This article is about the specific polity Habsburg Domains and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
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Composite state which comprised the domains of the Habsburg family until the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Polities that were clearly independent but had a Habsburg Monarch are treated separately (for example Habsburg Spain).
Summary
The origins of the Habsburg dynasty can be traced back to the 10th century. The house takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland. In 1276, Rudolf I of Habsburg defeated Ottokar, the King of Bohemia, and established the Habsburg rule over the duchies of Austria, Styria, and Carinthia. From this point on, the history of Austria became largely intertwined with the history of the Habsburg dynasty, which would rule the region for over 600 years. During this period, the Habsburgs were heavily involved in the affairs of the Holy Roman Empire, often providing its emperors. They struggled to maintain their power in the face of the Reformation, the rising power of France, and the constant threat of the Ottoman Empire. Internally, the Habsburgs worked to consolidate their rule and reestablish the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church, which led to a golden age of artistic and architectural achievement in the 17th and 18th centuries, known as the Austrian Baroque.
In the 18th century, under the leadership of Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II, the Habsburg domains were reorganized and modernized, with the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy and educational reforms. The Habsburgs also participated in the partitioning of Poland, gaining the territory of Galicia.
The Habsburg rule was disrupted by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, which led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. The Austrian Empire was then established, with Francis II becoming the first Emperor of Austria.
Establishment
January 1041: Originally a gau county of the Carolingian Empire, Klettgau passed to the Habsburg in 1040.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a wer between the Republic of Venice and Habsburg Austria over the possession of the city of Trieste.
August 1369: Trieste submitted to Leopold III of Habsburg on August 31, 1369.
November 1369: The war of Trieste was a conflict fought in 1368-1369 between the Republic of Venice and the city of Trieste, because in 1369 it received the support of the Archduchy of Austria in exchange for submission (dedication) to it. The war ended with the Venetian victory.
Were a series of wars between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa.
2.1.War of Chioggia
Was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant.
2.1.1.Peace of Turin
Was the treaty that ended the War of Chioggia.
August 1382: Leopold III of Habsburg duke of Austria occupied Trieste.
Were a series of raids by the Ottomans in the Friuli region during the 15th and 16th centuries, in the context of tensions between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
January 1416: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1415.
February 1416: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1415. The Ottomans left the region after the incursion.
January 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463.
February 1464: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1463. The Ottomans left the region after the incursion.
Was a war between the Habsburg Domains and the Old Swis Confederacy.
August 1468: The Waldshut War resulted in almost no territorial changes. The only exception was the Lordship of Wessenberg south of the Rhine with the villages of Hottwil and Mandach, which was conquered by Bern and annexed to the Schenkenberg bailiff.
Was a military conflict between the Kingdom of Hungary under Mathias Corvinus and the Habsburg Archduchy of Austria under Frederick V (also Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III).
May 1484: Matthias Corvinus invaded Frederick's Austrian lands in the battle of Leitzersdorf.
June 1485: Siege of Vienna.
October 1486: Retz is besieged by Hungary.
January 1487: Siege of Wiener Neustadt.
August 1487: Siege of Wiener Neustadt. After hungary's victory Austria ceded the western lands of Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia to the Kingdom of Hungary.
May 1490: When Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus died from a stroke on 6 April 1490, Frederick of Habsburg was able to reconquer the Austrian lands.
Was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg.
February 1499: In January 1499, the Habsburg governor of Tyrol, Sigismund of Austria, militarily occupied Vinschgau and Münstertal to assert his claim against the episcopal rights and the church association led by Bishop Georg of Chur.
February 1499: In the battle near Triesen, a Swabian contingent was defeated and the Confederates advanced to Lake Constance.
March 1499: However, the Confederates soon withdrew across the border again.
March 1499: The Swabian War of 1499 brought the Belfort's downfall: in order to eliminate it as an Austrian base, the people of Graubünden burned down the castle on March 14, 1499.
April 1499: On April 17, the Confederates moved to the Klettgau and the Hegau and plundered several towns, such as Tiengen and Stühlingen.
May 1499: Swiss forces left Klettgau and Hegau.
6.1.Treaty of Basel
Was the treaty that ended the Swabian War.
September 1499: On September 22, 1499, the Peace of Basel was sealed between Maximilian and the Confederates. Jurisdiction over Thurgau, previously an Imperial loan to the city of Constance, which was to pass to the Swiss Confederacy.
Was a war that resulted from a dispute between the duchies of Bavaria-Munich (Bayern-München in German) and Bavaria-Landshut (Bayern-Landshut) in the succession of the latter.
January 1505: In 1504, Emperor Maximilian I of the Habsburg Dynasty captured the town of Kufstein in the Austrian Tyrol region. This victory allowed the Habsburgs to expand their territories and strengthen their control over the region.
January 1505: The originally Bavarian offices Kufstein, Kitzbühel and Rattenberg in Tirol were lost to Austria in 1504.
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire.
July 1508: Venice occupied Gorizia and Trieste, then of Pisino, Fiume and Postumia. All that remained for Maximilian of Habsburg was to accept the humiliating peace conditions imposed by Venice. The armistice was signed on 6 June 1508 and went down in history with the name of peace Santa Maria di Grazia.
Were a series of conflicts covering the period between 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France, and their Habsburg opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain.
9.1.War of the League of Cambrai
Was one of the so-called Italian wars.
May 1509: In 1509, Rovereto was a Venetian colony governed by a Podestà. However, after the Battle of Agnadello in the same year, the territory was ceded to the Habsburg Domains.
