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Polity that includes all territories militarly occupied by Russia that are not part of a specific military territory.
Establishment
August 1495: In 1495, Ivan III of Russia sent Princes Daniil Shchenya and Vasily Shuisky to besiege the Swedish castle of Viborg.
November 1495: The siege of Viborg in 1495 was led by Tsar Ivan III of Russia against the Kingdom of Sweden. The castellan who set the powder on fire was Knut Posse, a Swedish nobleman defending the city. The Muscovites were forced to retreat after the explosion, ending the siege.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was a series of wars fought between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan from 1439, until Kazan was finally conquered by the Tsardom of Russia under Ivan the Terrible in 1552.
1.1.Wars of Ivan III
Russian military campaign against the Khanate of Kazan by Ivan III.
1.1.1.Russo-Swedish War (1495-1497)
Was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden.
January 1497: In 1496, Hämeenlinna was severely devastated by Russian generals Vasily Kosoy and Andrey Chelyadnin during the military occupation of Finland by Russia.
February 1497: Russian forces leave Swedish Finland.
A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.
2.1.Russo-Swedish War (1590-1595)
Was a war between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Tsardom of Russia initiated by the latter in order the reconquer territories lost during the Livonian War.
January 1590: On January 26, 1590 the siege of Jam began. The Swedish garrison, numbering only 500 men, surrendered to Russian forces the next day.
March 1590: The Swedes agreed to cede Ivangorod, Yam and Koporje to the Russians and a year-long truce was signed.
January 1592: On January 6, 1592, the troops of Russian generals Mstislavski and Trubezkoi crossed the Swedish border at Oreshek.
January 1592: On January 30, the Russian army reached Vyborg.
February 1592: As the Russian voivodes did not dare to besiege the well-fortified Vyborg fortress, they plundered the area around Vyborg and Kexholm, before returning to Oreshek along Lake Ladoga.
2.2.Russo-Polish War (1654-1667)
Was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that ended with significant Russian territorial gains.
July 1654: In 1654, during the Russo-Polish War, Prince Trubetskoy led Russian forces to capture the territories of Mstislavl and Roslavl.
July 1654: V.B. Sheremetev set out from Pskov and seized the Lithuanian cities of Nevel.
July 1654: In 1654, Ukrainian hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky's forces captured Homel from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
July 1654: Polotsk conquered by russia.
August 1654: In July 1654, during the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667), the Russian army under the command of Tsar Alexei I captured the border forts of Bely and Dorogobuzh, solidifying Russian military occupation in the region.
August 1654: In 1654, Russian military leader Ivan Cherkassky captured the city of Orsha during the Battle of Shklov. .
September 1654: The Russian forces, led by Tsar Alexei I, successfully captured Smolensk on September 23, 1654, marking a significant victory in the conflict.
November 1654: Vitebsk conquered by russia.
December 1654: The combined forces of Khmelnitsky and the Russian Boyar Buturlin struck against Volynia. Despite many disagreements between the commanders, they took hold of Ostroh and Rivne by the end of the year.
January 1655: In 1654, Tsar's troops led by Alexei I of Russia invaded and occupied Ludza and Rezekne in Polish Livonia.
June 1655: In the winter and spring of 1655, Prince Radziwill launched a counter-offensive in Belarus, recapturing Orsha.
June 1655: In 1655, Prince Vasily Sheremetev, a Russian military leader, captured the town of Velizh during the Russo-Polish War.
July 1655: In 1655, Lithuanian forces, led by Janusz Radziwiłł, surrendered Minsk to the Cossacks and Ivan Cherkassky during the Russo-Polish War.
July 1655: Vilnius, the capital of the Great Duchy of Lithuania, was taken by the Russians.
September 1655: Russian conquest of Kaunas and Hrodno.
October 1655: Russian and Cossack forces had occupied the east of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as far as Lublin, with only Lwow remaining under Polish-Lithuanian control.
January 1656: Trubetskoy's unit overran Slonim and Kletsk.
January 1656: In 1655, Prince Volkonsky, a Russian military leader, sailed from Kiev up the Dnieper and Pripyat rivers. He defeated the Lithuanians and captured Pinsk, which was then under Russian military occupation.
2.2.1.Truce of Andrusovo
The Truce of Andrusovo established a thirteen-and-a-half year truce, signed in 1667 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which had fought the Russo-Polish War since 1654 over the territories of modern-day Ukraine and Belarus.
