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The cluster includes all the forms of the country since the Middle Ages.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Old Swiss Confederacy
Helvetic Republic
Swiss Confederation
Establishment
January 1292: The Schwyz Free Valley joined the Swiss Confederation.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a conflict between the canton of Zurich and the other seven cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy over the succession to the Count of Toggenburg.
January 1441: During the Old Zurich War, the canton of Zürich, claiming the lands of the deceased Counts of Teggenburg, became a de facto independent state and went into war against the remnant Swiss cantons.
January 1447: The Old Zurich War ended in 1446 with Zurich being defeated and forced to join again the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Was a war between the Habsburg Domains and the Old Swis Confederacy.
August 1468: The Waldshut War resulted in almost no territorial changes. The only exception was the Lordship of Wessenberg south of the Rhine with the villages of Hottwil and Mandach, which was conquered by Bern and annexed to the Schenkenberg bailiff.
Was a conflict between the Burgundian State and the Old Swiss Confederacy and its allies.
June 1474: In the spring of 1475, Freiburg acquired the County of Illens an der Saane.
November 1474: Battle of Héricourt.
December 1474: At the end of October 1474, Bern occupied the dominion of Erlach on Lake Biel.
December 1474: Battle of Héricourt.
February 1476: Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, took the town of Grandson, which was controlled by troops from Bern and Freiburg.
March 1476: In the battle of Grandson Charles the Bold of Burgundy suffered a defeat against the Swiss infantry.
July 1476: On July 25, 1476, the Peace of Freiburg ended the feud of Bern, Fribourg and Valais with the Duchy of Savoy. Duchess Jolanda, regent of Savoy for the underage Duke Philibert I, had to cede the lordships of Aigle and Erlach, and Illen's lordship in Freiburg. Murten, Grandson, Échallens and Orbe went to Freiburg and Bern as common dominions. The parts of Vaud occupied by Bern and Friborg also remained a pledge of the two cities until the payment of 50,000 guilders. The bishop of Sitten, Walter Supersaxo, who was allied with Bern, further annexed the governorate of St. Maurice in the Lower Valais, which was occupied by the Valais in 1475.
January 1477: Bern returned Vaud to the duchy of Savoy against a ransom of 50,000 guilders already in 1476.
January 1536: In the wake of the Swiss Reformation, Bern occupied Vaud and the city of Geneva in 1535.
Was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg.
February 1499: In January 1499, the Habsburg governor of Tyrol, Sigismund of Austria, militarily occupied Vinschgau and Münstertal to assert his claim against the episcopal rights and the church association led by Bishop Georg of Chur.
February 1499: Swabian troops occupy the St. Luzisteig Pass and Maienfeld on February 7th.
February 1499: On February 11 and 12, the Confederates and the Grisons drove out the Swabian federal troops from St. Luzisteig and from Maienfeld.
February 1499: In the battle near Triesen, a Swabian contingent was defeated and the Confederates advanced to Lake Constance.
March 1499: However, the Confederates soon withdrew across the border again.
March 1499: The Swabian War of 1499 brought the Belfort's downfall: in order to eliminate it as an Austrian base, the people of Graubünden burned down the castle on March 14, 1499.
April 1499: On April 17, the Confederates moved to the Klettgau and the Hegau and plundered several towns, such as Tiengen and Stühlingen.
May 1499: Swiss forces left Klettgau and Hegau.
4.1.Treaty of Basel
Was the treaty that ended the Swabian War.
September 1499: On September 22, 1499, the Peace of Basel was sealed between Maximilian and the Confederates. Jurisdiction over Thurgau, previously an Imperial loan to the city of Constance, which was to pass to the Swiss Confederacy.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
5.1.Second War of Kappel
Was an armed conflict in 1531 between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.
October 1531: As the Catholic cantons refused to help the Three Leagues (Drei Bünde) in the Grisons during the Musso war against the Duchy of Milan, Zürich promptly considered this a breach of contracts between the confederacy and the Three Leagues and declared an embargo against the five alpine Catholic cantons. Pressed by the food embargo, the Catholic cantons declared war on Zürich.
November 1531: The peace that ended the war, the so-called Zweiter Landfrieden (Second Territorial Peace), caused the dissolution of the Protestant alliance. It also prioritized Catholicism in common territories, but allowed parishes or townships that had already converted to remain Protestant.
5.2.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
5.2.1.Thirty Years' War Minor Scenarios
A series of conflicts related to the Thirty Years' War.
5.2.1.1.War of Valtellina
Was a war over the control of Valtellina (today in northern Italy) mainly between Spain and France.