9.1.1.First Phase - The league of Cambrai
Was the first phase of the War of the League of Cambrai, one of the so-called Italian Wars.
9.1.1.1.Venetian Counterattack (War of the League of Cambrai)
Was the Venetian counterattack against the invasion of its territories by Louis XII of France.
January 1510: In 1509 Aquileia was conquered by the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the League of Cambrai.
9.2.War of the League of Cognac
Was one of the so-called Italian Wars. It was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V —primarily the Holy Roman Empire and Spain— and the League of Cognac, an alliance including the Kingdom of France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, the Kingdom of England, the Duchy of Milan, and the Republic of Florence.
9.2.1.Peace of Cambrai
Was a treaty between the French king Francis I and the Spanish Habsburg emperor Charles V that ended the French involvement in the War of the League of Cognac.
August 1529: The final Treaty of Cambrai, signed on 5 August, removed France from the war, leaving Venice, Florence, and the Pope alone against Charles. Francis surrendered his rights to Artois, Flanders, and Tournai.
9.3.Italian War of 1542-1546
Was one of the so-called Italian Wars.
9.3.1.Low Countries Theatre (Italian War of 1542-1546)
Was the war theatre of the Low Countries in the Italian War of 1542-1546.
May 1543: Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, led the French forces to capture Lillers in April 1543 during the Italian War of 1542–1546. This military occupation was part of France's efforts to expand its territory and influence in the region.
July 1543: Wilhelm of Cleves openly joined the war on Francis's side, invading Brabant.
July 1543: By June 1543, French Marshal Claude d'Annebault had taken Landrecies.
September 1543: Wilhelm of Jülich-Kleve-Berg-Mark surrendered on 7 September to the Imperials, signing the Treaty of Venlo with Charles V of Habsburg. By the terms of this treaty, Wilhelm was to concede the overlordship of the Duchy of Guelders and County of Zutphen to Charles, and to assist him in suppressing the Reformation.
September 1543: The Dukes of Orléans and d'Annebault attacked Luxembourg, which they took on 10 September.
November 1543: French king Francis I withdrew to Saint-Quentin on 4 November, leaving Holy Roman Emperor Charles V free to march north and seize Cambrai.
9.3.2.French Theatre (Italian War of 1542-1546)
Was the war theatre on French territory in the Italian War of 1542-1546.
May 1544: On 25 May 1544, the city of Luxembourg was captured by the Spanish forces led by Fernando Gonzaga.
9.3.2.1.Peace of Crépy
The Peace of Crépy was a treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire that ended the conflict between these two countries in the Italian War of 1542-1546.
September 1544: With the Peace of Crépy France abandoned its claims to the territories of the Duchy of Savoy, including Piedmont and Savoy itself.
Were a series of wars over the succession of the Duchy of Gueldria.
10.1.Third War of the Guelderian Succession
Was the third war over the succession of the Duchy of Gueldria.
June 1515: Leeuwarden, Harlingen and Franeker are sold to Charles V of Habsburg.
January 1525: In 1522, the Habsburg army under the command of Georg Schenck van Toutenburg resumed the offensive by pushing Guelders forces out of Friesland in the following years.
October 1528: Schenck van Toutenburg moved his army to Overijssel and Utrecht and managed to easily drive out the Guelders troops, who were already resented by the population. on October 20, 1528, Bishop Henry handed over power to Charles of Habsburg. The prince-bishopric of Utrecht ended and its lands were divided into the Lordship of Utrecht and the Lordship of Overijssel, ruled by a Habsburg stadolder.
Were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Domains. The conflicts started with the partition of Hungary between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs after the Battle of Mohács (1526).
11.1.Habsburg-Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526-1568)
Were a series of wars between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary had ceased to exist after its defeat by the Ottomans in the battle of Mohács (1526). The Ottomans had then taken control of the southern regions of Hungary, whereas the Habsurgs, that had inherited the throne, were able to took control of the northern regions.
11.1.1.Suleiman I's campaign of 1529
Was an Ottoman military campaign led by Suleiman I in Hungary.
September 1529: On 27 September, Ottoman Sultan Suleiman reached Vienna.
October 1529: End of the Ottoman Siege of Vienna.
11.2.Great Turkish War
Was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and Habsburg Hungary.
July 1683: Ottoman siege of Vienna since July 15th.
September 1683: The Habsburg defeated the Ottomans on September 12, 1683 in the Battle of Kahlenberg, ending the Siege of Vienna.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
12.1.Schmalkaldic War
Was a war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran states of the Holy Roman Empire itself.
12.1.1.Danube campaign (Schmalkaldic War)
Was a campaign of the Protestant Schmalkaldic league against the Imperial forces.
July 1546: Schertlin's plan was to disrupt the imperial troop recruitment as early as possible and thus prevent the approaching troops from uniting with the emperor. For this purpose, the Protestant army gathered in southern Germany moved to Füssen and occupied the city on July 10, 1546.
November 1546: The Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich then, after a lengthy argument with Landgrave Philipp, who first wanted to defeat the Emperor, withdrew his troops to Saxony on November 16th. The remaining Protestant army quickly disintegrated under the growing financial need.
April 1547: Because Konstanz refused to readopt traditional Catholic beliefs and practices, the city was punished with the loss of imperial freedom.
12.1.2.Saxony campaign
Was the theatre of war in Saxony of the Schmalkaldic War.