January 1667: The peace negotiations in 1664-1667 involved the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. The Treaty of Andrusovo was signed by Polish King John II Casimir and Russian Tsar Alexis I, ending the Russo-Polish War. The treaty divided the territories of Smolensk and Left-Bank Ukraine between the two powers.
2.3.Second Northern War
Was a war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden (along with their respective allies) over the hegemony in the Baltic Sea.
June 1656: In May 1656, Alexis of Russia declared war on Sweden. He invaded Livonia with 35,000 men and took Dünaburg.
September 1656: In August 1656, Tsar Alexis of Russia's army, led by Prince Yakov Cherkassky, captured the Livonian town of Koknese during the Russo-Swedish War.
October 1656: Besieged Dorpat surrendered to Tsar Alexis of Russia.
December 1658: The Treaty of Valiesar was a treaty between Russia and Sweden, which concluded the Russo-Swedish theater of the Second Northern War. It was signed in the estate of Valiesar near Narva on 20 December 1658. Russia was allowed to keep the conquered Livonian territories for three years (Kokenhusen, Dorpat, Marienborg, Syrensk, Yama, Dinaburg, Rēzekne and a few others).
January 1662: The treaty of Cardis obliged Russia to yield its Livonian and Ingrian conquests to Sweden.
2.3.1.Russo-Swedish War (1656-1658)
Was fought by Russia and Sweden as a theater of the Second Northern War.
August 1656: In July 1656, during the Second Northern War, a reserve force of the Russian army led by Tsar Alexei I struck across Swedish Ingria and overran the key Baltic fortresses of Nöteborg and Nyen.
January 1658: The Swedes recaptured much of Ingria, took the Pskov Monastery of the Caves and inflicted a defeat on the Russian general Matvey Sheremetev at Walk in 1657.
December 1658: On 20 December Ordin-Nashchokin negotiated with Sweden the Treaty of Valiesar, whereby Russia was allowed to keep the conquered territories in present-day Latvia and Estonia — Koknese, Aluksne, Dorpat, Nyslott — for three years.
January 1662: As the Russian tsar could not allow himself to be involved into a new conflict against powerful Sweden, he had to sign Treaty of Kardis, which obliged Russia to yield its Livonian and Ingrian conquests to Sweden, confirming the provisions of the Treaty of Stolbovo.
2.4.Great Northern War
Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
2.4.1.Phase 1: Swedish Dominance
Was the first phase of the Great Northern War, characterized by Swedish victories.
2.4.1.1.Livonian-Estonian Frontier of the Great Northern War
Was the Livonian-Estonian theatre of war in the first phase of the Great Northern War.
October 1700: In mid-September, a Russian advance guard advanced into Swedish territory, and on October 4, 1700, the main Russian army with about 35,000 soldiers began the siege of Narva.
November 1700: Battle of Narva (30 November 30, 1700): the Swedish troops crushed the numerically superior Russian army.
Was a conflict fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia.
October 1632: Several towns and castles fell as the Russians advanced, and on 28 October 1632 (the same day that the historic town of Dorogobuzh was taken), Shein moved to begin the siege of Smolensk.
August 1633: In July 1633, the Russians, led by Tsar Michael I and his military commander Dmitry Pozharsky, took control of the towns of Polatsk, Velizh, Usvyat, and Ozerishche.
December 1633: In the autumn of 1633, Commonwealth forces led by Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski retook Dorogobuzh from the Russian forces during the Smolensk War.
June 1634: The Treaty of Polyanovka was signed by representatives of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by King Władysław IV Vasa, and the Tsardom of Russia, led by Tsar Michael I. This treaty marked the end of military occupations between the two powers and resulted in the territory being transferred to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. At the end of the war the main winner was Great Britain, that obtained territories in North America, the Caribbean and India, becoming the most powerful maritime and colonial of the European powers.
4.1.Third Silesian War
Was the last of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was also part of the Seven Years' War.
4.1.1.Russian invasion of East Prussia (Third Silesian War)
Was the Russian invasion of East Prussia during the Third Silesian War.
July 1757: In mid-1757 a Russian force of 75,000 troops under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin invaded East Prussia and took the fortress at Memel.
August 1757: In 1757, during the Seven Years' War, the Russian forces, led by Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin, defeated a smaller Prussian army commanded by Field Marshal Lehwaldt in the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf.
January 1758: In 1757, during the Seven Years' War, the Russian forces under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin were unable to capture Königsberg from the Kingdom of Prussia. The Russians had exhausted their supplies at Memel and Gross-Jägersdorf, leading to their retreat from East Prussia.