August 1620: The Grisons were forced to retreat north of the Alps and the Valtellina was militarily invaded by the Spaniards.
5.2.1.2.Invasion of Franche Comté (Ten Years War)
Was French invasion of modern-day Franche-Comté, at the time a possession of the Habsburg, during the Thirty Years' War.
January 1645: Following a treaty concluded with Cardinal Mazarin in 1644, France committed to cease hostilities in Franche-Comté, in exchange for the considerable sum of 40,000 écus, thus guaranteeing the region's neutrality once again. The year 1644 thus marked the end of the Ten Years' War in Franche-Comté.
5.2.2.Bündner Wirren
Was a war in in what is now the Swiss canton of Graubünden that started as a revolt by local Catholics against their Protestant overlords.
October 1621: Emboldened by the murder of Pompeius Planta, the Protestant forces in the Three Leagues assembled an army to retake the Valtellina and other subject lands. This attempted invasion gave the Spanish and Austrians an excuse to invade the Leagues. By the end of October, Spain and Austria had occupied all of Graubunden.
February 1622: In January 1622, Graubünden had to cede the Müstair, the Lower Engadine, and Prättigau valleys to the Swiss Associate Territories.
September 1639: On 24 January 1639, Jürg Jenatsch was killed. On 3 September 1639 the Leagues agreed with Spain to bring the Valtellina back under League sovereignty, but with the promise to respect the free exercise of the Catholic faith. Treaties with Austria in 1649 and 1652, brought the Müstair and Lower Engadine valleys back under the authority of the Three Leagues.
5.2.3.Franco-Swedish Period
Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.
5.2.3.1.North German Front (Sweden)
Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
November 1648: When in November Gustaf of Sweden received a report about the signed peace, he ordered his troops to leave. Also the French troops started leaving the occupied territories in the Holy Roman Empire.
5.2.3.2.Rhineland Front (France)
Was the Rhineland front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
January 1638: France occupies Laufenberg.
March 1638: France occupies Neuenburg.
November 1643: Battle of Tuttlingen: a surprise attack by Imperial forces caused the French army to retreat across the Rhine.
May 1648: The French returned to Swabia and then to Bavaria. They defeated the Imperial forces at Zusmarshausen (May 17, 1648) and drove Maximilian of Bavaria out of Munich.
5.2.4.Peace of Westphalia
Were a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War. Catholics and Protestants were redefined as equal in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire. There were major territorial adjustments. In particular, France, Sweden and Brandenburg had major territorial gains, and several religious territories of the Holy Roman Empire were secularized.
January 1649: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire at the time of Thirty Years' War.
Was an armed conflict between the federation of the Three Leagues, which functioned as an associate state of the Old Swiss Confederacy, and the Duchy of Milan early in the 16th century.
January 1532: In the Milan Wars from 1512 to 1531, the Three Leagues under Conrad von Planta succeeded in conquering Cläven together with Bormio (Worms) and the Veltlin (Valtellina).
January 1533: The League forces were able to drive the Milanese out of the Valtellina. In a peace treaty concluded the next year, Chiavenna and the Valtellina were granted to the Three Leagues. Only the tre pievi came under the control of Milan.
Was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland.
7.1.French Invasion of northern Italy
Was the French invasion of northern Italy during the War of the Polish Succession.
September 1734: Following their defeat at Guastalla at the hands of the French, which resulted in heavy casualties, the Austrians retreated to the Oglio River. They maintained this position for the remainder of the year.
January 1735: The French army entered winter quarters in December 1734, leaving the North Bank of the Po River.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
January 1799: On April 12, 1798, 121 cantonal deputies proclaimed the Helvetic Republic under the auspices of the French occupying forces. The Helvetic Republic was a centralized state based on the ideas of the French Revolution.
March 1799: The Helvetic Republic annexed the Three Leagues and created the Canton of Raetia.
January 1803: Rottweil acquired by the Duchy of Württemberg.
February 1803: Instability in the Republic reached its peak in 1802-03—including the Stecklikrieg civil war of 1802. Together with local resistance, financial problems caused the Helvetic Republic to collapse. On 19 February 1803, the Act of Mediation restored the cantons. In 1803 Napoleon's Act of Mediation partially restored the sovereignty of the cantons, and the former subject territories of Aargau, Thurgau, Vaud, and Ticino became cantons with equal rights. the Three Leagues, formerly an associate (Zogewandter Ort) but not a full member of the confederacy, became a full member as the canton of Graubünden. In contrast, the territories of Biel, Valais, the former Principality of Neuchâtel (the later canton of Neuchâtel), of the Bishopric of Basel (the later Bernese Jura), and of Geneva did not become part of the Swiss confederacy until the end of the Napoleonic era.
