory still controlled by the White Movement was the region of the Pepelyayevshchina ("пепеляевщина"), that is, Ayan, Okhotsk, and Nelkan.
1.1.3.Secession of Bashkurdistan
Was the secession of Bashkurdistan during the Russian Civil War.
1.1.4.Pro-independence movements in central Asia during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in central Asia during the Russian Civil War.
February 1918: The Turkestan Autonomy existed until 22 February 1918. For the destruction of the self-proclaimed Turkestan Autonomy, 11 trains with troops and artillery under the command of Konstantin Osipov arrived from Moscow in Tashkent. As a result of hostilities, thousands of civilians were killed. Thus, the Turkestan autonomy was liquidated by the Bolsheviks only 3 months after its creation.
February 1920: The Altai Republic was annexed back into Russia.
August 1920: In 1919-20 the Bolsheviks defeated the White Russian forces and occupied Kazakhstan. On August 26, 1920, the Soviet government established the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
January 1922: A second Altai Republic was formed in 1921.
1.1.5.Pro-independence and White movements in Crimea during the Russian Civil War
Were a series of revolts and secessions in Crimea during the Russian Civil War.
January 1918: The Bolsheviks captured Simferopol.
January 1918: By the end of January 1918, the Bolsheviks had captured the whole of Crimea and dissolved both the Qurultay as well as the Council of National Representatives.
1.1.6.Secession of the Idel-Ural State
Was the secession of the Idel-Ural State, a short-lived Tatar republic located in Kazan, during the Russian Civil War.
March 1918: The Idel-Ural State was a short-lived Tatar republic located in Kazan that claimed to unite Tatars, Bashkirs, Volga Germans, and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War.
1.1.7.Establishment of the Don Republic
The Don Republic was an anti-Bolshevik republic formed by the Armed Forces of South Russia on the territory of the Don Cossacks, during the Russian Civil War.
May 1918: The assembly of the Don Cossacks - the Krug - proclaimed the independence of the Don Republic.
January 1921: The Don Republic ceased to exist after the Don Cossacks, who formed an essential part of the White Army, were defeated by the Red Army in the Russian Civil War.
1.1.8.Secession of Uhtua
Was the secession of the Republic of Uhtua, in Karelia, during the Russian Civil War.
May 1920: The Red Army went to Uhtua and disestablished the republic.
1.1.9.Secession of Olonets
Was the secession of the Olonets Government of Southern Karelia, a short-lived state that existed in 1920 in South Karelia, modern-day Finland, during the Russian Civil War.
June 1920: The Olonets Government of Southern Karelia was a short-lived state that existed in 1920 in South Karelia, modern-day Finland. The government formed in Olonets in May 1920.
September 1920: The territories of the Olonets Government of Southern Karelia were captured by the Red Army.
1.1.10.Soviet-Finnish conflict 1921-22
Was a conflict between Finland and the Russian SFSR during the Russian Civil War.
December 1921: In November and December 1921, the Finnish troops reoccupied part of the regions of Karelia, which began the Soviet-Finnish conflict.
February 1922: In early February 1922 the Center Committee Karelian village of Uhtua was re-occupied by the Red Army.
1.2.Bolsheviks take control of most of European Russia
Were a series of insurrections that resulted in the Bolshevik conquest of most of European Russia.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Yekaterinoslav.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Petrozavodsk.
January 1918: Establishment of the Odesa Soviet Republic.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Astrakhan.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Kyiv and Vologda.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Arkhangelsk.
February 1918: The Bolsheviks occupied most of Ethnical Russia, ending the Russian Republic.
1.3.Ice March
Was a military withdrawal during the Russian Civil War. Under attack by the Red Army advancing from the north, the forces of the Volunteer Army, sometimes referred to as the White Guard, began a retreat from the city of Rostov south towards the Kuban.
February 1918: By the beginning of 1918 better-organised and stronger Communist forces began an advance from the north, capturing Taganrog on the Sea of Azov on 10 February.
February 1918: As the Red Army entered Rostov, the Cossacks led by Kornilov began the march south across the frozen steppelands.
