If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here:All Statistics
It was the most important city-state in ancient Laconia, and for certain periods the dominant military power of Ancient Greece.
Establishment
January 849 BC: Around 900 BC Sparta was founded by the unification of four ancient villages (Limnai, Mesoa, Cinosura, Pitana).
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Wars between Messenia and Sparta.
1.1.First Messenian War
Was a war between Messenia and Sparta that ended with Messenia's loss of sovereignty.
January 723 BC: In the First Messenian War, Sparta under King Theopompus, conquers Messenia and reduces ist population to serf-like status as helots.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Mothone.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Thalamai.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Kyparissos.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Pharai (Messenia).
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Kardamyle.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Thouria.
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Aulon (Messenia).
January 719 BC: Spartiate conquest of Asine.
Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.
2.1.First Persian invasion of Greece
Were a series of campaigns of Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great against the poleis of Greece resulting in Persian occupation of Thrace but also in the Persian defeat in Greece proper.
January 490 BC: The Athenians, troubled by the possibility of Persia using Aegina as a naval base, asked Sparta to intervene. Faced with two Spartan kings, the Aeginetans capitulated.
January 485 BC: The towns of Halisarna, Pergamum, and Teuthrania had been given by the Persian king Darius I to the Spartan king Demaratus about the year 486 BC for his help in the expedition against Greece.
2.2.Wars of the Delian League
Were a series of campaigns fought between the Delian League of Athens and her allies (and later subjects), and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
January 477 BC: Athenai was conquered by the Spartan Pausanias in 478 BC.
January 475 BC: Both Kalchedon and Byzantium (from 476 to 405 BC) were members of the Attic-Delic Sea League.
Was a war fought between Sparta as leader of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, against the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos.
January 456 BC: During the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians, led by their general Alcibiades, launched a naval expedition in -457 to attack the Spartan stronghold of Gythium. This strategic move weakened the Spartan naval power and expanded Athenian control in the region.
January 456 BC: Aegina surrendered to Athens and was forced to become part of the Delian League.
January 456 BC: Battle of Tanagra: Thebes enters the Peloponnesian League.
February 456 BC: During the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians, led by Admiral Tolmides, launched a naval expedition in -456 to attack the Spartan dockyards in Gythium. This strategic move aimed to weaken Sparta's naval power and control over the region.
January 455 BC: Athens occupied the territory of Naupactus
January 445 BC: The Boeotians remained weak until 446, when they revolted against Athenian domination and reconstituted the league.
Were a series of wars in ancient Greece over the control of the sacred city of Delphi.
4.1.Second Sacred War
Was a Spartan expedition against Phocis, that had occupied the sacred city of Delphi.
January 448 BC: The Spartans launched an expedition against Phocis, seized the Delphic sanctuary and handed it over to the Delphs. As a result, the Phocians lost control of the sanctuary; Delphi became independent again.
January 447 BC: As early as 448 BC, soon after the departure of the Spartans, an Attic army led by Pericles rushed to Phocis, conquered Delphi and restituted the Phocians in possession of the temple.
Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.
January 425 BC: The Malian Gulf falls under the hegemony of Sparta.
January 425 BC: During the Peloponnesian War, the city of Naxos revolted against the Delian League led by Athens in -426. The rebellion lasted until -410, when the Athenian Empire regained control of the territory.
January 423 BC: The place where this event occurred was Amphipolis, a strategic city in ancient Macedonia. Brasidas was a Spartan general known for his military prowess, while Cleon was an Athenian general and politician. The territory of Amphipolis was eventually regained by Cleon after it was briefly occupied by Brasidas.
January 422 BC: The territory of Amphipolis was occupied by the Spartan general Brasidas in 424 BC during the Peloponnesian War. However, it was later recovered by the Athenian general Cleon in the following year, -423 BC.
January 409 BC: The region of -410 that fell under Spartan control was the city of Athens. This transfer of power occurred during the Peloponnesian War, a conflict between Athens and Sparta. The war lasted from 431 to 404 BC and resulted in Sparta emerging as the dominant power in Greece.
5.1.The Archidamian War (first phase of the Peloponnesian War)
Was the first phase of the Peloponnesian War and consisted in Sparta's invasion of the territories of Athens. The phase is known as the Archidamian War (431-421 BC) after Sparta's king Archidamus II.
