This article is about the specific polity British East India Company and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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Was an English, and later British, joint-stock company formed in 1600 to trade in the Indian Ocean region. The company sytematically took control of large territories, in particular it was able to size the whole Indian Subcontinent through direct or indirect (Princely States) rule. Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown assuming direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.
Establishment
January 1612: The English settled in the Masulipatnam in 1611.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a process of military conquest from 1609 to 1621 by the Dutch East India Company of the Banda Islands.
December 1616: English merchant-adventurer Nathaniel Courthope took control of the island of Run with 30 soldiers.
November 1620: The Dutch proceeded to besiege the English fortress of Run for 1,540 days (over 4 years) and finally managed to conquer it in 1620, after which the English abandoned the island.
Was a global conflict between the Portuguese Empire and the Dutch Empire. The conflict primarily saw the Dutch companies invading Portuguese colonies in the Americas, Africa, and the East Indies.
2.1.Operations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
Were the military operations of the Dutch in the Pacific and Indian Oceans during the Dutch-Portuguese War.
January 1622: The Battle of Hormuz in 1621/2 against the English East India Company resulted in the loss of the fortress of Hormuz to the combined forces of Persia and England which dislodged the Portuguese from the Middle East.
Was a revolution in England and Scotland that led to the deposition of Catholic King James II.
November 1688: By November 1688 William of Orange, who was Stadtholder of the Netherlands, and his wife Mary, were in control of England and Wales. They would later become King and Queen of Great Britain.
Were a series of wars fought by the British East India Company in the Indian Subcontinent that resulted in the British conquest and colonial rule of the region.
4.1.Child's War
Was a conflict between the English East India Company and the Mughal Empire. It was the first Anglo-Indian War on the Indian subcontinent.
January 1689: Emperor Aurangzeb issued orders for the occupation of the British possessions all over the subcontinent, and the confiscation of their property. As a result, possessions of East India Company were reduced to the fortified towns of Madras and Bombay.
January 1691: In 1690 the company sent envoys to Aurangzeb's court to plea for a pardon and to renew the trade firman. The company's envoys had to prostrate themselves before the emperor, pay a large imperial fine of 1,50,000 rupees, and promise better behavior in the future. Emperor Aurangzeb then ordered Sidi Yaqub to lift the Siege of Bombay and the company subsequently re-established itself in Bombay and set up a new base in Calcutta.
January 1691: Set up of a new english base in Calcutta.
4.2.Carnatic Wars
The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century in India's coastal Carnatic region. As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India.
4.2.1.First Carnatic War
Was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the first of a series of Carnatic Wars. In this conflict the British and French East India Companies fought for control of their respective trading posts at Madras, Pondicherry, and Cuddalore.
4.2.2.Second Carnatic War
Was the continuation of the first Carnatic War in India despites the end of the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe.
January 1752: In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot.
4.2.3.Third Carnatic War
The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India.
4.3.Anglo-Mysore Wars
Were a series of four wars fought during the last three decades of the 18th century between the Sultanate of Mysore on the one hand, and the British East India Company, Maratha Empire, Kingdom of Travancore, and the Kingdom of Hyderabad on the other. The fourth war resulted in the dismantlement of Mysore to the benefit of the East India Company, which took control of much of the Indian subcontinent.
4.3.1.First Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company.
December 1768: In November 1768 he split his army into two, and crossed the ghats into the Carnatic, regaining control of many minor posts held by the British. En route to Erode Hyder overwhelmed one contingent of British, who were sent as prisoners to Seringapatam when it was established that one of its officers was fighting in violation of a parole agreement. After rapidly establishing control over much of the southern Carnatic.
April 1769: The Treaty of Madras was a peace agreement signed between Mysore and the British (Lord Verelst) East India Company which brought an end to the First Anglo-Mysore War. The treaty agree to revert to the status quo ante bellum.
4.3.2.Second Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company from 1780 to 1784.
October 1781: Hyder Ali's forces invaded Tanjore.
December 1781: Coote marched into the Carnatic, and occupied Cuddalore.