1.4.Ukrainian-Soviet War
Was a conflict between Ukrainian nationalist forces and the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. It also included a multitude of ethnical and local factions.
January 1918: Aleksandrovsk conquered by RSFSR.
January 1918: Poltava conquered by RSFSR.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Zhitomir.
January 1918: Due to the aggression from Soviet Russia, on 25 January 1918, the Tsentralna Rada issued its Fourth Universal, breaking ties with Bolshevik Russia and proclaiming a sovereign Ukrainian state.
January 1918: The Bolsheviks quickly overran Poltava, Aleksandrovsk, and Yekaterinoslav by January 1918.
February 1918: Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR founded on 12 February 1918.
March 1918: The Imperial German and Austro-Hungarian armies drove the Bolsheviks out of Ukraine, taking Kiev on March 1.
April 1918: Kharkov conquered by germany.
December 1918: The Ukrainian Front took the important strategic railroad connection in Kupyansk.
January 1919: On January 3, the Red Army took Kharkiv.
January 1919: The troops under the command of Mykola Schors occupied Chernihiv.
January 1919: The Soviet Army took Poltava while the Ukrainian troops retreated further to Kremenchuk.
January 1919: On January 26 Dybenko (RSFSR) took Katerynoslav.
February 1919: Kiev fell to the Bolshevisk on February 5, 1919.
February 1919: Oleksandria and Yelyzavethrad conquered by RSFSR.
March 1919: On March 2 Ukrainian military leader Otaman Hryhoryev occupied Kherson.
March 1919: Soviet troops crossed the line Korosten - Zhitomir - Uman - Olviopol - Kherson - Melitopol.
March 1919: In Northern Ukraine, Soviet troops took Ovruch and Chernigov.
March 1919: Declaration of the Ukrainian Soviet republic.
1.5.Heimosodat
Were a series of expeditions into Russian territories inhabitated by Finnish peoples during the Russian Civil War. The aim of the expeditions was either the independence of these territories or their annexion to Finland.
1.5.1.Viena expedition
Was a military expedition in March 1918 by Finnish volunteer forces to annex White Karelia from Soviet Russia.
April 1918: By 10 April, Malm's group had advanced as far as the coastal town of Kem on the White Sea but was unable to capture it.
1.5.2.Petsamo expeditions
Were two military expeditions in May 1918 and in April 1920 by Finnish civilian volunteers, to annex Petsamo (Russian: Pechenga) from Bolshevist Russia.
June 1918: Finnish civilian volunteers tried unsuccesfully to annect Petsamo.
1.5.3.Aunus expedition
Was an attempt by Finnish volunteers to occupy parts of East Karelia in 1919, during the Russian Civil War.
April 1919: The Finnish northern group captured Prääsä.
June 1919: The parish of Porajärvi declared on June 6 that it wished to join Finland, as the parish of Repola had already done in 1918. The regular Finnish Army moved in to occupy the parish.
June 1919: The southern group was forced to retreat to Finland after suffering heavy losses. Talvela's group was also forced to retreat back to Finland.
1.6.Eastern Russia, Siberia and Far East of Russia Theatre of War (1918)
Was the theatre of war in Siberia and the Russian Far East in 1918, during the Russian Civil War.
June 1918: Territorial change based on available maps.
June 1918: In May 1918, with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly - known as the "Komuch" - was established in Samara and Saratov. By July the authority of the Komuch extended over much of the area controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion.
July 1918: Simultaneously Russian officers' organisations overthrew the Bolsheviks in Petropavlovsk.
July 1918: Whites had extended their gains westwards, capturing Ekaterinburg.
August 1918: In Eastern Siberia Radola Gajda took Irkutsk and Chita.
August 1918: Within a month the Whites controlled most of the Trans-Siberian Railroad between Lake Baikal and the Ural regions.
August 1918: Anti-Bolshevik forces advanced towards Saratov and Kazan.
August 1918: Czechoslovak troops took Kuznetsk.
August 1918: In July, White Russian troops commanded by Vladimir Kappel took Syzran.
August 1918: On the Volga, Col. Kappel's White detachment captured Kazan.