October 1547: At the end of October, Bohemian troops took Plauen in Vogtland.
12.2.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
12.2.1.Bohemian-Palatine period
Was the first period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with a protestant revolt in Bohemia, at the time a territory of the Habsburg Domains.
12.2.1.1.War in Bohemia
Was the theatre of war in Bohemia during the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
May 1618: On May 23rd, 1618, the Catholic emissaries of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II are thrown out of a window of Prague Castle. This event, called the "Defenestration of Prague", marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. Bohemia revolts against the Empire.
November 1618: Battle of Lomnitz: The Bohemians defeat the Imperials commanded by the Count of Bucquoy.
November 1618: On November 21, 1618 the city of Pilsen was taken by the Calvinist rebels. It was the first major battle of the Thirty Years' War, and the starting point of the Bohemian Revolt.
June 1619: The Bohemian army under Heinrich Matthias von Thurn first forced the Moravian estates to join the uprising, then invaded the Austrian homelands of the Habsburgs and stood before Vienna on June 6, 1619.
June 1619: In 1619, during the Bohemian Revolt, Count von Bucquoy, a general in the Habsburg army, defeated Ernst von Mansfeld at the Battle of Sablat. This victory forced the Bohemian Governing Board in Prague to recall Thurn, a leader of the Protestant rebels, to defend Bohemia against the Habsburg forces.
October 1619: Siege and capture of Pressburg (modern-day Bratislava) by the Bohemian rebels. It is a defeat of the imperial forces commanded by Rudolf von Tiefenbach by Gabriel Bethlen.
October 1619: Bohemian attack on Vienna led by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn.
October 1619: The Austrian army commanded by Field Marshal Bucquoy is able to drive away Bohemian forces from Vienna.
November 1619: In 1619, Bohemian leader Heinrich Matthias von Thurn besieged Vienna.
July 1620: The Battle of White Mountain took place in 1620 near Vienna. The Imperial forces, led by Charles de Bucquoy, defeated the Bohemian and Palatine troops commanded by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn. This marked a significant victory for the Catholic Habsburgs in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War.
October 1620: A meeting of all Protestant princes in Nuremberg called by Frederick in December 1619 was only attended by members of the Protestant Union, while in March 1620 the Emperor was able to bind the Protestant princes who were loyal to the Emperor to himself. Electoral Saxony was promised Lusatia for its support. With the Ulm Treaty, the Catholic League and the Protestant Union concluded a non-aggression agreement, so that Friedrich could no longer expect any help. That is why in September the league army was able to invade Bohemia unhindered via Upper Austria.
November 1620: Tilly and Bucquoy crush the Bohemian rebels at the Battle of White Mountain (Bila Hora) near Prague on November 8, 1620.
January 1621: Habsburg forces led by Charles de Bucquoy captured Karlštejn.
May 1621: The Imperials captured Pressburg (modern-day Bratislava).
12.2.2.Thirty Years' War Minor Scenarios
A series of conflicts related to the Thirty Years' War.
12.2.2.1.Invasion of Franche Comté (Ten Years War)
Was French invasion of modern-day Franche-Comté, at the time a possession of the Habsburg, during the Thirty Years' War.
January 1645: Following a treaty concluded with Cardinal Mazarin in 1644, France committed to cease hostilities in Franche-Comté, in exchange for the considerable sum of 40,000 écus, thus guaranteeing the region's neutrality once again. The year 1644 thus marked the end of the Ten Years' War in Franche-Comté.
12.2.3.Swedish Period
Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.
November 1631: Capture of Prague by the Saxon army under Hans Georg von Arnim.
April 1632: On April 15, during the Battle of Rain am Lech, east of Donauwörth, the Swedish troops under Gustavus Adolphus defeated the Imperial forces commanded by Tilly.
May 1632: In 1632, during the Thirty Years' War, the military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein, who was a prominent general in the Habsburg army, besieged and captured the city of Prague.
July 1632: The Swedes reach the city of Ehrenburg bei Reutte, which is, however, succesfully defended by Leopold William of Habsburg.
12.2.4.Franco-Swedish Period
Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.
12.2.4.1.North German Front (Sweden)
Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
November 1637: After the death of Swedish King Ferdinand II, his son and successor Ferdinand III brought the Swedish troops back to Pomerania, leaving the territories occupied by Sweden in Germany.
January 1643: In 1642 Moravia was the target of the Swedish campaign. The Swedes conquered Olomouc.
December 1643: In 1643 Swedish general Torstensson invaded Moravia for the second time.
January 1644: In 1643, when the Torstensson War broke out, the Swedish military focused entirely on Denmark and thus enabled an imperial offensive to Jutland.
January 1645: At the beginning of January 1645 the Swedes broke into Bohemia.
February 1645: The victory of Jankau in 1645 was achieved by Swedish military leader Lennart Torstensson during the Thirty Years' War. This triumph allowed Sweden to advance towards Vienna, a key strategic objective in the conflict.
January 1646: Swedish forces led by Field Marshal Torstensson reached the Danube.
September 1646: The exausted Swedish army led by Field Marshal Torstensson left Germany in the early summer of 1646 and returned to Sweden.
July 1647: The Imperial Army liberated the fortress of Egra (today known as Cheb in the Czech Republic) from Swedish occupation.
July 1648: Swedish Siege of Prague from July 25, 1648.
November 1648: When in November Gustaf of Sweden received a report about the signed peace, he ordered his troops to leave. Also the French troops started leaving the occupied territories in the Holy Roman Empire.