December 1781: The British forces, led by Sir Eyre Coote, successfully captured Negapatam after a three-week siege in October and November 1781. This defeat prompted Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, to retreat from Tanjore, which ultimately fell under the control of the British East India Company.
March 1782: In February, Hyder detached Tipu with a sizeable force to recover Tanjore. Intelligence failures led the main British garrison to become surrounded by this superior force; Colonel Brathwaite and 2,000 men surrendered.
April 1782: Cuddalore was occupied without resistance in 1782 by the Kingdom of Mysore.
December 1783: Troops from Stuart's army were joined with those of Colonel William Fullarton in the Tanjore region, where he captured the fortress at Palghautcherry in November.
December 1783: British East India Company troops entered Coimbatore against little resistance.
March 1784: The Second Anglo-Mysore War was ended on 11 March 1784 with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore, at which both sides agreed to restore the others' lands to the status quo ante bellum.
4.3.2.1.Capture of Arcot
Was the siege and capture of Arcot by the Kingdom of Mysore during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.
November 1781: Arcot conquered by kingdom of mysore.
4.3.3.Third Anglo-Mysore War
Was a conflict in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company, the Kingdom of Travancore, the Maratha Empire, and the Nizam of Hyderabad. It was the third of four Anglo-Mysore Wars.
4.3.3.1.Treaty of Seringapatam
Was the treaty that ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Mysore lost about one-half of its territories.
March 1792: Treaty of Seringapatam: Under its terms Mysore ceded about one-half of its territories to the other signatories. The Peshwa acquired territory up to the Tungabhadra River, the Nizam was awarded land from the Krishna to the Penner River, and the forts of Cuddapah and Gandikota on the south bank of the Penner. The East India Company received a large portion of Mysore's Malabar Coast territories between the Kingdom of Travancore and the Kali River, and the Baramahal and Dindigul districts. Mysore granted the rajah of Coorg his independence, although Coorg effectively became a company dependency.
4.3.4.Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Was the fourth and final Anglo-Mysore war. After the war, the Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India.
4.3.4.1.Partition of Mysore
After the loss of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was occupied and partitioned. The remnant territories became a princely state of British India.
June 1799: After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, several Mysore territories were ceded to neighbour states.
4.4.Anglo-Maratha Wars
Was a series of wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India.
4.4.1.First Anglo-Maratha War
Was the first of three Anglo-Maratha Wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. .
March 1775: The Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts.
March 1775: The British occupied Salsette Island in 1774.
March 1776: The Treaty of Purandhar (1 March 1776) annulled that of Surat, Raghunathrao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but the revenues of Salsette and Broach districts were retained by the British.
November 1778: Following a treaty between France and the Poona Government in 1776, the Bombay Government decided to invade and reinstate Raghoba, a claimant to the Maratha throne. They sent a force under Col. Egerton, which reached Khopoli in 1778 during the First Anglo-Maratha War.
January 1779: The British East India Company made its way through the Western Ghats at Bhor Ghat and onwards toward Karla.
January 1779: Finally the British were forced to retreat back to Wadgaon, but were soon surrounded. The British surrendered and were forced to sign the Treaty of Wadgaon on 16 Jan. 1779, a victory for the Marathas.
February 1779: In 1779, British General Goddard led 6,000 troops to capture Ahmedabad's Bhadra Fort from the Marathas, marking a significant victory for the British East India Company in their expansion across India.
August 1780: Bengal detachment led by Captain Popham captured Gwalior.
December 1780: Goddard also captured Bassein.
May 1782: The Treaty of Salbai was signed on 17 May 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. The borders were reverted to the status quo ante bellum and British forces left the occupied regions.
4.4.2.Second Anglo-Maratha War
Was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. .
December 1802: Baji Rao, the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy, fled the Maratha invasion to British protection, and in December the same year concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force.
October 1803: British forces took the pettah of Asirgarh Fort.
December 1803: Raghoji II Bhonsale of Nagpur signed the Treaty of Deogaon in Odisha with the British after the Battle of Argaon and gave up the province of Cuttack (which included Mughal and the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal).