January 430 BC: The Spartan strategy during the first war, known as the Archidamian War, was to invade the land surrounding Athens. The Spartans also occupied Attica for periods of only three weeks at a time.Iin the tradition of earlier hoplite warfare the soldiers were expected to go home to participate in the harvest. Moreover, Spartan slaves, known as helots, needed to be kept under control, and could not be left unsupervised for long periods of time. The longest Spartan invasion, in 430 BC, lasted just forty days. We assume, however, that Sparta controlled Attica.
January 429 BC: In 430 BC an outbreak of a plague hit Athens. The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy.
January 423 BC: The Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines. An Athenian force arrived too late to stop Brasidas capturing Amphipolis.
5.1.1.Peace of Nicias
Was a peace treaty signed between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta that ended the first phase of the Peloponnesian War.
April 421 BC: The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce.
5.2.Second Phase - Deceleian War
Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.
January 412 BC: If the Sicilian defeat had already been a terrible blow, this was followed by a new invasion of Attica by Spartan troops, the outcome of which was even worse than any other military campaign in Attica. In fact, on the advice of Alcibiades, King Agide II decided to militarily occupy the fortress of Decelea.
January 410 BC: During the oligarchical revolution in Athens in -411 BC, Thasos revolted from Athens and was placed under the control of Sparta. This period marked a time of political upheaval in ancient Greece, with power struggles between different city-states and factions.
January 410 BC: Byzantium was besieged by Greek forces during the Peloponnesian War. As part of Sparta's strategy for cutting off grain supplies to Athens during their siege of Athens, Sparta took control of the city in 411 BC, to bring the Athenians into submission.
January 407 BC: Siege of Byzantium (408 BC). The Athenians conquer Byzantium.
January 406 BC: In 407 BC the partisans of Lacedaemon were expelled, and the Athenians under Thrasybulus were admitted.
September 405 BC: Sparta ended the siege of Athens after almost a year.
January 404 BC: After the Battle of Aegospotami (405 BC), Thasos again fell into the hands of the Lacedaemonians.
April 404 BC: The Battle of Aegospotami was the Spartan naval victory that ended the Peloponnesian War: in the battle the Spartan fleet, commanded by Lysander, completely destroyed the Athenian one, ending the war. Fearing retaliation from the victorious Spartans, the Athenians decided to resist the siege, led by Nicias' brother Eucrates, but they had no hope: with no fleet to import grain from the Black Sea, Athens was on the verge of starvation, so it surrendered.
January 403 BC: After a prolonged siege by Sparta, Athens surrendered. As a consequence Athens had to form an alliance with Sparta, the Long Walls of the city were demolished, its territory was reduced to just Attica and Salamis and the Delian-Attic league was dissolved.
January 403 BC: The decisive battle of Aegospotami in -404 BC was fought between the Athenian navy, led by Admiral Conon, and the Spartan navy, led by Lysander. The Spartans emerged victorious.
Were a series of conflicts fought between ancient Carthage and the Greek city-states led by Syracuse (Sicily) over the control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean.
6.1.Third Sicilian War
Was a conflict fought between ancient Carthage and the Greek city-states led by Syracuse (Sicily) over the control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean.
January 397 BC: Spartan expedition to Ionia in 398 BC. Agesilaus campaigned effectively against the Persians in Lydia, advancing as far inland as Sardis. The satrap Tissaphernes was executed for his failure to contain Agesilaus, and his replacement, Tithraustes, bribed the Spartans to move north, into the satrapy of Pharnabazus, Hellespontine Phrygia.
Was a conflict in ancient Greece which pitted Sparta against a coalition of city-states comprising Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire.
January 394 BC: During the Corinthian War Herakleia/Trachis revolted against Sparta.
January 394 BC: During the Corinthian War Anthele revolted against Sparta.
January 394 BC: During the Corinthian War Lamia revolted against Sparta.
January 394 BC: Sparta conquered the islands of Scyros, Imbros, and Lemnos
January 394 BC: During the Corinthian War Echinos (Malis) revolted against Sparta.
January 394 BC: During the Corinthian War Antikyre revolted against Sparta.
January 393 BC: After the battle of Coronea in 394 BC, the Spartan army, led by the polemarch Gylis, retreated to Phocis and then invaded Locris. During the invasion, Gylis was killed in action.