February 1803: With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 in the course of the reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire, Tarasp fell to the Helvetic Republic as the last Austrian enclave in Switzerland.
8.1.War of the First Coalition
Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.
December 1792: Secession of the Rauracian Republic, partly composed of territories belonging to the Abbey of Basel.
March 1797: On 9 December 1797, Frédéric-César de La Harpe, a member of the Helvetian Club from Vaud, asked France to invade Bern to protect Vaud. Seeing a chance to remove a feudal neighbor and gain Bern's wealth, France agreed. By February 1798, French troops occupied Mulhouse and Biel/Bienne. Meanwhile, another army entered Vaud, and the Lemanic Republic was proclaimed.
October 1797: In 1797, the districts of Chiavenna, Valtellina, and Bormio, dependencies of the Three Leagues (an associate of the Confederation), revolted under the encouragement of France. They were quickly invaded and annexed to the Cisalpine Republic on 10 October 1797.
8.1.1.Italian theatre (War of the first coalition)
Was the Italian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
February 1797: French troops advanced directly toward Austria over the Julian Alps. General Barthélemy Joubert invaded Tyrol.
8.1.2.Rhine campaign of 1799
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
September 1796: The Austrians established a strong cordon that forced General Jean Victor Marie Moreau to shift his forces southward to the remaining bridgehead at Hüningen.
8.1.3.Rhine campaign of 1802
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
February 1797: The French handed over the east-bank bridgehead at Hüningen.
8.1.4.Treaty of Campo Formio
Was a treaty between France and Austria that ended the War of the First Coalition.
January 1798: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
8.2.War of the Second Coalition
Was the second war that saw revolutionary France against most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.
8.2.1.German Front (War of the Second Coalition)
Was the German theatre of the War of the Fifth Coalition.
May 1800: After French general Claude Lecourbe had captured Stockach, the Austrians led by general Paul Kray retreated to Messkirch, where they enjoyed a more favourable defensive position.
8.2.2.Suvorov Swiss campaign
Was a military campaign led by Russian general Alexander Suvorov against France that took place in Switzlerand.
May 1799: French army defeated at the Battle of Winterthur.
September 1799: In 1799, during the Second Battle of Zürich, the French army led by André Masséna defeated the Russian forces commanded by Alexander Korsakov. This victory forced Korsakov to retreat to Schaffhausen in the territory of the Helvetic Republic.
8.3.French invasion of Switzerland
French invasion of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
January 1798: French troops under general Ménard invaded Vaud.
April 1798: On April 12, 1798, 121 cantonal deputies proclaimed the Helvetic Republic under the auspices of the French occupying forces. The Helvetic Republic was a centralized state based on the ideas of the French Revolution.
8.4.War of the Third Coalition
Was a European conflict spanning the years 1805 to 1806. During the war, France and its client states under Napoleon I opposed an alliance, the Third Coalition, made up of the United Kingdom, the Holy Roman Empire, the Russian Empire, Naples, Sicily, and Sweden. Prussia remained neutral during the war.
8.4.1.Peace of Pressburg
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Third Coalition.
December 1805: The Fricktal passed to the Swiss Confederation with the Napoleonic Acts of Mediation.
December 1805: After the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz and the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, Further Austria was entirely dissolved and the former Habsburg territories were assigned to the Grand Duchy of Baden (Breisgau), the Kingdom of Württemberg (Rottenburg and Horb) and the Kingdom of Bavaria (Weitnau Günzburg, Weißenhorn). Minor estates passed to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
8.5.War of the Sixth Coalition
Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.
May 1814: The Valtellina, formerly owned by Graubunden, was granted to Austria.
8.6.Congress of Vienna
Was a series of international diplomatic meetings after the end of the Napoleonic wars whose aim was a long-term peace plan for Europe. It redraw the borders of Europe and partially restored the Monarchies of the pre-revolutionary period.
September 1814: On 29 December under pressure from Austria, the Diet abolished the 1803 constitution which had been created by Napoleon in the Act of Mediation. On 6 April 1814 the so-called Long Diet met to replace the constitution. The Diet remained dead-locked until 12 September when Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva were raised to full members of the Confederation.
September 1814: Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva were raised to full members of the Swiss Confederation.
March 1815: On 20 March 1815 Bern was given the town of Biel/Bienne and much of the land that had been owned by the Bishop of Basel as compensation for lost territories.
January 1325: Bern annexes Laupen.