December 1803: On 30 December 1803, the Daulat Scindia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after the Battle of Assaye and Battle of Laswari and ceded to the British Rohtak, Gurgaon, Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat and the fort of Ahmmadnagar.
January 1804: The British strategy included Wellesley securing the Deccan Plateau.
4.4.3.Third Anglo-Maratha War
Was the final and decisive conflict between the English East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The war left the Company in control of most of India.
November 1817: In 1817, General Sir Thomas Hislop led the British East India Company troops, including Colonel Smith, to cross the river and establish positions at Ghorpadi during the Third Anglo-Maratha War in India.
January 1818: Battle of Koregaon.
February 1818: British General Smith entered Satara and captured the royal palace of the Marathas.
February 1818: Mountstuart Elphinstone mentions the capture of Sinhagadh in his diary entry.
April 1818: General Smith's forces had taken the forts of Sinhagad and Purandar.
June 1818: Baji Rao surrendered to the British.
4.5.Anglo-Nepalese War
Was a war between the Kingdom of Nepal and the British East India Company. .
4.5.1.Treaty of Sugauli
Was the treaty that ended the Anglo-Nepali War. Nepal lost one-third of its territory.
March 1816: The Anglo-Nepalese War ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, which has been considered as an unequal treaty vecause it led to Nepal losing one-third of its territory. The river Mechi became the new Eastern border and the Mahakali the Western boundary of Nepal.
4.6.British War with Burma to annex Manipur
Was an armed conflict between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Manipur.
February 1826: The conflict between Britain and Burma, known as the First Anglo-Burmese War, was sparked by the discovery of Burmese plans to attack the Sylhet district of Bengal. This led to Britain declaring war on Burma on 5 March 1824.
4.7.Anglo-Burmese Wars
Were a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. After the third and last war, Burma was annexed to British India.
4.7.1.First Anglo-Burmese War
Was the first of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma lost territories in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan.
4.7.1.1.Western theatre (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in western Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
February 1824: British forces reached Cachar and Jaintia.
March 1824: Burmese general Thado Thiri Maha Uzana defeated the British units in Cachar and Jaintia in January 1824.
4.7.1.2.Burma interior Campaign (First Anglo-Burmese War)
Was a British military campaign in the interior of Burma during the First Anglo-Burmese War.
May 1824: A British naval force of over 10,000 men (5,000 British soldiers and over 5,000 Indian sepoys) entered the harbour of Yangon (Rangoon), taking the Burmese by surprise.
August 1824: The British launched attacks on Burmese lines, and by July 1824, had successfully pushed the Burmese towards Kamayut, 8 km from Shwedagon.
November 1824: Burmese general Bandula commanded a force of 30,000 massed outside Yangon.
December 1824: The Burmese were driven out of their last remaining stronghold at Kokine.
April 1825: Battle of Danubyu.
May 1825: The British proceeded to occupy the rest of Arakan.
January 1826: With a large portion of the Burmese army dispersed at Prome, the British army led by Campbell advanced toward Ava unimpeded until they encountered a stockaded defence at Bagan.
January 1826: Battle of Prome.
February 1826: British army at Yandabo village, only 80 km from the capital Ava, the Burmese were forced to accept the British terms without discussion. According to the treaty, the Burmese agreed to: Cede to the British- Assam without any consent and approval of the Ahom Kingdom in their own region, Manipur, Rakhine (Arakan), and the Taninthayi (Tenasserim) coast south of the Salween River.
February 1826: Battle of Prome.
4.7.1.3.Treaty of Yandabo
Was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. .
February 1826: The Treaty of Yandabo ended the First Anglo-Burmese War. The treaty resulted in the cession of Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Rakhine, and Tenasserim to the British.
4.7.2.Second Anglo-Burmese War
Was the first of a series of wars between the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Burma lost the Pegu province (renamed Lower Burma by the British).
January 1853: Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India at the time, and King Pagan was the ruler of the province of Pegu. The British East India Company annexed Pegu in 1853 as part of their expanding colonial territories in India.
4.8.Anglo-Sikh Wars
Were two military conflicts between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company that resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire.
4.8.1.First Anglo-Sikh War
Was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company.