February 1758: In January 1758 a Russian army commanded by Count William Fermor again invaded East Prussia, where the few remaining Prussian troops put up little resistance. Frederick abandoned the province to Russian occupation, judging it strategically expendable and preferring to concentrate on achieving another decisive victory in the Silesian theatre to force the Austrians to the peace table.
4.1.2.Russian invasion of Brandenburg (Third Silesian War)
Was the Russian invasion of Brandenburg during the Third Silesian War.
July 1758: The Russians continued to press into Neumark. On 23 July the new Russian commander, Count Pyotr Saltykov, led 47,000 men in defeating 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel at the Battle of Kay.
August 1758: Advancing Russians, who had by then reached the borders of Brandenburg, besieged and burned Küstrin.
August 1758: Russian Field Marshal Saltykov reached and occupied Frankfurt an der Oder.
October 1758: Despite the coalition's overwhelming superiority of force in Brandenburg, Russia withdrew from Prussian territory (but not from East Prussia).
October 1760: With Prussian forces concentrated in Silesia and Saxony, Brandenburg was left largely undefended. In early October a Russian corps under General Gottlob Heinrich Tottleben advanced through Neumark and joined Lacy's Austrians in briefly occupying Berlin.
October 1760: A rumour that Frederick the Great was marching to the rescue of Berlin with his superior forces prompted the commanders to withdraw from the city as they had completed their major objectives. The occupiers withdrew from the city on 12 October. he Russians rejoined their main army in the vicinity of Frankfurt.
December 1761: The town of Kolberg, located in modern-day Poland, was besieged by Russian forces in 1761 during the Seven Years' War. The Prussian garrison, led by Lieutenant Colonel August von Gneisenau, was forced to surrender due to the town's weakened defenses.
4.1.3.Russia switches sided
On 5 January 1762 the ailing Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her nephew and successor, Tsar Peter III, was an ardent admirer of Frederick the Great of Prussia, and he reversed Russia's foreign policy and ordered a ceasefire with Prussia. Peter agreed to an armistice with Prussia in March and lifted the Russian occupation of East Prussia and Pomerania.
April 1762: On January 5, 1762, Russian Empress Elizabeth passed away. Her nephew and successor, Tsar Peter III, an ardent admirer of Prussian King Frederick, immediately reversed Elizabeth's foreign policy and ordered a ceasefire with Prussia. In March, Peter agreed to an armistice with Prussia and lifted the Russian occupation of East Prussia and Pomerania.
May 1762: The province of East Prussia was returned by the Russians to the Kingdom of Prussia by treaty in 1762.
Was a war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The Russian Empire was victorious and ceded territories in Ukraine to Russia. The Crimean Khanate became a Russian protectorate.
5.1.Russian invasion (Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774)
Was the Russian invasion of the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774).
September 1769: The Russians began their initial campaign over the Dneister into Moldavia. The elite Ottoman Janissaries took heavy casualties from the Russians at Khotyn.
October 1769: With the Ottomans in disarray the Russians took the capital of Moldavia (Jassy).
November 1769: The Russians continued the advance south into Wallachia, occupying its capital Bucharest.
August 1770: From the capital of Bucharest, the Russians fanned out through the principality, only later being challenged by Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Pasha at Kagul on Aug 1, 1770. The Russians routed the Grand Vizier's forces and allegedly one-third of the Ottoman troops drowned in the Danube trying to escape.
5.2.Russian Mediterranean expedition
Was a Russian naval expedition in the Mediterranean raiding Ottoman territories.
January 1770: Several islands in Greece were occupied by Russia.
July 1771: The Russian fleet abandoned the region in following June.
June 1772: Russian occupations of Beirut.
June 1772: The Russians surrendered Beirut to the pro-Ottoman emir of Mount Lebanon, Yusuf Shihab, only after being paid a large ransom.
October 1773: In 1773, Russian forces led by Count Orlov occupied Beirut for four months to pressure Yusuf Karamanli, the ruler of Tripoli, to pay a ransom for the release of Russian prisoners captured during the First Russo-Turkish War. This military occupation was part of the broader conflict between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
February 1774: In 1774, the Russians, led by Count Orlov, occupied Beirut for four months in order to pressure Yusuf, the governor of Sidon, to pay a ransom. This event was part of the larger Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
5.3.Final Russian offensive
Was the final and victorious Russian offensive against the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774).
June 1774: Battle of Kozludzha.
5.4.Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
Was the treaty that ended the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774). The Ottomans ceded territories in modern-day Ukraine to Russia, and the Crimean Khanate became a Russian protectorate.