January 1332: Regensberg was a family of counts from the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland. The family had possessions in the medieval Zürichgau from the probably mid-11th century and became extinct in 1331 AD. With the extinction of the male line, the city republic of Zürich laid claim to the Regensberg lands and formed the Herrschaft Regensberg respectively Äussere Vogtei.
January 1333: In 1332, the city of Lucerne, trying to achieve Reichsfreiheit from the Habsburgs, joined the Swiss Confederacy.
January 1352: Zürich joined the Swiss Confederation.
May 1352: On May 1, 1351, Zug was finally completely surrounded by federal territory. On June 8, 1352, the Confederates besieged the city of Zug after the surrounding area had offered no resistance. When Duke Albrecht of Habsburg refused to send help, the city was handed over.
January 1354: Solothurn becomes an associate of the Swiss Confederacy.
January 1354: Bern joined the Old Swiss Confederation in 1353.
January 1383: Biel signs treaties of association with Fribourg, Bern and Solothurn.
January 1384: Selzach came under Solothurn rule in 1389.
January 1385: Mülner Lordship sold to Zurich.
January 1386: Threatened by the expansion policy of the city of Lucerne, the town of Sempach joined Lucerne on January 6, 1386.
January 1396: The Free Imperial Valley of Glarus becomes a member of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1398: In 1397 the castle of Unspunnen came into the possession of the Bernese.
January 1401: In 1400, Frutigen and other towns in the Bernese Oberland were incorporated into the Old Swiss Confederacy.
January 1402: St. Gallen looses the territory of Appenzell to the Swiss Confederation.
January 1403: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
January 1404: Biasca was occupied in 1403 by troops from the cantons Uri and Obwalden.
January 1404: Freiburg im Üechtland renews an alliance treaty with Bern ("Burgrecht treaty").
January 1407: The county of Neuchâtel signs a treaty of association with Bern and Solothurn.
January 1409: Bern bought Thun and Burgdorf, the most important cities of Neu-Kyburg, and the remaining towns of Neu-Kyburg by 1408.
January 1413: The Swiss conquered the Aargau. A large part became Bernese, while the County of Baden was subsequently administered by the confederation as a common property until 1798.
January 1416: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
January 1420: The Swiss tried several times to undermine the Visconti power of Bellinzona and to take possession of the city and manors to control the transit routes south of the Alpine passes. They succeeded in 1419 not by force of arms, but with the purchase of castles of the Bellinzona from the De Sacco lords, who had owned them since 1403.
June 1422: The battle of Arbedo, fought on 30 June 1422, once again at the Campi Canini, and the harsh defeat of the Swiss confederates, sanctioned the definitive reconquest of Bellinzona by the Milanese Duchy.
January 1426: The Engelberg Monastery becomes an associated member of Swiss Confederation.
January 1437: In 1436, the county of Toggenburg became a protectorate of Schwyz and Glarus, as well as a subject of the Abbey of St. Gall. This was a significant development in the region, as these territories were part of the Old Swiss Confederacy at the time.
January 1437: The county of Toggenburg becomes a protectorate of Schwyz and Glarus.
January 1438: The county of Sargans signs a treaty of association with Glarus and Schwyz.
January 1440: Uri temporary occupies the region of Blenio (in modern-day Ticino, Siwtzerland).
January 1441: Uri leaves the region of Blenio.
January 1450: Uri temporary occupies the region of Blenio (in modern-day Ticino, Siwtzerland).
January 1451: Uri leaves the region of Blenio.
January 1452: St. Gallen Abbey becomes a protectorate of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1454: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
January 1455: The city of Schaffhausen allied with six of the Swiss confederates in 1454.
January 1459: The Barons of Sax-Forstegg made an alliance with the Old Confederation in 1458.
June 1461: Duke Sigismund of Austria got involved in a power struggle with Pope Pius II over the nomination of a bishop in Tyrol in 1460. The confederates took advantage of the problems of the Habsburgs and conquered the Habsburg Thurgau and the region of Sargans in the autumn of 1460, which became both commonly administered property. In a peace treaty from June 1, 1461, the duke had no choice but to accept the new situation.
January 1464: With the decline of the nobility in the 14th century and the growth of the cities, more and more areas of the Buchsgau came under the influence of Bern and Solothurn. Solothurn became lord of the Gäu in 1463, Bern of the Bipperamt, which still belongs to the canton of Bern today.
January 1464: The Imperial City of Rottweil becomes an ally of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1467: Uri temporary occupies the region of Blenio (in modern-day Ticino, Siwtzerland).
January 1470: Uri leaves the region of Blenio.