December 1845: Battle of Mudki.
December 1845: Battle of Ferozeshah.
January 1846: Battle of Aliwal.
February 1846: Battle of Sobraon.
4.8.1.1.Treaty of Lahore
In the Treaty of Lahore of 9 March 1846 that ended the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikhs surrendered the Jullundur Doab region to the British.
March 1846: In the Treaty of Lahore the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and Sutlej River.
March 1846: The Lahore Durbar was required to pay an indemnity of 15 million rupees to the British. Because it could not readily raise this sum, it ceded Kashmir, Hazarah and all the forts, territories, rights and interests in the hill countries situated between the Rivers Beas and Indus to the East India Company, as equivalent to ten million of rupees.
4.8.2.Second Anglo-Sikh War
Was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company that took place in 1848 and 1849 and resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire.
January 1849: Captain John Nicholson, leading irregular cavalry based at Peshawar, seized the vital fort of Attock on the Indus River from its Sikh garrison.
January 1849: Battle of Chillianwala.
January 1849: Mulraj surrendered on 22 January.
February 1849: Battle of Chillianwala.
February 1849: Battle of Gujrat.
March 1849: Chattar Singh and Sher Singh surrendered near Rawalpindi.
March 1849: Sikh ruler Duleep Singh signed away all claims to the rule of the Punjab to the British, who annexed the region.
Was a European conflict caused by the succession to the Habsburg Domains. Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI, and the opposition to female inheritance of the throne was a pretext for starting a war. It was a global conflict that saw fight in Europe, Asia, America and Africa.
5.1.Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen.
October 1748: France accepted the re-establishment of the status quo in the overseas territories. Madras given back to the British.
Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.
6.1.Indian Theatre (Seven Years' War)
Was the theatre of war of the Seven Years' War in the Indian Subcontinent.
6.1.1.Capture of Calcutta
The Mughal Empire captured British-held Calcutta during the Seven Years' War.
June 1756: The Siege of Calcutta was a battle between the Bengal Subah and the British East India Company on 20 June 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, aimed to seize Calcutta to punish the Company for the unauthorised construction of fortifications at Fort William.
6.2.Treaty of Paris (1763)
Was a treaty signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
February 1763: Treaty of Paris (1763): France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.
Was the war of independence of the United States of America (at the time the Thirteen Colonies) against Great Britain.
7.1.Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
Was a conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic during the American Revolutionary War.
July 1781: British occupation of Dutch Bengal.
May 1784: End of British occupation of Dutch Bengal.
7.1.1.Treaty of Paris (1783)
Was the treaty that officially ended the American Revolutionary War between the United States and Great Britain as well as various other related wars. The treaty set the boundaries between British North America and the United States.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
8.1.French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars - Theatre of war in the overseas colonies
The theatre of war in the overseas colonies during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
July 1795: British troops occupied Dutch Coromandel to prevent it from being overrun by the French. Dutch governor Jacob Eilbracht capitulated to the British on 15 July 1795.
July 1795: British occupation of Dutch Bengal.
January 1796: As a result of the Kew Letters, Dutch settlements on the Malabar Coast were surrendered to the British in 1795, in order to prevent them from being overrun by the French.
August 1814: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 restored Bengal to Dutch rule.
8.2.Gunboat War
Was a naval conflict between Denmark-Norway and the British during the Napoleonic Wars. The war's name is derived from the Danish tactic of employing small gunboats against the materially superior Royal Navy.
February 1808: The Danish possessions at Tranquebar was taken over by the British East India Company.
Were a series of struggles between the Kingdom of Cotiote and the British East India Company. Following the war, Cotiote was annexed to the Madras Presidency.
November 1805: Cotiote War ended within months of the death of Cotiote leader, Pazhassi Raja in a skirmish on 30 November 1805. Following this war, kingdom of Cotiote was annexed into district of Malabar in Madras Presidency.
Was a war fought between the British East India Company and the State of Coorg in 1834.
April 1834: The Raja of Coorg was Chikka Veerarajendra, who defied the British East India Company in 1834. The advanced guard was led by General Lindsay, who besieged the fortified position of Somwarpet, resulting in a short but bloody campaign.