September 1918: During the summer Bolshevik power in Siberia was eliminated.
September 1918: The Bolsheviks re-captured the city of Kazan following a counteroffensive.
September 1918: On the 11th Simbirsk fell to the Bolsheviks.
October 1918: Samara was taken by the Soviets. The Whites fell back eastwards to Ufa and Orenburg.
December 1918: White armies had to leave Ufa.
December 1918: After several failures, the Whites took Perm.
1.7.North Russia intervention
Was a military expedition in modern-day Arkhanhgelsk Oblast by an alliance of western powers including Great Britain, Italy, France and the United States of America during the Russian Civil War.
1.7.1.Allied invasion (North Russia intervention)
Was a military invasion of modern-day Arkhanhgelsk Oblast by an alliance of western powers including Great Britain, Italy, France and the United States of America during the Russian Civil War. It resulted in the establishement of the pro-White Supreme Administration of the Northern Region.
August 1918: Anti-Bolshevik forces, led by Tsarist Captain Georgi Chaplin, staged a coup against the local Soviet government at Archangelsk.
August 1918: The Murmansk Krai Soviet authorized Chairman Yuryev to agree on the inclusion of Murmansk Krai into the Supreme Administration of the Northern Region.
August 1918: The Allies advanced to the shores of Onega Bay.
1.7.2.Allied retreat (North Russia intervention)
Was the counterattack by the Russian SFSR against the Provisional Government of the Northern Region, a pro-White entity created by an alliance of Western Powers during the Russian Civil War.
November 1918: Battle of Tulgas.
January 1919: Allied troops were expelled from Shenkursk after an intense battle.
1.7.3.Collapse of the Supreme Administration of the Northern Regions
Was the occupation by the Russian SFSR of the Provisional Government of the Northern Region, a pro-White entity created by an alliance of Western Powers during the Russian Civil War.
February 1920: The White Russian Northern Army was left to face the Red Army alone. Poorly disciplined, they were no match for the Red Army, and quickly collapsed when the Bolsheviks launched a counter-offensive in December 1919. On February 20, 1920 the Bolsheviks entered Arkhangelsk.
March 1920: Murmansk conquered by RSFSR.
1.8.Kuban Offensive
Was an offensive by the White Army in the kuban region during the Russian Civil War.
April 1919: By the beginning of 1919 the whole Northern Caucasus was controlled by the White Volunteer Army.
1.9.Malleson mission
Was a British military offensive against the Bolheviks in Turkmenistan, during the Russian Civil War.
November 1918: By 1 November 1918, British forces had successfully re-occupied Merv, a strategic city in present-day Turkmenistan.
January 1919: The British Government decided on 21 January to withdraw from Merv and Annenkovo, and the last troops left for Persia on 5 April.
1.10.South Russia 1919 campaign
Was a military offensive by pro-White South Russia during the Russian Civil War.
June 1919: Russian general Denikin's troops took the cities of Kharkov and Belgorod.
June 1919: White troops under Wrangel's command took Tsaritsyn.
August 1919: The Red Army, stretched thin by fighting on all fronts, was forced out of Kiev.
September 1919: Kursk and Orel were taken by White forces, on 20 September and 14 October, respectively.
October 1919: Kursk and Orel were taken by White forces, on 20 September and 14 October, respectively.
November 1919: Kursk was retaken by the Reds.
December 1919: The Soviets captured the city of Tajpak.
February 1920: The Red Army took Krasnovodsk, south of Fort Alexandrovsk.
March 1920: By the end of March 1920, Denikin's troops were retreating in the Caucasus and Port Petrovsk was abandoned to the advancing Red Army.
1.10.1.Battle for the Donbass
Was a military campaign of the Russian Civil War in which White forces repulsed attacks of the Red Army on the Don Host Oblast and occupied the Donbass region.
January 1919: By January 14 the Reds occupied Starobilsk and entered the Northern Donbass, having seized the stations Logvinovo, Popasnaya, Kramatorskaya, Slavyansk.
January 1919: The Lozovaya-Sinelnikovo line was taken by the communists.
January 1919: On January 16 the Reds took Bilovodsk.