12.2.4.2.Rhineland Front (France)
Was the Rhineland front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
January 1638: France occupies Laufenberg.
November 1643: Battle of Tuttlingen: a surprise attack by Imperial forces caused the French army to retreat across the Rhine.
July 1644: The imperials took Freiburg.
May 1648: The French returned to Swabia and then to Bavaria. They defeated the Imperial forces at Zusmarshausen (May 17, 1648) and drove Maximilian of Bavaria out of Munich.
12.2.5.Peace of Westphalia
Were a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War. Catholics and Protestants were redefined as equal in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire. There were major territorial adjustments. In particular, France, Sweden and Brandenburg had major territorial gains, and several religious territories of the Holy Roman Empire were secularized.
October 1648: With the Peace of Westphalia Sweden received Western Pomerania (henceforth Swedish Pomerania), Wismar, and the Prince-Bishoprics of Bremen and Verden as hereditary fiefs. Sweden evacuated the remnant territories it had occupied in the Holy Roman Empire.
January 1651: Through the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Pfirt was to fall as Comté de Ferrette to the Kingdom of France, which finally took possession of the county in 1650.
12.3.Nine Years' War
Was a conflict between France and the Grand Alliance, a coalition including the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, England, Spain, and Savoy. It is considered the first war that saw fighting globally because battles occured in Europe, America, Africa and India.
12.3.1.Peace of Ryswick
Were a series of treaties that ended the Nine Years' War.
September 1697: Peace of Ryswick (1697): France kept Strasbourg but returned Freiburg, Breisach, Philippsburg and the Duchy of Lorraine to the Holy Roman Empire.
Was a war of succession in the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg between Brandenburg and the Palatinate.
May 1609: The commander of the Jülich fortress, Colonel Johann von Reuschenberg zu Overbach, did not recognize Ernst and Wolfgang Wilhelm and installed an imperial government in his fortress.
September 1610: Siege of Jülich.
Was a war between the Kingdom of France and the Dutch Republic.
November 1676: The French captured the city of Kehl.
August 1698: The French army leaves Freiburg.
August 1699: The French army leaves Kehl.
14.1.French invasion of the Dutch Republic
Was the French invasion of the Dutch Republic during the Franco-Dutch War.
June 1672: French forces conquer Burick.
14.2.Peace of Nijmegen
Were a series of treaties that ended various interconnected wars, notably the Franco-Dutch War.
August 1678: Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I had to accept the French occupation of the towns of Freiburg and Kehl.
September 1678: France took Alsace (in 1648), Franche-Comté (in 1678 during the Franco-Dutch War) and Strasbourg (in 1681).
September 1678: Peace of Nijmegen
The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters. It was a global war, with fighting taking place in Europe, Asia, and America. At the end of the war, Philip II, who was the successor chosen by Charles II as a descendant of Charles' paternal half-sister Maria Theresa, became King of Spain and of its overseas empire. The Spanish possessions in Europe were partitioned between various European Monarchies.
15.1.Dutch and German Theatre (War of the Spanish Succession)
Was the theatre of war of the War of the Spanish Succession in Germany and the Low Countries.
October 1703: Marshal Tallard, a French military leader, captured Breisach am Rhein in September 1703.
November 1704: The Treaty of Ilbersheim between Austria and Bavaria was signed on November 7, 1704, three months after the Battle of Blenheim. It had the effect of removing Bavaria from the War of the Spanish Succession. By the terms of the treaty, Bavaria was essentially placed under military occupation by Austria and the Palatinate.
December 1713: Freiburg conquered by france.
15.2.Treaty of Utrecht
Were a series of treaties to end the War of the Spanish Succession.
April 1713: As a result of the Treaty of Utrecht that ended the War of Spanish Succession, the Spanish part of Guelders was partitioned. The Austrians received the areas of Roermond, Niederkrüchten and Weert.
15.3.Treaty of Rastatt
Was a peace treaty between France and Austria that was concluded on 7 March 1714 in the Baden city of Rastatt to end the War of the Spanish Succession between both countries.
March 1714: At the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, Austria was awarded the Spanish territories in Italy, including Naples, Milan, Sardinia, as well as the Southern Netherlands.
15.4.Treaty of Baden
Was a treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire, to end the War of the Spanish Succession.
September 1714: In the Treaty of Baden the French and their allies returned the east bank of the Rhine River (the Breisgau) to Austria.
September 1714: Treaty of Baden in 1714.
Was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland.
16.1.French Invasion of northern Italy
Was the French invasion of northern Italy during the War of the Polish Succession.
September 1734: Following their defeat at Guastalla at the hands of the French, which resulted in heavy casualties, the Austrians retreated to the Oglio River. They maintained this position for the remainder of the year.
January 1735: The French army entered winter quarters in December 1734, leaving the North Bank of the Po River.
Was a European conflict caused by the succession to the Habsburg Domains. Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI, and the opposition to female inheritance of the throne was a pretext for starting a war. It was a global conflict that saw fight in Europe, Asia, America and Africa.
17.1.First Silesian War
Was the first of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The war started when Prussia invaded Silesia. The possession of the region by Prussia was aknowledged by Austria at the end of the war.
17.1.1.Silesian Theatre (First War)
Was the Silesian theatre of the First Silesian War.
17.1.2.Austrian Theatre
Was the Austrian theatre of the First Silesian War.