January 393 BC: Following the victory in the battle of Cnedus, Conon and Pharnabazus sailed along the coast of Ionia, expelling Spartan governors and garrisons from the cities, although they failed to reduce the Spartan bases at Abydos and Sestos under the command of Dercylidas.
January 392 BC: The Spartans and exiles succeeded in seizing Lechaeum.
January 392 BC: In -393, the Athenian fleet, led by Conon and Pharnabazus, sought revenge on the Spartans by attacking Lacedaemonian territory. They devastated Pherae and raided the Messenian coast, ultimately gaining control of the region for the Achaemenid Empire.
January 392 BC: Athens took advantage of its possession of new walls (built with the help of the Persians) and a fleet to seize the islands of Scyros, Imbros, and Lemnos.
January 392 BC: The Athenian general Conon, a prominent military leader during the Peloponnesian War, joined forces with the Persian satrap Pharnabazus to launch a raid on the Laconian Coast in -393. This alliance between Athens and the Achaemenid Empire was part of a larger strategy to challenge Spartan dominance in the region.
February 392 BC: In -392 BC, the Persian fleet, led by the admiral Conon, sought revenge on the Spartans for their support of the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War. They invaded Lacedaemonian territory, destroying Pherae and raiding along the Messenian coast. This event marked a significant conflict between Persia and Sparta in ancient Greece.
February 392 BC: The Athenian general Conon, a prominent military leader during the Peloponnesian War, joined forces with the Persian satrap Pharnabazus to launch a raid on the Laconian Coast in -392. This marked a significant shift in alliances and tactics during the ongoing power struggles in ancient Greece.
March 392 BC: Kythera was occupied by Athens from 393 to 387/386, during the Corinthian War.
January 390 BC: Battle of Lechaeum: the Athenian general Iphicrates defeated a Spartan hoplite regiment operating near Corinth and occupied Lechaeum (the port of Corinth).
January 388 BC: Spartan King Agesilaus II campaigned successfully in Acarnania.
February 388 BC: End of the Spartan military campaign in Acarnania.
January 387 BC: In 388 BC, Agesipolis, the king of Sparta, led an army to Agide, a territory near Argos. With no resistance from the Argive army, Agesipolis plundered the countryside before returning to Sparta.
February 387 BC: In -387 BC, after Agesipolis led a Spartan army to Agide (without Argos proper), the territory was taken over by Argos (Argolis). Agesipolis was a Spartan king who led the army against Argos, and his actions led to the plundering of the Argive countryside.
7.1.The King's Peace / Peace of Antalcidas
Was a peace treaty guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes II that ended the Corinthian War in ancient Greece.
January 386 BC: Under threat of Spartan intervention, Thebes disbanded its league.
January 385 BC: The territory of Corinth was occupied by Athens from 393 to 387/386 during the Corinthian War. In -386, the territory was taken over by Sparta, marking a significant shift in power dynamics in ancient Greece.
Was a series of military conflicts fought between Sparta and Thebes for hegemony over Greece. Sparta had emerged victorious from the Peloponnesian War against Athens (431-404 BC), and occupied an hegemonic position over Greece. However, the Spartans' violent interventionism upset their former allies, especially Thebes and Corinth.
January 384 BC: After the end of the Corinthian War, which had seen many of Sparta’s allies abandon her, Sparta began reconstructing its hegemony and punishing many disloyal allies. In 385 BC Sparta attacked Mantinea claiming they had failed to fulfil their allied obligations.
8.1.Boeotian war
The Boeotian War broke out in 378 BC as the result of a revolt in Thebes against Sparta. The war saw Thebes become dominant in the Greek World at the expense of Sparta.
January 378 BC: In 379 BC the democratic party surprised and killed their chief political opponents in Thebes, and roused the people against the Spartan garrison, which surrendered to an army gathered by Pelopidas.
January 375 BC: Chabrias was an Athenian general and statesman who led a successful raid on the Laconian Coast in -376. This territory was then incorporated into the Second Athenian Empire, a period of Athenian dominance in the region following the Peloponnesian War.
January 375 BC: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas and Pelopidas, defeated the Spartans in -376, capturing their strongholds in Boeotia. The Spartan base in Thespiae fell, leading to the territory being incorporated into the Boeotian League.