January 1919: Bolshevik units led by Kozhevnikov units occupied Kostiantynivka and Bakhmut.
February 1919: The Makhno brigade recaptured Polohy.
June 1919: The Bolshevik 13th Army retreated in disorder to the North, stopping only a month later in the area of Novy Oskol.
1.11.Soviet westward offensive of 1918-25
Was a military campaign by the Russian SFSR into regions that had been evacuated by the German forces in eastern Europe after World War I.
1.11.1.Soviet westward offensive in Poland
Was a military offensive by the Russian SFSR in Poland after the German army left the area.
November 1918: The Red Army entered Polotsk on 21 November.
November 1918: Drissa and Rahachow conquered by RSFSR.
November 1918: Zhlobin conquered by RSFSR.
November 1918: Babruysk conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Barysaw conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Slutsk conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Igumen conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: On 10 December 1918, the Red Army entered Minsk almost unopposed, putting an end to the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic.
February 1919: The Soviet westward offensive came to a halt by late February.
May 1919: In April the Bolsheviks captured Grodno and Vilna.
1.12.Polish-Soviet War
Was a war between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the aftermath of World War I and during the Russian Civil War.
April 1919: Polish forces under General J. Lasocki recaptured Lida.
April 1919: French General A. Mokrzecki captured Nowogródek and Baranowicze.
April 1919: The major city of Vilnius was taken by Polish cavalry units.
June 1919: Polish General Mokrzecki engaged Russians east of Baranowicze.
June 1919: By May units of Rydz-Śmigły had advanced to the north and east and reached the line of Łyngmiany-Ignalino-Hoduciszki-Narocz lake.
July 1919: Polish armies attacked Mołodeczno and captured it on 4 July.
July 1919: Łuniec in the Polesie region was captured by Polish forces.
July 1919: In mid-July, the Soviet counteroffensive near Naliboki was stopped.
August 1919: Polish forces continued their push and captured Minsk.
August 1919: After heavy fighting, the Polish army captured fortress Bobrujsk near Berezyna.
October 1919: Polish forces reached Daugava River and secured the region from Dzisna to Dyneburg.
October 1919: Borysów conquered by Second Polish Republic.
January 1920: By early January 1920, Polish forces had reached the line of Uszyca-Płoskirów-Starokonstantynów-Szepietówka-Zwiahel-Olewsk-Uborć-Bobrujsk-Berezyna-Dyneburg.
April 1920: By March, Polish forces had driven a wedge between Soviet forces in the north (Bielorussia) and south (Ukraine), capturing the towns of Mozyrz and Kalenkowicze.
July 1920: The RSFSR captured Brodno.
July 1920: Supported by Lithuanian forces, the Poles captured Wilno on 14 July.
July 1920: The Polish 1st Army had to retreat behind Neman River.
July 1920: On 19 July Grodno fell to the Red Army.
August 1920: Brest-Litovsk conquered by RSFSR.
August 1920: Łomża and Ostrołęka conquered by RSFSR.
August 1920: Polish forces managed to recapture Brody.
August 1920: The fortress of Brześć Red Army in the first attack.
September 1920: Sovietic Offensive in Poland of August 1920.
October 1920: Polish counteroffensive of October 1920.
1.12.1.Russian Offensive (Polish-Soviet War)
Was an offensive by the Russian SFSR against Poland during the Polish-Soviet War.
February 1919: The first serious armed conflict of the Polish-Soviet War took place around 14 - 16 February, near the towns of Manevychi and Biaroza in Belarus.
March 1919: In early March 1919, Polish units opened an offensive and forces under General Stanisław Szeptycki captured the cities of Słonim.
March 1919: Polish forces under General A. Listowski took Pinsk.
1.12.2.Battle of Warsaw
Were a series of battles during the Polish-Soviet war that resulted in the defeat of the invading Russian SFSR.
August 1920: Soviet assault at Radzymin.
August 1920: Polish forces recaptured Radzymin.
August 1920: By the end of August, the 4th and 15th Red Armies had been defeated in the field, and their remnants crossed the border into East Prussia.