17.1.3.Bohemian Theatre (First Silesian WarWar)
Was the Bohemian theatre of the First Silesian War.
17.1.4.Moravian Theatre
Was the Moravian theatre of the First Silesian War.
17.1.5.Bavarian Theatre
Was the Bavarian theatre of the First Silesian War.
17.2.Treaty of Worms
On 13 September, Great Britain, Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia agreed the Treaty of Worms, aimed at the expulsion of Spain from Italy. In return for Sardinian support in Lombardy, the Austrians ceded all their territories west of the Ticino River and Lake Maggiore, along with lands south of the Po River.
September 1743: On 13 September, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Maria Theresa and Britain agreed the Treaty of Worms, aimed at the expulsion of Spain from Italy. In return for Sardinian support in Lombardy, the Austrians ceded all their territories west of the Ticino River and Lake Maggiore, along with lands south of the Po River.
17.3.Rhineland Theatre (Austrian Succession)
Was the theatre of war in the Rhineland during the War of the Austrian Succession.
November 1744: During the War of the Austrian Succession, Louis XV of France besieged and captured Freiburg in 1744. This military occupation was part of France's efforts to expand its territory and influence in the region.
17.4.Low Countries Theatre (War of the Austrian Succession)
Was the theatre of war in the Low Countries during the War of the Austrian Succession.
July 1744: During the War of the Austrian Succession, King Louis XV of France led a military invasion of the Austrian Netherlands in July 1744. With a force of 90,000 men, he successfully captured the cities of Menin and Ypres, marking a significant victory for the French forces.
June 1745: After the Battle on Fontenoy, the fortress of Tournay surrendered to the French.
January 1746: The British and Dutch withdrew from Fontenoy in good order but the French-backed Jacobite rising of August, 1745 forced the British to transfer troops from Flanders to deal with it. By the end of 1745, the French held the strategic towns of Ghent, Oudenarde, Bruges, and Dendermonde, as well as the ports of Ostend and Nieuwpoort, threatening Britain's links to the Low Countries.
January 1747: During 1746, the French continued their advance into the Austrian Netherlands, taking Antwerp and then clearing Dutch and Austrian forces from the area between Brussels and the Meuse.
17.5.Second Silesian War
Was the second of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was part of the War of the Austrian Succession.
17.5.1.Bohemian Theatre (Second Silesian War)
Was the Bohemian theatre of the Second Silesian War.
17.6.Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen.
October 1748: France returned the Southern Netherlands (i.e. today's Belgium) to Austria.
Was a dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia over the succession to the Electorate of Bavaria after the extinction of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Bavaria was finally united with Palatinate (where another Branche of the Wittelsbach ruled) but lost the Innviertel region ot Austria.
August 1778: Frederick the Great of Prussia led his troops to invade Bohemia. The Prussian forces occupied Náchod but did not advance further into Bohemia.
18.1.Treaty of Teschen
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Bavarian Succession.
May 1779: Prussia leaves the territories occupied in the Habsburg Domains after the War of the Bavarian Succession was ended with the Treaty of Teschen.
May 1779: By the peace of Teschen (13 May 1779) the Innviertel was ceded to Austria.
Was an armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) between October 1789 and December 1790. The revolution, which occurred at the same time as revolutions in France and Liège, led to the brief overthrow of Habsburg rule and the proclamation of a short-lived polity, the United Belgian States.
January 1790: A confederal republic in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium and Luxembourg) which was established after the Brabant Revolution. It existed from January to December 1790 as part of the unsuccessful revolt against the Habsburg Emperor.
December 1790: The United Belgian States, an unsuccessful revolt against the Habsburg Emperor, existed until December 1790.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
February 1803: In 1803 the prince bishopric of Brixen was abolished by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and incorporated into the Austrian sovereignty.
February 1803: With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 in the course of the reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire, Tarasp fell to the Helvetic Republic as the last Austrian enclave in Switzerland.
January 1804: The Trento Prince-Bishopric is acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1804: In 1803 the rule of Freising ended, and "Bayrisch Waidhofen", one of the exclaves of the Bishopric, became part of the Habsburg Domains.
August 1804: The territory of the Austrian Empire was founded on August 11, 1804 as a hereditary monarchy by Archduke Franz of Austria, who, as Franz II, was the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
20.1.War of the First Coalition
Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.
January 1795: The French armies drove the Austrians, British, and Dutch beyond the Rhine, occupying Belgium, the Rhineland, and the south of the Netherlands.
20.1.1.Belgian front
Was the Belgian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
June 1792: In 1792, during the French Revolutionary Wars, General Luckner led a 20,000 strong French force to invade the Austrian Netherlands. They successfully captured Menen and Kortrijk on 19 June.
June 1792: The French forces, led by General Charles François Dumouriez, withdrew back to Lille on 30 June 1792 after facing resistance from Austrian and Dutch troops in Menen and Kortrijk.
20.1.2.Battle of Jemappes
Was a battle between France and Austria in modern-day Belgium during the War of the First Coalition.
October 1792: Advancing French forces reach Mons.
20.1.3.Flanders Campaign
Was a French military campaign in the Flanders.
February 1793: The French Armée du Nord commanded by general Charles-François Dumouriez advanced from Antwerp and invaded Dutch Brabant.
October 1793: Dumonceau (France) drove the Hanoverians from Menen.
October 1793: In mid October French officer Vandamme laid siege to Nieuport. At the same time French marshal MacDonald took Werwicq.