April 1834: Two divisions entered Mercara bringing an end to the hostilities.
Expansion during the rule of Ranjit Singh in the Sikh Empire.
January 1840: Expansion of the Sikh Empire by 1839.
11.1.Punjab War
The Sikh Empire took control of the entirety of Punjab from the Afghans.
January 1821: The Sikh Empire, led by Ranjit Singh, took control of the entirety of Punjab from the Afghans as well as local princes.
January 1613: In 1612, England established its first Indian trading factory in Surat.
January 1617: A Dutch fort is established in Suratte (today called Surat) by Pieter van den Broecke in 1616.
January 1620: The British East India Company established trading posts in Surat (1619).
January 1626: By 1625 a factory had been established at Masulipatnam (present-day Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh).
January 1640: Madras is acquired by the British East India Company.
May 1661: On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed Bombay in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles.
January 1686: British Bencoolen was a possession of the British East India Company (EIC) from 1685. It covered about 480 km along the southwestern coast of Sumatra.
March 1702: As William III of England was also the de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic (as Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic), the Personal Union between Netherlands and Great Britain ended at his death.
January 1703: In 1702, the English East India Company founded a settlement on Côn Sơn Island.
January 1706: In 1705 the garrison and settlement were destroyed.
January 1722: The Baroda State was founded in 1721, when the Maratha general Pilaji Gaekwad conquered Songadh from the Mughals.
January 1723: The Al Qasimi emerged as a maritime power based both in Ras Al Khaimah on the Southern shore of the Persian Gulf and Qishm, Bandar Abbas and Lingeh on the Persian shore in the 18th-century.
January 1742: In 1741, Governor Joseph François Dupleix arrived in India, aiming to establish a French territorial empire. Commanded by Marquis Bussy-Castelnau, Dupleix's forces gained control over the area from Hyderabad to Cape Comorin.
January 1750: After 1749, the British East India Company took possession of São Tomé de Meliapore.
December 1754: The Governor of French India, Charles Godeheu, signed a treaty with the British on December 26, 1754, agreeing to evacuate all the territories in India conquered by his predecessor, Joseph Dupleix. The British also agreed to leave the territories of French India that they had occupied.
June 1757: British Lieutenant Colonel Robert Clive defeated Indian and French forces in the Battle of Plassey.
January 1760: Murshidabad was a Dutch trading post from 1710 to 1759.
January 1761: Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760.
January 1761: Expansion of the Ahom Kingdom by 1769.
April 1766: Lord Robert Clive next applied to Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, who in August 1765 issued a decree granting the company rights to that territory. British began occupying the Northern Circars in March 1766.
December 1766: The nizam objected, issuing threatening letters to company authorities in Madras. He considered going to war against the company, but his poor financial condition made this impossible. Instead he negotiated a treaty with the company in November 1766. Under its terms the company received four of the five circar immediately (Guntur, the fifth, having been granted to the nizam's son as a jaghir, was to be delivered upon the son's death).
January 1771: In 1770, Francis Light was instructed by the British East India Company (BEIC) to take Penang from Kedah. He achieved this by giving assurance to Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II that his army will protect Kedah from any Siamese invasion. In return, the Sultan agree to hand over Penang to the British.
January 1773: In 1772, Nagvanshi became a vassal of British rule.
January 1777: Thanjavur was annexed by the Nawab of the Carnatic who ruled till 1776. The throne was restored to him by the Directors of the British East India Company. But his restoration came at a heavy price as it deprived him of his independence.
April 1782: Syburi (present-day Kedah) and Trengganu in Malaysia are conquered by the Rattanakosin Kingdom.
January 1786: Territorial cessions of Siam to the British in 1785.
August 1786: Prince of Wales Island colony (under British East India Company) was ceded to Britain by Sultan of Kedah.
January 1789: In 1788 the British East India Company gained control of the Circar of Guntur, the southernmost of the Northern Circars, which the company had acquired under earlier agreements with the Nizam.
January 1790: In 1789, the Bengal Presidency established a naval base and penal colony on Chatham Island in the southeast bay of Great Andaman.
