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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Denmark-Norway that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
September 1563: At the beginning of the war the Danes advanced from Halland with a 25,000-strong army of professional mercenaries and captured Sweden's gateway to the west, Älvsborg Fortress, after only three days of bombardment and a six-hour assault on 4 September.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.
1.1.Northern Seven Years' War
Was a war fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark-Norway, Lübeck, and Poland-Lithuania between 1563 and 1570.
December 1570: The peace was finally reached with the Treaty of Stettin, signed by King John III of Sweden and Duke Barnim XI of Pomerania in 1570. This treaty restored the status quo ante bellum, returning the territory to the Kingdom of Sweden.
1.2.Second Northern War
Was a war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden (along with their respective allies) over the hegemony in the Baltic Sea.
August 1657: Denmark attacked Swedish Bremen-Verden.
September 1657: Denmark attacked Swedish Bremen-Verden.
1.3.Great Northern War
Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
1.3.1.Phase 1: Swedish Dominance
Was the first phase of the Great Northern War, characterized by Swedish victories.
April 1700: Danish troops set out on March 17, 1700 and occupied several places in Holstein-Gottorf.
1.3.1.1.Danish Frontier of the Great Northern War
Was the Danish theatre of war in the first phase of the Great Northern War.
April 1700: Danish troops entered Tönning.
August 1700: Charles XII of Sweden attacked Denmark by land and sea, forcing the country to sign a peace treaty. The rulers of Sweden and Denmark signed the Peace of Travendal (August 18, 1700), which restored the status quo ante.
1.3.1.2.War against Augustus II
Was a military campaign initiated by Sweden during the Great Northern war. The goal of the campaign was the overthrow of Augustus II the Strong, who was at the same the Elector fo Saxony and the King of Poland-Lithuania.
November 1709: The fishing village of Råå falls under Danish-Norwegian military occupation.
1.3.2.Phase 2: Sweden Defending itself
Was the second phase of the Great Northern War. It consisted in the counterattack of all the countries that Sweden had invaded during the first phase of the war.
1.3.2.1.Danish Invasion of Schonen
Was the Danish invasion of Schonen (in Sweden) during the Great Northern War.
January 1710: In December, Denmark controlled almost all of central Skåne with the exception of Malmö and Landskrona.
April 1710: After the Battle of Helsingborg, the Danish units were so weakened that they left Scania and embarked for Denmark. By March 5, the last remains of the Danish army left Scania after intentionally slaughtering all their horses and sabotaging their cannons by spiking them.
1.3.2.2.North German Front of the Great Northern War
Was the theatre of war of northern Germany in the second phase of the Great Northern War.
August 1711: Danish-Norwegian forces put Wismar under siege.
August 1711: On August 29, 1711, Danish troops under the command of their king invaded Damgarten in Swedish Pomerania.
September 1711: From September 7, 1711, Stralsund was besieged by the Danish-Norwegian army.
January 1712: Frederick IV of Denmark withdrew to Wismar and Mecklenburg on January 7, 1712, leaving the territories he had occupied in Swedish Pomerania.
January 1712: The conflict in Wismar in 1712 ended with the withdrawal of the Danish corps led by Lieutenant General Jørgen Rantzau on January 19. This marked a victory for the Swedish forces in the region during the Great Northern War.
July 1712: Wismar was occupied by the Danish army.
September 1712: In 1712, the Danish army, led by King Frederick IV, invaded the Swedish Duchy of Verden. The city of Stade was handed over to the Danes on September 6, 1712.
October 1712: On October 1, 1712, Bremerland fell as well. With that, the whole of Bremen-Verden was conquered by Denmark.
October 1712: In 1712, Ottersberg and Verden were occupied by Kurhannover, led by Elector George Louis. The occupation was a response to the Danish increase in power, as Kurhannover did not want to be cut off from the sea again. This move was part of the ongoing power struggles and territorial disputes in the region during that time.
November 1712: Until 7 November 1712 Wismar unsuccessfully besieged by a Danish corps.
January 1713: On January 31, 1713, Russian troops pushed the Swedish army into the Tönning fortress belonging to Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
May 1713: Magnus Stenbock was surrounded in Tönning in February 1713 with 11,000 men by a superior force of Danish, Russian and Saxon troops and, after a three-month siege, was forced to capitulate on May 16, 1713.
1.3.3.Peace Treaties of the Great Northern War
Were the peace treaties that ended the Great Northern War.
1.3.3.1.Peace of Frederiksborg
Was a treaty that ended the Great Northern War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
July 1720: All of Schleswig was now united under the Danish crown.
Was a war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
January 1612: In 1611, King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway sent a force of 6,000 troops led by Admiral Jørgen Daa to lay siege on the city of Kalmar, which was under Swedish control. The Danish forces successfully captured the city after a fierce battle.
April 1612: In early 1612, King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway led the attack on the Swedish fortresses Älvsborg and Gullberg, strategically located on the border between the two countries. The military occupation of these territories was a significant victory for Denmark in the ongoing conflict with Sweden.
January 1613: The Treaty of Knäred ended the Kalmar War. Denmark incorporated Lapland into Norway. Militarly occupied territories were evacuated.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
3.1.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
3.1.1.Danish Period
Was the second main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Denmark.
April 1625: The Danish king occupied the towns of Verden and Nienburg, which belonged to the Lower Rhine-Westphalian imperial district.