April 1794: French generals Jean-Charles Pichegru and Lazare Hoche defeated Austrian General Clerfayt at the Battle of Mouscron. As a result, they were able to retake the territories of Courtrai (Kortrijk) and Menen, which had been under Austrian control.
June 1794: Ypres surrendered to French General Charles Pichegru.
July 1794: After suffering defeats at the hands of French revolutionary forces, Austrian General Coburg retreated to Tienen in 1794.
July 1794: Brussels is conquered by French troops led by general Jean-Charles Pichegru on 11 July 1794.
August 1794: Mechelen, a city in present-day Belgium, fell to French forces on the 15th of January, 1794.
September 1794: Antwerp was evacuated by the Austrian forces on the 24th of November 1794. Three days later, General Pichegru, a prominent French military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars, occupied the city.
October 1794: General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan led the French forces to capture the city of Namur in present-day Belgium.
December 1794: By 28 December the French had occupied the Bommelwaard and the Lands of Altena.
20.1.4.Peace of Basel
Were a series of Treaties between the French Republic and Prussia, Spain and Hesse-Kassel that ended the War of the First Coalition with these countries.
April 1795: Peace of Basel of 1795 at the end of the War of the First Coalition between the Kingdom of Prussia and the French Republic. France gained the left bank of the Rhine.
20.1.5.Italian theatre (War of the first coalition)
Was the Italian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
May 1796: The Duchy of Milan was ruled by the Habsburgs and became the Transpadane Republic after being occupied by Napoleon's French forces in 1796. This marked the end of Habsburg rule in the region and the establishment of a new republic.
September 1796: In September, Napoleon Bonaparte marched north against Trento in Tyrol. Bonaparte overran the holding force at the Battle of Rovereto.
November 1796: The Austrians defeated the French at Calliano.
February 1797: French troops advanced directly toward Austria over the Julian Alps. General Barthélemy Joubert invaded Tyrol.
March 1797: Archduke Charles of Austria was defeated at the Tagliamento on 16 March, and Napoleon proceeded into Austria, occupying Klagenfurt.
April 1797: The French advanced as far as Judenburg by the evening of April 7th.
20.1.6.Rhine campaign of 1800
Was one of a series of battles in the Rhineland during the War of the First Coalition.
October 1796: The French retreated across the rivers Rhine and Elz, destroying all the bridges.
20.1.7.Treaty of Campo Formio
Was a treaty between France and Austria that ended the War of the First Coalition.
October 1797: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
January 1798: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
20.2.War of the Second Coalition
Was the second war that saw revolutionary France against most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.
20.2.1.German Front (War of the Second Coalition)
Was the German theatre of the War of the Fifth Coalition.
March 1799: On 1 March 1799, the French Army of Observation, in an order of battle of approximately 30,000 men in four divisions, crossed the Rhine at Kehl and Basel.
March 1799: At the intensely fought Battle of Ostrach, 21-22 March 1799, French suffered significant losses and were forced to retreat from the region, taking up new positions to the west at Messkirch.
May 1800: After French general Claude Lecourbe had captured Stockach, the Austrians led by general Paul Kray retreated to Messkirch, where they enjoyed a more favourable defensive position.
May 1800: The French army forced the Austrians to retreat to Ulm.
June 1800: After being defeated by the French at the Battle of Höchstädt, Hungarian General Paul Kray retreated to Munich.
December 1800: Austria was defeated by France in the Battle of Hohenlinden (3 December 1800). By december, 25th the French forces were 80 km from Vienna. The Austrians requested an armistice, which French general Moreau granted on 25 December.
20.2.2.Treaty of Lunéville
Was a treaty between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Empire that formally ended the partecipation of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire in the War of the Second Coalition.
February 1801: The Treaty of Lunéville was signed in the Treaty House of Lunéville between the French Republic and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Certain Austrian holdings within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire were relinquished, and French control was extended to the left bank of the Rhine, "in complete sovereignty" but France renounced any claim to territories east of the Rhine. Contested boundaries in Italy were set. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was awarded to the French.
January 1174: Schwyz fell to the Habsburgs.
January 1201: Expansion of the Hababsurg possessions in central Switzerland.
January 1219: The House of Zähringen died out in 1218, which put an end to the dream of this noble family of establishing a territorially closed princely state in the area of southern Germany and German-speaking Switzerland. A large part of the inheritance, eas acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1241: Schwyz is declared a free imperial valley.
January 1246: The County of Carniola falls to Austria.
January 1247: Krain is acquired by the Duchy of Carinthia.
January 1250: After the death of the first Meranian Duke in 1159, his son Konrad III. was his successor. He is only mentioned as Duke of Merania, thus Croatia and Dalmatia had disappeared from the Duchy.
January 1265: After the Kyburgs died out in 1264, their possessions passed to the Habsburgs through inheritance.
January 1265: In 1264 Laupen was conquered by Rudolf von Habsburg.
January 1268: In 1267 Peter of Savoy conquered Laupen.
January 1269: The imperial county of Ortenau entered into the domains of the Habsburgs.
January 1270: Laupen was reconquered by Rudolf von Habsburg.
January 1271: As early as 1269, the Regensbergers sold Grüningen to the Habsburgs.
January 1274: With the end of Hohenstaufen Dynasty influence from 1273, many imperial territories were acquired by states of the Holy Roman Empire.
January 1277: Krain is annexed to Austria.