January 1791: The British seized Cannanore.
June 1791: Sachin state was founded on 6 June 1791. Though over 85% of the subjects were Hindu, the state was ruled by Sunni Muslims of the Siddi dynasty of Danda-Rajpuri and Janjira State. The Siddi dynasty is of Abyssinian (Habesha) origin.
January 1796: In 1795 CE after an heir dispute the Ramnad State was reduced to the status of zamidari by the East India Company.
January 1802: In 1801, the territories of Nawab of the Carnatic (ruler of Arcot and Nellore), Nawab of Junagarh, and Rohilkhand of Lower Doab were annexed by the British East India Company.
January 1802: In 1801, the Nawab of Awadh, Saadat Ali, ceded some territory to the British in return for protection against a threat of attack from the north-west by Zaman Shah Durrani, the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
January 1803: The Nawab of Farrukhabad, Muhammad Khan Bangash, ceded Farrukhabad district to the British East India Company in 1802.
January 1804: Loharu town, the seat of the state's administration town got its name from the Lohars (local blacksmiths) who were employed in the minting of coins for the erstwhile Jaipur State. The princely state of Loharu was founded by Ahmad Baksh Khan in 1803 when he received the town of Loharu.
January 1805: In 1804 British protection was promised to the Maratha subedar, Rao Shiv Rao Hari Bhau resulting in his de facto independence of the Peshwas of Pune. He assumed the title of Rao of Jhansi in the year 1804. He became the first Rao of Jhansi, the area of which extended over 4,059 km2.
January 1805: The state of Pataudi was established in 1804 by the British East India Company, when Faiz Talab Khan, an Afghan Muslim Pashtun of the Barech tribe, who was made the first Nawab, aided them in their battle against the Maratha Empire, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
January 1806: British conquests in India until 1805.
January 1807: Nawab Muhammad Amir Khan (1769-1834), an adventurer and military leader of Pashtun descent, established the Tonk State. Amir Khan rose to be a military commander in the service of Yashwantrao Holkar of the Maratha Empire in 1798. In 1806, Khan received the state of Tonk from Yashwantrao Holkar.
January 1807: Jalaun State was a Maratha princely state in the Bundelkhand region. It was centered on Jalaun, in present-day Jalaun district, Uttar Pradesh. The town was the capital of the state from 1806 to 1840.
January 1807: Dhaulpur State or Dholpur State was a kingdom of eastern Rajasthan, India, which was founded in AD 1806 by a Hindu Jat Rana Kirat Singh of Dhaulpur, Ruler.
January 1808: Gaurihar state was founded in 1807 after a split from Ajaigarh State.
January 1809: Serampore was occupied by British forces during the Napoleonic Wars.
January 1810: In 1809 Tripura became a British protectorate and in 1838 the Rajas of Tripura were recognised by the British as sovereigns.
January 1811: The state of Reman was founded in Patani between the older principalities of Pujut, Jalor and Legeh. It emerged as a single polity under Tuan Tok Nik Tok Leh in 1810. Tuan Tok Nik, also known as Tuan Mansor, a Patani nobleman, was appointed to observe the mining-activities in the area during the reign of Muhammad Raja Bakar, the Sultan of Patani.
January 1811: Jigni became a British protectorate in 1810 under the rule of Pirthi Singh.
January 1812: In 1811, during the period of Company Rule in India, it became part of the Bundelkhand Agency within the Central India Agency.
January 1813: Bhaisaunda state was founded in 1812 by the Kalinjar family. It was one of the Chaube Jagirs, which were part of the Bagelkhand Agency of British India.
January 1813: Paldeo was founded in 1812. It was one of the Chaube Jagirs.
January 1813: Dhurwai State was founded in the Bundelkhand region in 1812 by a descendant of the royal family of Orchha Diwan Rai Singh of Baragaon near Jhansi.
January 1813: Taraon was founded in 1812 and was located in Taraon Fort, which had been a former possession of the Rajas of Panna State. It was one of the Chaube Jagirs.