August 1920: Russian Budionny's cavalry moved through weakly defended areas, reached city of Zamość and attempted to take it.
September 1920: What was left of Buidonny's 1st Cavalry Army retreated towards Włodzimierz Wołyński.
September 1920: Battle of the Niemen River.
September 1920: Petliura's Ukrainian forces defeated the Bolshevik 14th Army and on 18 September took control of the left bank of the Zbruch river.
September 1920: On 18 September Polish forces recaptured Równe.
September 1920: The Second Polish Republic Captured Lida and Pińsk.
October 1920: The soviet Tukhachevski managed to reorganize the eastward-retreating forces and in September established a new defensive line running from the Polish-Lithuanian border to the north to the area of Polesie, with the central point in the city of Grodno in Belarus.
October 1920: After the mid-October Battle of the Szczara River, the Polish Army had reached the Tarnopol-Dubno-Minsk-Drissa line.
October 1920: After the mid-October Battle of the Szczara River, the Polish Army had reached the Tarnopol-Dubno-Minsk-Drisa line.
1.13.Fights between the Bolsheviks and the Siberian Army in eastern European Russia
Were a series of fights between the Bolsheviks and the Siberian Army during the Russian Civil War.
1.13.1.Offensive of the Whites on the eastern front
Was an offensive of the Whites in eastern European Russia during the Russian Civil War.
March 1919: Ufa was retaken by the Whites on 13 March.
April 1919: The White Army stopped at the Glazov-Chistopol-Bugulma-Buguruslan-Sharlyk line.
1.13.2.Offensive of the Reds on the eastern front
Was an offensive of the Bolsheviks in eastern European Russia during the Russian Civil War.
May 1919: The RSFSR captured Elabuga on 26 May.
June 1919: Sarapul fell to the Bolsheviks on 2 June.
June 1919: Izevsk conquered by RSFSR.
October 1919: Following the abortive offensive at Chelyabinsk, the White armies withdrew beyond the Tobol.
1.13.3.Great Siberian Ice March (retreat of the Whites)
Was the retreat of Admiral Kolchak's anti Bolshevik Siberian Army from Omsk to Chita, in the course of the Russian Civil War.
December 1919: The pursuing Red 5th Army took Tomsk.
January 1920: White Army forces in Siberia essentially ceased to exist by December.
January 1920: Krasnoyarsk conquered by RSFSR.
1.14.Petrograd Siege
Was a campaign by the White movement to take the city of Petrograd.
October 1919: By 19 October the troops of Nikolai Yudenich, leader of the anti-communist White movement in northwestern Russia, had reached the outskirts of the Petrograd.
November 1919: Yudenich, short of supplies, decided to call off the siege of Petrogra and withdrew.
1.15.Evacuation of Crimea
Was an event in the Russian Civil War, in which the pro-White Russian State evacuated over sea from the Crimean Peninsula, their last stronghold on the Southern Front, bringing an end to the fighting on that Front.
November 1920: The Evacuation of the Crimea was an event in the Russian Civil War, in which the Russian State evacuated over sea from the Crimean Peninsula, their last stronghold on the Southern Front, bringing an end to the fighting on that Front.
November 1920: Whites were defeated at the Siege of Perekop in November 1920, losing the highly strategic Perekop Isthmus and leaving Crimea vulnerable to Red invasion. Wrangel ordered the evacuation of Crimea, effectively ending his government and the Southern Front in Red Victory.
1.16.Treaty of Tartu (1920)
Was a treaty between the Russian SFSR and Finland that defined the border between the two countries.
December 1920: The Finnish - Russian border was determined by the Treaty of Tartu in 1920: Petsamo became finnish.
December 1920: Treaty of Tartu: Repola and Porajärvi were handed back to Soviet Russia.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
2.1.World War I eastern Front
Was the theatre of war in eastern Europe during World War I.
2.1.1.Operation Faustschlag
Was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major action on the Eastern Front. The northern force, consisting of 16 divisions, captured the key Daugavpils junction on the first day.
February 1918: Minsk was captured by the Central Powers together with the headquarters of the Western Army Group.