January 1278: Freiburg im Üechtland was bought by the House of Habsburg in 1277 for 3040 silver marks.
August 1278: Rudolf I of Habsburg defeats Ottokar II of Bohemia at the Battle of Marchfeld and takes over his Austrian possessions: Austria and Styria. These territories, the hereditary states, formed the heart of the possessions of the House of Habsburg.
January 1282: Löwenstein is acquired by the Habsburg Dynasty.
January 1284: The county of Löwenstein was acquired by Albert of Schenkenberg who took the title of count of Löwenstein.
January 1284: For almost 500 years, Villingen was part of the Upper Austria. Only from 1806 to 1918 did Villingen belong to the Grand Duchy of Baden.
January 1287: In 1286, the territory of Carinthia was transferred to the control of the Görz County, ruled by the Counts of Gorizia-Tyrol.
January 1289: In 1288 Pappenheim was granted town rights by King Rudolf von Habsburg.
January 1292: In 1291 Rudolf I of Habsburg acquired authority over the Monastery of St. Leodgar and its lands, including Lucerne.
January 1292: Because the people of Veringen were obviously in dire financial straits, Heinrich (the younger) sold the territory, now called the county, to Rudolf von Habsburg in 1291.
January 1296: In 1295, the rulers of Eschenlohe became extinct and the county was partitioned between Austria and the Duchy of Bavaria.
January 1301: The Habsburg pledged the county of Behringen back to the Veringers.
January 1301: Rudolf I of Germany acquires Grüningen-Landau.
January 1302: Transfer of the Burgau Margraviate to the Habsburgs around 1301.
January 1304: Burkard de Frick mentions the existence of the village and writes that in 1303 the castle and the village of Landser were bought by the princes of the house of Austria.
September 1306: Walter IV von Eschenbach-Schnabelburg sold the castle along with other properties in August 1306 to Albrecht von Habsburg's sons.
January 1325: Bern annexes Laupen.
January 1325: In 1324 the county passed to the Habsburgs through the marriage of the heiress Johanna von Pfirt to Albrecht II, Duke of Austria.
January 1332: Warthausen is acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1333: In 1332, the city of Lucerne, trying to achieve Reichsfreiheit from the Habsburgs, joined the Swiss Confederacy.
January 1336: Carinithia and Carniola are annexed to the Austrian domains.
January 1344: In 1343 the Berge Lordship fell to Austria.
January 1344: The last Count of Berg-Schelklingen sold the dominion to the House of Austria in 1343 and received it back as a fief. When the last Count of Berg-Schelklingen died in 1346, the rule of Schelklingen fell to Austria.
January 1347: After the Berger Grafenhaus died out, Ehingen fell to the House of Austria in 1346.
May 1352: On May 1, 1351, Zug was finally completely surrounded by federal territory. On June 8, 1352, the Confederates besieged the city of Zug after the surrounding area had offered no resistance. When Duke Albrecht of Habsburg refused to send help, the city was handed over.
January 1356: From 1355 to 1797 the town of triberg belonged to the House of Habsburg and thus to the Austrian dominion of Anterior Austria.
January 1361: Aalen is declared a Free Imperial City.
January 1369: Freiburg ia annexed by Austria.
January 1370: In 1369, Tyrol fell through the Treaty of Schärding to the Habsburgs.
January 1376: Montfort-Feldkirch is sold to Austria.
January 1376: Feldkirch is acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1379: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XIV century.
January 1379: The St. Blasien Abbey is acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1382: Hohenberg County is sold to Austria.
January 1386: Threatened by the expansion policy of the city of Lucerne, the town of Sempach joined Lucerne on January 6, 1386.
January 1391: Schaumberg is made a fief of Austria.
January 1396: The Free Imperial Valley of Glarus becomes a member of the Swiss Confederation.
January 1398: In 1397 the castle of Unspunnen came into the possession of the Bernese.
January 1403: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
January 1404: Freiburg im Üechtland renews an alliance treaty with Bern ("Burgrecht treaty").
January 1409: Bern bought Thun and Burgdorf, the most important cities of Neu-Kyburg, and the remaining towns of Neu-Kyburg by 1408.
January 1412: In 1411, Friuli was a battleground between the imperial army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Venetian army. The conflict was between the cities of Cividale and Udine. In December 1411, the emperor's forces successfully captured Udine, leading to the territory falling under the control of the Habsburg Domains.
January 1413: The Swiss conquered the Aargau. A large part became Bernese, while the County of Baden was subsequently administered by the confederation as a common property until 1798.
January 1414: Werdenberg-Heiligenberg is sold to Austria.
January 1416: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
July 1419: The Venetian troops, led by the condottiero Niccolò Piccinino, gradually pushed back the imperial forces of the Holy Roman Empire. On July 13, 1419, the Venetians successfully occupied Cividale, a strategic town in the region of Friuli, solidifying their control over the territory.
August 1420: In 1420, a peace treaty between the Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire solidified the de facto control over the territory.
January 1421: In 1420, Rovereto became a Venetian colony after being annexed by the Republic of Venice. The territory was governed by a Podestà, Provveditore, and Castellano appointed by Venice until 1509.
January 1438: When Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg died in 1437, the Bohemian estates elected Albert of Austria as his successor.
January 1452: The Elder line of Montfort sold its territories to Austria.
January 1454: In 1452 the duke pledged his county and state of Friedberg to the steward Eberhard von Waldburg, including the castle and the town of Scheer, the castle, castle stables, town grounds, courts, compulsions, bans, fishing rights, taxes, plus the bailiwick of the villages of Tissen (Groß - and small bites). This pledge agreement was converted into a purchase agreement a few days later.