February 375 BC: Chabrias was an Athenian general and statesman who led a raid on the Laconian Coast in -375. This action was part of the ongoing conflict between Athens and Sparta, with Sparta ultimately gaining control of the territory after the raid.
8.2.Battle of Leuctra (Aftermath)
The aftermath of the Battle of Leuctra, a battle between the Boeotians and the Spartans.
July 371 BC: After the Battle of Leuctra, Belemina was restored to Arcadia, reckoned to be part of Aegytis.
August 371 BC: In the immediate aftermath of Leuctra Epaminondas occupied himself with consolidating the Boeotian confederacy, compelling the previously Spartan-aligned polis of Orchomenus to join the league.
8.2.1.First Invasion of the Peloponnese
Was a Theban military campaign in the territories of Sparta in the Peoloponnese that resulted in several cities controlled by Sparta becoming independent.
January 370 BC: When the Spartans were defeated by the Thebans at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, the Eleans attempted to reassert their control, but the Triphylians, in order to maintain their independence from Elis, joined the Arcadian League in 368 BC.
January 370 BC: After the battle of Leuctra (371 BC) the city was reconstituted and became part of the Panarcadian Confederation then founded.
January 369 BC: Epaminondas of Thebes freed the helots of Messenia, and rebuilt the ancient city of Messene.
8.2.2.Second invasion of the Peloponnese
Was a Theban military campaign in the territories of Sparta in the Peoloponnese that resulted in several cities controlled by Sparta becoming independent.
January 368 BC: Korone was founded or refounded in 369 BC.
8.2.3.Third invasion of the Peloponnese
Was a Theban military campaign in the territories of Sparta in the Peoloponnese that resulted in several cities controlled by Sparta becoming independent.
January 366 BC: Epaminondas marched to Achaea, seeking to secure their allegiance to Thebes. No army dared to challenge him in the field, and the Achaean oligarchies therefore acquiesced to the request that they be allied to Thebes.
Was a war between Sparta and the Chalcidian League.
January 378 BC: The Spartan Army of king Agesilaus II occupied Olynthus.
Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.
10.1.Third Sacred War
Was fought between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians.
July 346 BC: Philip II made a truce with Phalaikos (ruler of Phocis) on 19 July. Phalaikos surrendered Phocis to Macedon, in return for being allowed to leave.
January 345 BC: By the end of 346 BC Philip II of Macedon left the territories occupied in Phocis.
10.1.1.Olynthian War
Was a war between the Kingdom of Macedon and the Chalkidian League.
October 348 BC: By September the siege was over, and the Chalkidian league had been annihilated.
10.1.2.Peace of Philocrates
The Peace of Philocrates aknowledged the territorial conquests of Macedonia in Phocis and Thrace.
January 345 BC: On July 19, Philip II of Macedon made a truce with Phalaikos, the ruler of Phocis. As part of the agreement, Phalaikos surrendered the region to Macedonia.
10.2.Philip II's campaign in Greece (Fourth Sacred War)
Was the military campaign of Macedonia king Philip II in Greece during the Fourth Sacred War.
April 338 BC: The Macedonians took Amphissa and expelled its citizens, turning it over to Delphi.
Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.
11.1.Third War of the Diadochi
Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus.
September 312 BC: Ptolemaic march in Chalkis, Oropos, Attica, Boeotia and Locris.
October 312 BC: Ptolemy (the nephew of general of Antigonus I Monophthalmus) marches through Chalkis and Oropos, as well as Attica, Boeotia and Locris freeing these regions from the occupation of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
Was a war fought between Sparta and the Achaean League for the control of the Peloponnese.
January 221 BC: After the Cleomenean War in -222, the whole territory of Sparta was taken over by Sparta. This war was fought between Sparta, led by King Cleomenes III, and the Achaean League. The conflict resulted in Sparta gaining control over its own territory once again.
12.1.Spartan Domination of the Peloponnese
Was a Spartan campaign in the Peloponnese.
January 228 BC: In 229 BC, Cleomenes took the important cities Tegea, Mantineia, Caphyae, and Orchomenus in Arcadia, who had by then allied themselves with the Aetolian League.
April 228 BC: The ephors sent Cleomenes out. He managed to capture the Megalopian city Methydrium.