January 1813: Kamta-Rajaula State was ruled by Raja Kamta Prasad Singh during the British Raj. In 1812, the territory of Kamta-Rajaula State was expanded through a successful military campaign.
January 1813: Pahra was founded in 1812 when a sanad was granted to Sālig Rām Chaube, son of Rām Kishan of Kalinjar, confirming him in the possession of the territory. It was one of the Chaube Jagirs of the area.
January 1815: In 1814, as per the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, the islands of Kochi, including Fort Kochi, were ceded to the United Kingdom. This agreement was made between the Dutch Governor-General Godert van der Capellen and British Governor-General Lord Minto. The Kingdom of Cochin (Princely State) lost control of the territory to the United Kingdom in this exchange for the island of Banca.
April 1815: The Treaty of Sugauli was signed between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal. The British annexed Pauri Garhwal and made Tehri Garhwal a princely state under their control in 1815.
April 1815: Garhwal was restored as a Princely state of British India following the Treaty of Sugauli.
March 1816: The Gorkhas were defeated by the East India Company in Anglo-Nepalese War and were forced to cede Kumaon to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816.
June 1816: In 1816, the Oudh State, a Mughal vassal, became a British protectorate. This decision was made under the rule of the Nawab of Oudh, Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar, who was facing internal unrest and pressure from the British East India Company.
January 1817: On the conclusion of the Gurkha War the British Government placed Fateh Parkash, the minor son of Karm Parkãsh, on the throne, annexing all the territories east of the Jumna with Kotaha and the Kiãrda Dan.
January 1818: By 1817, the British were anxious to have alliances with Rajput rulers and the Treaty of Friendship, Alliances and Unity was concluded between Mewar and East India Company (on behalf of Britain) on 13 January 1818. Under the treaty, the British Government agreed to protect the territory of Mewar, in return for which Mewar acknowledged British supremacy and agreed to abstain from political associations with other states and to pay one-fourth of its revenues as tribute for 5 years, and three-eight in perpetuity.
February 1818: Bishan Singh made a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company on 10 February 1818, which brought him under its protection.
March 1818: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 restored Dutch Coromandel to Dutch rule. After protracted negotiations, the Dutch possessions were eventually handed over on 31 March 1818.
June 1818: The British had no role in the state's affairs until 6 January 1818, when the Raja at that time, Man Singh, entered into a subsidiary alliance, after which the Rajas of Marwar (or Jodhpur) continued as rulers of a princely state.
January 1819: In 1818, Dungarpur State came under British Raj control through a treaty. It was a 15-gun salute state, indicating its status and importance within the British colonial hierarchy. The rulers of Dungarpur played a significant role in the region's history during this time.
January 1819: In 1818, following the defeat of the Maratha Empire and when the Nagpur kingdom became a British protectorate, local rule was restored by the British authorities on payment of a tribute of Rs 500.
January 1819: Serampore is given back to Denmark.
January 1819: After the defeat of the Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, Bhopal became a British princely state in 1818.
May 1819: In 1819, the British East India Company completed its conquest of the Maratha Empire. This marked the end of Maratha rule and the consolidation of British control over much of the Indian subcontinent.
December 1819: On 24 Dec 1819 the Korea state became a British protectorate.
January 1820: The Arakkal Kingdom was annexed by the British East India Company.
January 1821: Expansion of the Qing Dynasty by 1820 after the so-called "Ten Great Campaigns".
January 1823: Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of South Canara by the British the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government.
March 1824: With the desire to divide the Indies into two separate spheres of influence, the Dutch ceded all their establishment on the Indian peninsula to the British with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
March 1824: The British ceded Bencoolen to the Netherlands in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
June 1825: Seven years after the possessions were restored to the Dutch, Dutch Coromandel was again ceded to the British, owing to the provisions of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
January 1826: The Dutch ceded Tuticorn to the British in 1825.
February 1826: The British forces, led by General Sir Archibald Campbell, defeated the Burmese forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1826. As a result, Burma was compelled to cede the territories of Arakan, Manipur, Assam (former Ahom Kingdom), and Tenasserim to the British East India Company. The British evacuated the remnant Burmese territories.