January 1478: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XV century.
January 1479: Uri temporary occupies the region of Blenio (in modern-day Ticino, Siwtzerland).
January 1480: Uri leaves the region of Blenio.
January 1482: Freiburg joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1481.
January 1484: Sargans is sold to the Swiss Confederation.
January 1496: Biasca was probably annexed to the Old Swiss Confederacy together with the Blenio valley starting from 1495.
January 1499: In 1497 and 1498 the Three Leagues allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy after the Habsburgs acquired the possessions of the extinct Toggenburg dynasty in 1496, siding with the Confederacy in the Swabian War three years later.
April 1500: Following the capture and execution of Ludovico Sforza in April 1500 and seeking protection from France, Bellinzona joined the Swiss Confederation on April 14, 1500. Bellinzona would remain under the joint administration of Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden until the creation of the Helvetic Republic after the Napoleonic invasion of Switzerland in 1798.
July 1501: After the Swabian and Swiss wars in 1499, Basel turned to the Confederation, which it joined on July 13, 1501 as the eleventh place.
January 1502: Schaffhausen became a full member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501.
January 1513: In 1512, Locarno, the Maggia Valley, Lugano and Mendrisio were annexed by the Swiss Confederacy. Subsequently, the upper valley of the Ticino river, from the St. Gotthard to the town of Biasca (Leventina Valley) was part of the Canton of Uri. The remaining territory (Baliaggi Ultramontani, Ennetbergische Vogteien, the Bailiwicks Beyond the Mountains) was administered by the Twelve Cantons.
January 1514: The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, like Ausserrhoden, has been a member of the Confederation since 1513.
January 1516: Mühlhausen (Alsace) becomes an ally of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1517: In 1516 Airolo was subjected to the Old Swiss Confederation.
January 1527: The Bishopric of Geneva/Genf joined the Swiss Confederation as ally.
January 1530: In 1529 the city of Bern acquired the village and Herrschaft of Signau.
January 1537: Monthey is conquered by Valais.
January 1537: Conquest of Vaud by Bern in 1536.
January 1537: Lausanne was subject to Bern from 1536 to 1798.
January 1537: Gruyere was a Savoyard fiefdom until 1536.
January 1548: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Reformation.
January 1549: From 1548, the County of Gruyeres was a part of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1554: The lavish lifestyle of the Counts of Gruyeres gradually led to financial difficulties. After 1500, various areas had to be sold: the Lordship of Aigremont to Bern, the Lordship of Jaun and the Lordship of Corbières to Fribourg.
January 1580: Prince-Bishop of Basel Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee allied himself with the seven Catholic towns of the Old Confederation in 1579.
January 1616: In 1615 the city of Zurich acquired the County of Sax-Forstegg.
January 1657: On July 17, 1651, Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz sold the Rafzerfeld[20] with all sovereign rights to the city of Zurich and in 1656 the northern part of the county to the city of Schaffhausen, which had belonged to the Confederation since 1501.
January 1699: Sumiswald was sold to the city of Bern for 36,000 Reichs thaler in 1698.
June 1707: In 1707, following the death of Marie de Nemours, Duchess of Nemours and Princess of Neuchâtel, the city, which was on the border of the Swiss Confederation, had to choose her successor from among fifteen claimants.the Protestant cantons of the Swiss Confederation encouraged Neuchâtel to select the Protestant King Frederick I of Prussia.
March 1848: A bloodless revolution in Neuchâtel declared itself, on March 1, 1848, a republic within the Swiss Confederation.
Selected Sources
Articles secrets et convention additionelle du traité de Campo Formio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2024 on https://books.google.de/books?id=SStJAAAAcAAJ&dq=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&f=false
BURGSTELLE WESSENBERG. Burgenwelt. Retrieved on 5 April 2024 on https://www.burgenwelt.org/schweiz/wessenberg/object.php
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany)
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), p. 48
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 34-35
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 38-39
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), pp. 42-43
Frieden von Campoformio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2014 on https://books.google.de/books?id=UbGMtENHaBIC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false
Krumenacker, Y. (2008): La Guerre de Trente Ans, Paris, Ellipses, pp. 146-147
Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, Munich (Germany), p. 248
Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, Munich (Germany), p. 281
Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, Munich (Germany), pp. 791-792
Schmiele, E. (1887): Zur Geschichte des schwedisch-polnischen Krieges von 1655 bis 1660, Berlin (Germany), p. 5
Zeller, O. (2024): La Bresse et le pouvoir: Le Papier journal de Jean Corton, syndic du tiers état (1641-1643), Dijon (France), p. 12
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