April 228 BC: Cleomenes advanced into Arcadia with 3,000 infantry and a few cavalry. However, he was called back by the ephors, and this retreat allowed Aratus to seize Caphyae as soon as Cleomenes returned to Laconia.
January 226 BC: Cleomenese captured Heraea and Asea.
January 226 BC: Spartan King Cleomenes advanced into the territory of Megalopolis and captured the village of Leuctra.
February 226 BC: An Achaean army inflicted a minor defeat on the Spartan army and freed the city of Leuctra.
January 225 BC: Cleonae and Phlius were ancient Greek cities located in the Peloponnese region. Cleomenes III was a Spartan king who led a military campaign to seize control of various territories in the region. After capturing Argos, Cleomenes also gained control of Cleonae and Phlius in -226 BC.
January 225 BC: King Cleomenes III of Sparta seized the city of Argos.
January 225 BC: The Corinthians did surrender the city to Cleomenes of Sparta.
January 225 BC: Achaea was now in turmoil, and some cities were close to revolt; many residents were angered at Aratus' decision to invite the Macedonians into the Peloponnese. Some also hoped that Cleomenes would introduce constitutional changes in their cities. Encouraged by this development, Cleomenes invaded Achaea and seized the cities of Pellene, Pheneus, and Penteleium.
January 225 BC: In -226, the Greek city-states of Hermione, Troezen, and Epidaurus surrendered to King Cleomenes III of Sparta during his military campaign to expand Spartan territory in the region. Cleomenes III was a prominent Spartan king known for his military reforms and aggressive expansionist policies.
January 225 BC: In 226 BC, the citizens of Mantinea appealed to Cleomenes to expel the Achaeans from the city. One night, he and his troops crept into the citadel and removed the Achaean garrison before marching off to nearby Tegea.
12.2.Macedonian intervention
Was a Macedonian military campaign against Sparta during the Cleomenean war.
January 224 BC: Antigonus sent 1,500 men under the command of Aratus to sail to Epidaurus and, from there, he marched to Argos.
January 222 BC: In the early spring of 223 BC, Antigonus advanced upon Tegea. He was joined there by the Achaeans and together they laid siege to it. The Tegeans held out for a few days before being forced to surrender by the Macedonians' siege weapons.
January 222 BC: Antigonus of Macedonia proceeded to capture Mantinea, Heraea, and Telphusa, which confined Cleomenes to Laconia.
January 222 BC: Cleomenes of Sparta conquers Megalopolis.
September 222 BC: The Battle of Sellasia took place during the summer of 222 BC between Macedon and the Achaean League, led by Antigonus III Doson, and Sparta under the command of King Cleomenes III. The battle was fought at Sellasia on the northern frontier of Laconia and ended in a Macedonian-Achaean victory. Antigonus' army occupied Sparta.
The Laconian War of 195 BC was fought between the Greek city-state of Sparta and a coalition composed of Rome, the Achaean League, Pergamon, Rhodes, and Macedon.
January 194 BC: The allies, led by the Roman general Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, advanced to the major center of the area, the Spartan port and naval arsenal of Gytheio. This marked a significant strategic move in the Roman Republic's campaign against the Spartans during the Laconian War.
January 194 BC: Roman general Flamininus advanced on Caryae.
January 194 BC: The allied army marched on Tegea, in Arcadia.
January 194 BC: Roman general Flamininus led his force of 50,000 against Sparta and, after defeating the Spartans in a battle outside the city walls, began the siege of the city.
February 194 BC: The Roman army leaves Caryae.
February 194 BC: Roman general Flamininus led his force of 50,000 against Sparta and, after defeating the Spartans in a battle outside the city walls, began the siege of the city.
February 194 BC: The coastal Laconian cities become independentfrom Sparta under Achaean protection as the Union of Free Laconians.
February 194 BC: The Romans leave Tegea.
February 194 BC: In -194, during the Roman-Spartan War, the allies led by Roman general Titus Quinctius Flamininus advanced to Gytheio, a major Spartan port and naval arsenal. This strategic move marked a significant turning point in the conflict.
January 770 BC: Charilaus was a legendary king of Sparta and the nephew of Lycurgus, the famous lawgiver of Sparta. In -771, Charilaus conquered Aigys and annexed it to Sparta, expanding the territory of Laconia.