February 1826: In 1826, the former territory of the Dimasa Kingdom was transferred to the British East India Company after the Yandabo Treaty. The last king, Govinda Chandra Hasnu, was reinstated by the British following the treaty.
February 1826: After the conclusion of the First Anglo-Burmese War, the British allowed the Jaintia king only to rule north of the Surma River.
January 1830: The Mayurbhanj State became a British protectorate in 1829.
January 1834: Khairagarh State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. Khairagarh town in Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh was the capital of the state and the see of the Raja's residence.
March 1835: The Jaintias kidnapped four British men in 1832. Three were sacrificed in the Great Hindu temple in Faljur, with one escaping and informing the British authorities of the atrocities. After the Jaintia Raja declined to find the culprits, the British finally conquered the Jaintia Kingdom and annexed on 15 March 1835.
January 1839: Maharaja Madan Singh was the first ruler of independent Jhalawar, who died in 1845. His successor's adopted son, Zalim Singh, took over as chief of Jhalawar in 1875. Jhalawar was a princely state in India, located in the present-day state of Rajasthan.
January 1840: The Khanate of Kalat became a self-governing state in a subsidiary alliance with British India.
January 1840: Serampore was sold to the British in 1839.
January 1841: Govindrao II, its last ruler of the Jalaun State, died without issue in 1840 and the state was annexed by the British in the same year.
January 1843: In 1842, Mohammadgarh State was established in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India. The territory was created from parts of Basoda and Kurwai states when Ahsanullah Khan, the Nawab of Basoda, divided his state between his two sons, Bakaulla and Muhammad Khan.
November 1845: Belasore in continental Danish India is sold to the British East India Company.
January 1847: As a result of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1846), the area between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers, including the hill states, were ceded by the Sikhs to the British East India Company. Thus, Lambagraon estate was annexed by the British and was one of the feudatory estates placed under the Simla Hill States' Superintendency.
January 1847: After the British took over the Sikh territories in 1846, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's descendants became the ruling family of the Kapurthala State. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was a prominent Sikh leader and military commander during the 18th century.
January 1847: Following the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846) and the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), Gulab Singh was proclaimed the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, acquiring all the lands between the Ravi River and the Indus. Jasrota became part of his empire and got established as one of the five districts of the Jammu province.
January 1847: In 1846, after the First Anglo-Sikh War, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was established from territories that were previously part of the Sikh Empire. This marked the beginning of the rule of Maharaja Gulab Singh and the Dogra dynasty in the region.
January 1849: The Sambalpur State was annexed by the British East India Company.
January 1850: Jaitpur State was disbanded in 1849 after the childless death of Raja Khet Singh and incorporated into the Hamirpur district of the British East India Company.
January 1850: The Islamic State of Swat was established in 1849 under Sayyid Akbar Shah with Sharia law remaining in force. The state was in abeyance from 1878 to 1915, during which time it was under British control.
January 1851: In 1850, parts of the Khanate of Kalat were leased or ceded to form the province of British Baluchistan. This territory later became a Chief Commissioners province under British rule.
January 1851: Kalsia State signs a subsidiary alliance with the British Empire.
January 1856: The thirteenth Nawab, Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan (1825-1855), died without issue, and the British annexed the Carnatic Nawabdom, applying the doctrine of lapse.
February 1856: On 7 February 1856 by order of Lord Dalhousie, General of the East India Company, the king of Oudh (Wajid Ali Shah) was deposed, and its kingdom was annexed to British India under the terms of the Doctrine of lapse on the grounds of alleged internal misrule.
January 1858: The Jhansi State was annexed after the indian revolt of 1857.
August 1858: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria.
Disestablishment
January 1858: The Jhansi State was annexed after the indian revolt of 1857.
August 1858: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria.
Selected Sources
De Leon, D. (1886): The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 103-139
Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 8, p. 125 retrieved on https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/
Israel, J. I. (1995): The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, Clarendon Press, pp. 959-960
Stephen, S. J. (2008): The Indian Trade at the Asian Frontier, New Delhi (India), p. 123
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.235-237
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British East India Company