January 1454: Acquisitions of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the Zürichgau.
January 1458: After Ladislaus the Posthumous, who was both King of Bohemia and Duke of Austria, died of leukemia in 1457, the Bohemian estates elected George of Poděbrady as king of Bohemia.
June 1461: Duke Sigismund of Austria got involved in a power struggle with Pope Pius II over the nomination of a bishop in Tyrol in 1460. The confederates took advantage of the problems of the Habsburgs and conquered the Habsburg Thurgau and the region of Sargans in the autumn of 1460, which became both commonly administered property. In a peace treaty from June 1, 1461, the duke had no choice but to accept the new situation.
January 1466: Tengen County is sold to Austria and attached to Further Austria.
January 1466: Via Duke Sigismund of Tyrol, who bought the castle from the Lords of Matsch for 2000 guilders, Tarasp came into Habsburg and thus Austrian possession as a county in 1464.
January 1467: After several changes of ownership, Count Hugo von Werdenberg sold Belfort to Sigmund of Austria in 1466.
January 1470: In 1469, Siegmund of Austria-Tyrol pledged the county of Pfirt to Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy.
January 1478: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XV century.
January 1478: Through the marriage of Mary of Burgundy to Maximilian of Austria, Pfirt reverted to the Habsburgs.
December 1482: In 1482, the Burgundian territories passed to the Habsburg Domains. This transfer of power occurred during the reign of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, who was married to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress of the Burgundian territories.
January 1494: With parts of the Burgundian inheritance, Charolais came first to France in 1477 and to the House of Habsburg in 1493, but remained under the feudal sovereignty and within the legal sphere of the French crown.
January 1498: In 1497 the city and the rulership of Haigerloch fell to the Hohenzollerns through an exchange.
January 1501: In 1500, the Reichsgrafschaft Goerz territory became extinct and was transferred to the Habsburg Domains.
January 1520: Württemberg proper is acquired by Austria.
January 1522: The Kleve-Mark Duchy is disestablished.
January 1524: The Montfort younger line sold to Austria.
January 1524: In 1523, George of Schellenberg, a nobleman and landowner, was forced to sell Krnov to the Hohenzollern margrave George of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
November 1526: Battle of Mohacs.
December 1526: In 1526 Vladislav's son, King Louis, was decisively defeated by the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Mohács and subsequently died. As a result, the Turks conquered part of the Kingdom of Hungary, and the rest (mainly present-day Slovakia territory) came under Habsburg rule under the terms of King Louis' marriage contract.
January 1535: The Duchy of Württemberg is restored.
January 1536: With the arbitral award of Trento in 1535, Aquileia was returned to the Patriarch.
January 1537: Pazin was acquired by the Habsburgs.
January 1544: In 1543 Nicolò Della Torre had an Austrian garrison set up in Aquileia, putting an end to the temporal dominion of the patriarchs over the city.
January 1548: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Reformation.
January 1549: In 1548, as a reward for the knights' service in the wars against the Turks, Emperor Charles V granted it princely rank and admitted it to the Imperial Diet "with seat and vote".
January 1549: In 1547, King Ferdinand of Bohemia ceded Plauen to the Burgrave of Meissen.
January 1554: Hagenau is annexed by Austria.
January 1556: The Seventeen Provinces were a group of territories in the Low Countries, including modern-day Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Emperor Charles V was a powerful ruler of the Habsburg Empire who abdicated in 1556, passing the territories to his son, King Philip II of Spain.
January 1623: In 1622 Oderberg (today Bohumín) was confiscated by Emperor Rudolf II and fell under Austrian sovereignty.
January 1642: Sternstein County gains imperial immediacy.
January 1657: On July 17, 1651, Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz sold the Rafzerfeld[20] with all sovereign rights to the city of Zurich and in 1656 the northern part of the county to the city of Schaffhausen, which had belonged to the Confederation since 1501.
January 1676: In 1675, the Bishopric of Bamberg relinquished sovereignty over the properties in Carinthia and sold them to the Habsburgs.
January 1702: In 1701 the Margraviate of Baden-Baden was enfeoffed with the Landvogtei.
January 1705: John Churchill, the 1st Duke of Marlborough, was honored by Emperor Leopold I with the title of Imperial Prince on April 28, 1704, in recognition of his outstanding military achievements during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was granted control of the newly created Principality of Mindelheim.
January 1743: The southern part of the duchy and the town of Jägerndorf itself remained with Bohemia and were added to the newly created Austrian Silesia.
January 1766: The Hohenems Imperial County is acquired by the Habsburgs.
December 1777: Electoral Palatinate-Bavaria came into being in 1777 when Elector Karl Theodor took over the inheritance of the Bavarian line of his house (Electorate of Bavaria), which had died out in the male line.
January 1787: Based on Gustav Droysen's Map of the Holy Roman Empire in the XVIII century.
Disestablishment
January 1804: In 1803 the rule of Freising ended, and "Bayrisch Waidhofen", one of the exclaves of the Bishopric, became part of the Habsburg Domains.
January 1804: The Trento Prince-Bishopric is acquired by the Habsburgs.
August 1804: The territory of the Austrian Empire was founded on August 11, 1804 as a hereditary monarchy by Archduke Franz of Austria, who, as Franz II, was the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Habsburg Domains