January 749 BC: Pharis, Geronthrae and Amyklai probably fell to Sparta in about 750 BC.
January 699 BC: Eutaia was a greek polis in the ancient region of Arkadia. The polis probably existed in classical times based on mentions.
January 699 BC: Oresthasion was a greek polis in the ancient region of Arkadia. The polis probably existed in classical times based on mentions.
January 699 BC: From ca. 700 BC Pellana was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon.
January 699 BC: Side (Lakedaimon) was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Sellasia was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Kromnos was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Oitylos was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: From ca. 700 BC Oios was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon.
January 699 BC: Epidauros (Lakedaimon) was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon from ca. 700 BC.
January 699 BC: Las was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Kythera was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon from ca. 700 BC.
January 699 BC: Kyphanta was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Gytheion was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon from ca. 700 BC.
January 699 BC: Geronthrai was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Eua was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon from ca. 700 BC.
January 699 BC: Etis was polis from at least the VII century BC.
January 699 BC: Boia was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon from 700 BC.
January 699 BC: Belbina (Lakedaimon) was a greek polis in the ancient region of Lakedaimon.
January 699 BC: Phigaleia was a greek polis in the ancient region of Arkadia. The polis probably existed in classical times based on mentions.
January 699 BC: The greek polis of Prasiai is established.
January 699 BC: Lykosoura was a greek polis in the ancient region of Arkadia. The polis probably existed in classical times based on mentions.
January 699 BC: Asea was a greek polis in the ancient region of Arkadia. The polis probably existed in classical times based on mentions.
January 658 BC: In 659 BC Phigalia was taken by the Lacedaemonians.
January 657 BC: Sparta recovered its independence by the help of the Oresthasians.
January 599 BC: Gytheion was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Geronthrai was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Etis was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Epidauros (Lakedaimon) was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Belbina (Lakedaimon) was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: The greek polis of Thyrea is established.
January 599 BC: Kromnos was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Boia was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Las was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Side (Lakedaimon) was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Kyphanta was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Sellasia was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Pellana was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Oitylos was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 599 BC: Oios was integrated in the domains of Sparta. By the end of the 7th century BC, Sparta had become the hegemonic power in the Peloponnese.
January 580 BC: Sparta took Kythira island from Argos early in the sixth century.
January 545 BC: The Battle of the Champions was won by Sparta about 546 BC. This made the Spartans masters of the Cynuria, the borderland between Laconia and Argolis.
January 545 BC: Thyrea enters history as the location of the Battle of the Champions (c. 546 BC) between Argos and Sparta. According to Herodotus, Sparta had surrounded and captured the plain of Thyrea. When the Argives marched out to defend it, the two armies agreed to let 300 champions from each city fight, with the winner taking the territory.
January 454 BC: Neupactus reconquered by Sparta.
January 402 BC: The peninsula subsequently reverted to the Athenians.
January 401 BC: Sparta attacked and subdued Elis in 402 BC.
January 399 BC: Thasos conquered back by Athens.
January 364 BC: Was a Greek Polis (city-state) in the ancient region of Elis founded around 365/2 BC.
January 361 BC: Pisa a was an independent polis 365-62 until being conquered by Sparta.
January 351 BC: The town of Helisson was taken by the Lacedaemonians in one of their wars with the Arcadians, 352 BC.
January 330 BC: Myania was a greek polis in the ancient region of West Lokris.
January 300 BC: Chaleion was a greek polis in the ancient region of West Lokris founded in the IV century BC.
January 272 BC: c. 273 BC the Aetolian League expanded to Hypata.
January 224 BC: Corinth joined the Achean League.
Disestablishment
January 191 BC: Later Hypana in Elis, Corone, Messene, Sparta and Pagae in Attica were joined by conquest.
Selected Sources
Bleckmann, B. (2016): Der Peloponnesische Krieg, Munich (Germany), p. 107-113
Fine, J.V.A. (1983): The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History, Harvard University Press, p. 368
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 510
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 511
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 517
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 525
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, p. 527
Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, pp. 1328-1337
Jaques, T. (2006): Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century, Vol. 3, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, p. 23
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXI
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXII
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXIX
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXV
Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXXI
Xenophon. Greek History, V, 3, 26
Sparta