July 1774: After the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca forced the Ottoman Empire to leave the Crimean Khanate, the Russian army left the other regions it had occupied.
Was an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774).
December 1788: Ochakov, at the mouth of the Dnieper, fell to the Russian forces on 6 December 1788 after a six-month siege by Prince Grigory Potemkin and Suvorov.
January 1789: In Moldavia, Russian troops captured the Ottoman cities of Chocim and Jassy.
August 1789: On 1 August the Russians under Suvorov attained a victory against the Ottomans led by Osman Pasha at Focsani
September 1789: Russian troops drove the Ottomans away from near the Râmnicul Sărat river
December 1789: The Russians continued their advance when Suvorov captured the reportedly "impenetrable" Ottoman fortress of Ismail.
July 1791: Russia defeats the Ottomans at Machin (9 July 1791).
6.1.Treaty of Jassy
Was the treaty that ended the Russo-Turkish War (1787-1792).
January 1792: The Treaty of Jassy was signed on 9 January 1792 by the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, recognizing Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate. Yedisan (Odessa and Ochakov) was also ceded to Russia.
Was a war between Sweden and Russia.
May 1790: Russian forces led by General Nikolay Arkharov launched a successful attack near the Kymmene River, capturing the strategic town of Anjala in Finland.
May 1790: The Russians are thrown back from Anjala.
Was a war fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Targowica Confederation (conservative nobility of the Commonwealth opposed to the new Constitution of 3 May 1791) and the Russian Empire under Catherine the Great on the other.
8.1.Southern Theatre (Polish-Russian War of 1792)
Was the southern theatre of the Polish-Russian War of 1792.
May 1792: Due to the Polish situation (it became indepndent from Russian influence), Russia started the war. Poniatowski, in face of a significant numerical inferiority of his forces, and promised reinforcements by King Poniatowski, decided to abandon Ukraine and move to Volhynia.
July 1792: Poniatowski's army retreated to the Bug River, where Kościuszko's units on 18 July fought the Battle of Dubienka, which was a draw.
8.2.Northern theatre
Was the northern theatre of the Polish-Russian War of 1792.
May 1792: Minsk was abandoned to the Russians, after some skirmishes.
June 1792: The Russians, led by General Fyodor Denisov, defeated Tadeusz Judycki, a Polish military leader, at the Battle of Mir on 11 June 1792. This marked the beginning of Russia's military occupation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
June 1792: The Russians, led by General Denisov, took Wilno from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1792. The local garrison, commanded by General Kosciuszko, put up a brief resistance before surrendering.
June 1792: The Russians occupied Nieśwież.
June 1792: Kaunas conquered by Russia.
June 1792: The Polish army, led by General Tadeusz Kościuszko, withdrew in relative order towards Warsaw after a minor defeat at Zelwa in 1792. This event occurred during the Polish-Russian War of 1792, where Poland was ultimately forced to cede territory to Russia.
July 1792: In 1792, during the Second Partition of Poland, Russian forces led by General Alexander Suvorov took control of Grodno on 5 July. This military occupation was part of Russia's expansion into Polish territories, following the weakening of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
July 1792: Białystok conquered by russia.
July 1792: On 23 July the Russians took Brest.
8.3.Second Partition of Poland
The second of three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth happened in the aftermath of the Polish-Russian War of 1792. Polish-Lithuanian territories were acquired by Prussia and Russia.
January 1793: Russian and Prussian troops entered the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania again and the Second Partition was signed on January 23, 1793. Austria did not participate in the Second Partition.
November 1793: After the Third Partition of Poland in 1793, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The remaining territory, known as the rump state, was garrisoned by Russian troops, effectively ending its independence.
Was an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Prussian territories in Poland. The revolt was caused by the first two partitions of Poland.
9.1.Revolt proper (Kościuszko Uprising)
On 24 March 1794, Tadeusz Kościuszko, a veteran of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, announced a general uprising of Poland-Lithuania against Russia and Prussia.
August 1794: In 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising, the opposition in Lithuania, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko, was crushed by Russian forces. Vilnius, also known as Wilno, was besieged and eventually capitulated to the Russian military occupation.
November 1794: On November 4 the joint Russian forces started the Battle of Praga, after the name of the right-bank suburb of Warsaw where it took place. After four hours of brutal hand-to-hand fighting, the 22,000-strong Russian forces broke through the Polish defences and Suvorov allowed his Cossacks to loot and burn Warsaw. Approximately 20,000 were murdered in the Praga massacre.