August 1626: In 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, the Catholic League forces, led by Tilly and Wallenstein, defeated the Protestant armies in the Battle of Lutter. This victory allowed them to conquer the Lutheran Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen and the Westphalian Prince-Bishopric of Verden, threatening the Calvinist city of Bremen.
August 1626: In 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, the Catholic League forces, led by Tilly and Wallenstein, conquered the Lutheran Prince-Bishopric of Verden in the Holy Roman Empire. This victory allowed them to threaten the Calvinist city of Bremen and expand their control in the region.
May 1629: In 1629 Denmark signed the Peace of Lübeck with the Catholic League and withdrew from the war. The treaty restored to Christian IV of Denmark his pre-war possessions, and obliged him to cede his claims to Lower Saxon bishoprics, to discontinue his alliances with the North German states, and not to interfere with further imperial affairs in the future.
Was a war between the Kingdom of France and the Dutch Republic.
4.1.Scanian War
Was a war that saw Denmark and Brandenburg-Prussia fight against Sweden.
4.1.1.Invasion of Swedish Pomerania by Brandenburg-Prussia
Was the invasion of Swedish Pomerania by Brandenburg-Prussia during the Scanian War.
November 1678: All Swedish Pomerania occupied by Denmark (Rügen) and Brandenburg.
4.1.2.Scanian Theatre (Scanian War)
Was the Scanian theatre of war in southern Sweden during the Scanian War.
June 1676: Seizure of Helsingborg.
July 1676: In a month's time only the fortified town of Malmö remained under Swedish control.
December 1676: Battle of Lund.
July 1677: Battle of Landskrona.
August 1678: After facing the whole Swedish army on the plain west of Kristianstad Christian V opted not to give battle but to retreat back to Landskrona and evacuate all his troops from Scania.
4.1.3.Gyldenløve War
Was a Norwegian invasion of Sweden led by its Governor-General Ulrik Frederick Gyldenløve.
January 1677: Norwegian army took and fortified the pass at Kvistrum.
January 1677: Norwegian army took Uddevalla.
January 1677: In 1676, during the Scanian War, Swedish forces led by Gyldenløve attacked Vänersborg, but were met with strong resistance. Despite the efforts of Swedish defenders, Gyldenløve's forces ultimately captured the territory, which then fell under Danish-Norwegian military occupation.
August 1677: The successful recapture of Scania allowed Norwegian troops to regain formerly Norwegian Bohuslän. Gyldenløve captured the fortress at Marstrand in July and joined forces with General Løvenhjelm.
September 1677: Norwegian forces of 2,000 men, led by General Reinhold von Hoven and General Christian Shultz retook formerly Norwegian Jämtland.
4.1.4.Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Was a peace treaty between France and the Electorate of Brandenburg at the end of the Scanian War.
July 1679: The Treaty or Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) restored to France's ally Sweden her dominions Bremen-Verden and Swedish Pomerania, lost to Brandenburg in the Scanian War.
4.1.5.Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679)
Was a peace treaty between Denmark-Norway and Sweden at the end of the Scanian War.
September 1679: In 1679, Denmark, under pressure from France, returned all territories it had occupied during the war to Sweden. This decision was influenced by the Treaty of Lund, signed by King Charles XI of Sweden and King Christian V of Denmark.
Was a war between Sweden and Russia.
5.1.Theatre War
Was a brief war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
September 1788: In 1788, Bohuslän was under military occupation by Denmark-Norway. Prince Charles of Hesse led a force of 8,000-10,000 Danish soldiers in an attack on the territory from Norway.
September 1788: In 1788, Colonel Johan Werner Tranefelt, a Swedish military officer, stationed himself in Kvistrum with 700 men. However, they were defeated on 29 September by Danish-Norwegian forces during the military occupation of the territory.
October 1788: In a week the Danish-Norwegians took Uddevalla, Vänersborg, and Åmål but were later stopped at Gothenburg.
October 1788: Gothenburg surrendered to the forces of Denmark-Norway.
November 1788: The Danish-Norwegian troops left Sweden and marched off toward Norway.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
6.1.Dano-Swedish War of 1808-09
Was a war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden due to Denmark-Norway's alliance with France and Sweden's alliance with the United Kingdom during the Napoleonic Wars.
6.1.1.Danish Offensive (1808)
Was a Danish offensive against Sweden during the Dano-Swedish War of 1808-1809.
July 1808: Norwegian troops captured the fortress of Hjerpe.
July 1808: Hjerpe conquered by Kingdom of Sweden.
August 1808: Mörsil and Mattmar in Jämtland were occupied by Denmark-Norway.
August 1808: On July 24, von Döbeln's Swedish troops increased by 900 units, which allowed an attack against the Norwegians, who were forced to retreat. The resulting armistice required the Norwegians to leave Sweden by 3 August, which they did.
January 1713: In 1712, Denmark conquered the Bremen-Verden state, but sold it in 1715 to the Electorate of Hanover.
Disestablishment
July 1808: Norwegian troops captured the fortress of Hjerpe.
July 1808: Hjerpe conquered by Kingdom of Sweden.
August 1808: Mörsil and Mattmar in Jämtland were occupied by Denmark-Norway.
August 1808: On July 24, von Döbeln's Swedish troops increased by 900 units, which allowed an attack against the Norwegians, who were forced to retreat. The resulting armistice required the Norwegians to leave Sweden by 3 August, which they did.
Selected Sources
Poten, B. (1879): Handwörterbuch der gesamten Militärwissenschaften, Velhagen & Klasing, p. 195
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Denmark-Norway (Military Occupation)