February 1918: The Southern forces broke through the remains of the Russian Southwestern Army Group, capturing Zhitomir on 24 February.
February 1918: The Central Powers captured Pskov and secured Narva.
2.1.2.Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Brest Peace in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
March 1918: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
2.1.3.White Russia administrative changes
Where the administrative changes of Belarus during World War I and the Russian Civil War.
March 1918: The Belarusian People's Republic was declared on March 9, 1918, in Minsk, by the members of the Executive Committee of the First All-Belarusian Congress, and two weeks later, on March 25, 1918, it proclaimed independence.
January 1919: With the founding of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) on January 1, 1919, the Belarusian People's Republic lost importance and the government went into exile.
July 1920: The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed on July 31st, 1920 in the parts of Belarus controlled by the Soviets.
2.2.Aftermath of World War I
Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.
2.2.1.Aftermath of World War I in Poland
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Poland.
2.2.1.Polish-Ukrainian War
Was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian People's Republic).
March 1919: By March 18 the Poles had driven the Ukrainian forces from the Lviv-Przemyśl railroad, permanently securing Lviv.
May 1919: The Polish forces reached the Złota Lipa-Berezhany-Jezierna-Radziwiłłów line.
2.2.2.Estonian War of Independence
Was the Estonian War of independence from Bolshevik Russia and German troops.
February 1920: Pskow is under Russian control.
2.2.2.1.Soviet Offensive (Estonian War of Independence)
Was the Bolshevik invasion of Estonia, a former region of the Russian Empire that had declared independence.
November 1918: The RSFSR Captured Narva on 29 November.
December 1918: The 49th Red Latvian Rifle Regiment took the Valga railway junction.
December 1918: On Christmas Eve, the 6th Red Rifle Division captured the Tapa railway junction.
December 1918: Tartu conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Border changes during the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive.
2.2.2.2.Liberation of Estonian territories (Estonian War of Independence)
Estonian counteroffensive against the Bolshevik invasion.
January 1919: The strengthened Estonian Army stopped the 7th Red Army's advance in its tracks between 2 and 5 January 1919 and went on the counter-offensive on 7 January. Tapa was liberated two days later.
January 1919: Narva was liberated by the Estonians.
January 1919: Tartu was liberated by the Estonians through the rapid deployment of armored trains.
February 1919: The second half of February saw the Estonian southward advance capture Salacgrīva and Alūksne.
March 1919: The Estonian 2nd Division counterattacked and regained Petseri by 29 March. Subsequently, the 'Estonian' Red Army was pushed behind the Optjok River.
April 1919: The Latvian Riflemen captured Rūjiena.
April 1919: The Bolshevisk were pushed back by the Latvian 3rd Division to Salacgrīva-Seda-Gauja line.
2.2.2.3.Estonian offensives into Russia and Latvia
Offensive of the Estonian army in Russian and Latvian territories.
May 1919: Estonian 2nd and 3rd divisions also started a southward offensive into Northern-Latvia. By end of May they had captured Alūksne and Valmiera.
June 1919: The Estonian army crossed Daugava river and captured Jēkabpils.
2.2.2.4.Battles between Estonia and Latvia
Were battles between Latvia and Estonia during the Independence wars of these two countries.
2.2.2.4.1.Battle of Cēsis
The Battle of Cēsis (alos Battle of Wenden) was a decisive battle in the Estonian War of Independence and the Latvian War of Independence were the Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Baltic German forces.
June 1919: The Landeswehr captured Cēsis.
2.2.2.5.Final battles and peace (Estonian War of Independence)
Were the final phases of the Estonian War of Independence.
December 1919: The situation for the Estonians became critical as forward units of the 15th Red Army crossed the Narva River.
December 1919: An Estonian counterattack pushed the Soviets back from the Narva river region.
2.2.3.Latvian War of Independence
Was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaimed Republic of Latvia was invaded by Soviet Russia.
2.2.3.1.Soviet offensive (Latvian War of Independence)
Soviet offensive in Latvia, a territory of the Russian Empire that had been occupied by Germany and had then declared independency.
December 1918: The town of Alūksne was captured by the Red Army on 7 December.
December 1918: In the south Daugavpils was taken by the Bolsheviks on 9 December.
December 1918: Pļaviņas conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Valka conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Cēsis conquered by RSFSR.
January 1919: Riga was captured by the Red Army.
January 1919: By the end of January the Latvian Provisional Government and remaining German units had retreated all the way to Liepāja, but then the Red offensive stalled along the Venta river.
2.2.3.2.Latvian and German counteroffensive
German and Latvian counterattack against Bolshevik forces during the Latvian War of Independence.
March 1919: On 3 March, the German and Latvian forces commenced a counterattack against the Red Latvian Riflemen. Tukums was recaptured from the Bolsheviks on 15 March.
March 1919: Jelgava conquered by Republic of Latvia.
May 1919: Riga was recaptured by the German-Latvian Freikorps and an organised persecution of suspected Bolshevik supporters began.
June 1919: The Estonian Army, including the North Latvian Brigade loyal to the Ulmanis government, started a major offensive against the Soviets in north Latvia. By the middle of June the Soviet rule was reduced to the area surrounding Latgale.
2.2.3.3.Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty
The Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed on 11 August 1920 by representatives of the Republic of Latvia and Soviet Russia. It officially ended the Latvian War of Independence. In Article II of the treaty, Soviet Russia recognised the independence of Latvia as inviolable "for all future time".
August 1920: The Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed on 11 August 1920 by representatives of the Republic of Latvia and Soviet Russia. It officially ended the Latvian War of Independence. In Article II of the treaty, Soviet Russia recognised the independence of Latvia as inviolable "for all future time".
2.2.4.Lithuanian War of Independence
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in Lithuania leading to the independence of the country.
2.2.4.1.Lithuanian-Soviet War
Was a war between Lithuania and the Russian SFSR. Russia considerd Lithuania, that had recently declared independence, a secessionist state. At the end of the war Russia recognized the independency of Lithuania.
January 1919: Vilnius was captured by the Soviet Red Army.
2.2.4.1.1.Soviet offensive (Lithuanian War of Independence)
Was the military invasion of Lithuania by the Russian SFSR that started the Lithuanian-Soviet War.
December 1918: Zarasai and Švenčionys conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Utena conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Rokiškis was taken over by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).
January 1919: Ukmergė and Panevėžys are occupied by Russian Bolshevik forces.
January 1919: Šiauliai conquered by RSFSR.
January 1919: To prevent fights in Lithuania between retreating Germans and the Red Army, the Soviets and Germans signed a treaty on January 18. The treaty drew a temporary demarcation line that went through Daugai, Stakliškės, and 10 kilometres east of the Kaišiadorys-Jonava-Kėdainiai railway.
January 1919: Telšiai conquered by RSFSR.
February 1919: Russian operations to take Kaunas began on February 7.
February 1919: Soviet 7th Riflemen Regiment (900 men) took over Jieznas, south of Kaunas.
February 1919: A joint Lithuanian and German forces captured Šėta and forced the Red Army to retreat.
February 1919: The Bolshevik 3rd and 4th Riflemen Regiments (about 2,000 men) attacked Alytus.
February 1919: Lithuanians retreated, were reinforced by new Lithuanian and Saxon Volunteers, attacked again, and took Jieznas on February 13.
February 1919: On the night of February 14-15, German forces and one company of the Lithuanians returned to Alytus and retook the city.
April 1919: The Red Army retook Panevėžys on April 4.
2.2.4.1.2.German/Lithuanian Offensive (Lithuanian-Soviet War)
Was a joint German-Lithuanian offensive against the the Soviet invasion, during the Lithuanian-Soviet War.
February 1919: The movement of the Bolsheviks towards East Prussia worried Germany, and they sent volunteers. At the end of February, the Lithuanian partisans, supported by German artillery, took Mažeikiai and Seda, and pursued the Bolsheviks to Kuršėnai.
March 1919: Before mid-March, the Germans took Kuršėnai, Šiauliai, Radviliškis, Šeduva, Joniškis.
March 1919: The Bolshevik morale underwent deeper declines and, between March 19 and March 24, their forces left Panevėžys. Lithuanian forces entered the city on March 26.
2.2.4.1.3.Lithuanian offensive
Was a Lithuanian offensive in the territories of the Russian SFSR, during the Lithuanian-Soviet War.
May 1919: On May 3, the Separate Panevėžys Volunteer Regiment, supported by the 18th Regiment of Saxon Volunteers, had secured the town of Ukmergė.
May 1919: On May 7, Lithuanians entered Širvintos.
May 1919: Lithuanians and Poles mounted a joint operation to take Giedraičiai.
May 1919: The reorganized Lithuanian army carried out its first operation. The Vilkmergė Group captured Kurkliai and Anykščiai.
May 1919: The Panevėžys Group launched a drive towards Panevėžys on May 18 and secured the city the following day.
May 1919: The Lithuanians lost Panevėžys to a Bolshevik counterattack.
May 1919: The Soviets left Panevėžys to Lithuanian forces without a fight.
May 1919: Lithianian forces charged towards Kupiškis and secured Subačius.
May 1919: Joniškėlis' partisans broke through the Soviet lines and took Rokiškis in Soviet rear.
June 1919: Bolshevik forces, afraid that they could be encircled, left Kupiškis on the night of May 30-31, and Lithuania secured that city on June 1.
June 1919: The drive towards Utena resumed on May 31, and the city was secured on June 2 by Lithuanian forces.
June 1919: Another Soviet push came on June 20 and the front stabilized.The Soviets were cornered in a small region around Zarasai.
2.2.4.1.4.Final Battles of the Lithuanian-Soviet War
Were the final battles of the Lithuanian-Soviet War.
August 1919: The Ukmergė Group attacked first and captured Zarasai.
2.2.4.2.Polish-Lithuanian War
Was a war between newly-independent Lithuania and Poland following World War I.
July 1920: Augustów conquered by RSFSR.
August 1920: Knowing that the Polish Army was busy preparing for the Battle of the Nemunas River, the Lithuanian authorities decided to capture the city of Augustów, an event which took place on August 26.
September 1920: Polish forces retreated from Sejny further south.
2.2.5.Aftermath of World War I in Pokuttya
Events that happened shortly after the end of World War I in the Pokuttya region.
May 1919: During the interwar period, Romania was Poland's main ally in Eastern Europe. To actively cooperate, governments in Bucharest and Warsaw emphasized the necessity of a shared border. The proposal was accepted by the Polish leader, Marshal Józef Piłsudski and on May 24, 1919 by the Romanian Army. Infantry Division, led by General Iacob Zadik, entered Pokuttya. After three days, the Romanians met the Poles in the area of Kalusz. As the Polish Army was involved in other conflicts (chiefly with the Soviets), the Romanians stayed in Pokuttya until late August 1919.
Was a conflict between the Soviet Union and the Emirate of Afghanistan in the mid-1920s over the control of the island of Urtatagai.
January 1921: When remnants of the Imperial Russian Army evacuated the island of Urtatagai to aid the White Movement in the Russian Civil War, in 1920 Afghan forces were finally able to capture the island unopposed.
On 28 December 1922, a conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
December 1922: On 28 December 1922, a conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
October 1919: In September 1919, joint Polish and Latvian forces took the southern shore of Daugava, including Grīva.
October 1920: In the treaty of Tartu in 1920 Finland and Soviet Union agreed on their common border.
Disestablishment
January 1922: A second Altai Republic was formed in 1921.
February 1922: In early February 1922 the Center Committee Karelian village of Uhtua was re-occupied by the Red Army.
March 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
April 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
September 1922: In summer 1922, the Whites were ousted from Yakutsk and withdrew to the Pacific coast.
November 1922: With the Civil War finally over, Soviet Russia absorbed the Far Eastern Republic.
December 1922: When the Soviet Union was formed on 30 December 1922, the only Russian territory still controlled by the White Movement was the region of the Pepelyayevshchina ("пепеляевщина"), that is, Ayan, Okhotsk, and Nelkan.
December 1922: On 28 December 1922, a conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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