November 1794: The commander of the Kościuszko Uprising, Tomasz Wawrzecki, surrendered to Russian and Prussian forces Radoszyce.
Were a series of wars between Persia and Russia in the period 1651-1828.
10.1.Persian Expedition of 1796
Was a Russian military campaign in Persia.
May 1796: Russia conquered the fortress of Derbent on May 10th, 1796.
July 1796: In June, Russian General Zubov's troops took most of northern Azerbaijan without resistance, including the Baku, Shirvan, and Ganja khanates.
December 1796: In November the Russians reached the confluence of the Aras and the Kura.
January 1797: After Russian empress Catherine the Great died that month and Paul succeeded her on the throne, the Russian army under general Valerian Zubov was recalled from Persia.
10.2.Russo-Persian War (1804-13)
Was a war between the Russian Empire and Qajar Persia over territorial disputes in the Caucasus.
January 1805: The war in 1804 began when Russian commanders Ivan Gudovich and Paul Tsitsianov attacked the Persian settlement of Echmiadzin, leading to the territory falling under Russian military occupation. Echmiadzin is a historic city in Armenia, known for being the center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
January 1805: Russian forces led by Gudovich end the siege of Echmiadzin due to a lack of troops.
January 1805: Persian forces withdrew to Yerevan.
January 1805: Siege of Yerevan.
January 1806: Russian forces pushed east into Persia almost to the Caspian.
January 1807: Russian forces capture the Caspian Coast.
January 1809: Russian forces took Echmiadzrin.
October 1812: Battle of Aslanduz.
October 1813: By the Treaty of Gulistan Persia recognized Russian possession of all the Khanates it held and gave up all pretensions to Dagestan and Georgia.
10.3.Russo-Persian War (1826-28)
Was a military conflict between the Russian Empire and Persia over territories in southern Caucasus.
September 1826: In 1826, a 35,000-strong army led by Abbas Mirza, the Crown Prince of Persia, invaded the territories of Karabakh and Talysh.
October 1827: By 13 October the Russians were a few miles from Tabriz. The garrison fled, driven out, it is said, by the inhabitants. The gates were opened and the ancient and wealthy city of 60,000 inhabitants was occupied without opposition.
November 1827: Urmia was occupied by Russian forces led by General Ivan Paskevich. The city of Ardebil surrendered to the Russians shortly after.
February 1828: The Treaty of Turkmenchay was signed by Russia and Persia. The two Azerbaijani khanates of Yerevan and Nakhichevan were awarded to Russia.
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
11.1.War of the Fourth Coalition
Was a war between the French Empire and a coalition of European monarchies, mainly Prussia and Russia.
11.1.1.Polish, Russian and Swedish campaigns (War of the Fourth Coalition)
Was the theatre of war in Poland, Russia and Sweden during the War of the Fourth Coalition.
January 1807: In order to safeguard the Russian border against a possible French attack, a 40,000-strong Russian contingent advanced into Moldavia and Wallachia.
11.1.2.Peace of Tilsit
Were a series of treaties that ended the War of the Fourth Coalition.
July 1807: The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Emperor Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France. The Russian tsar agreed to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia.
11.2.Finnish War
Was a war between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire fought during the Napoleonic Wars. Sweden lost Finland, which became the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire.
February 1808: In 1808, during the Finnish War, 24,000 Russian troops led by General Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden invaded Finland and captured the town of Lovisa.
February 1808: Borgå (Finnish: Porvoo) was captured on 24 February.
March 1808: Helsinki conquered by russia.
March 1808: In Savolax, Russians advanced rapidly and took Kuopio.
March 1808: The Russian army took Åbo.
March 1808: Abandoned Swedish fortifications on the Hangö Peninsula were taken by Russia and manned on 21 March.
March 1808: A small Russian detachment was sent to Åland. Before the end of March 1808 even Vasa was taken by the Russians.
June 1808: In May, the Russians suffered further setbacks when they were driven from Gotland and Åland by Swedish forces.
August 1808: Swedish landing in Pori.
September 1808: In 1808, during the Finnish War, Russian General Nikolay Kamensky led a 11,000-strong corps to achieve important victories at Kuortane, leading to the territory falling under Russian military occupation.
September 1808: After the Russians were driven from Central Finland, their forces stretched along the line of Pori - Tampere - Mikkeli.
September 1808: Oravais conquered by russia.
November 1808: By November 1808, Russian forces had overrun all of Finland. On 19 November, the Convention of Olkijoki was signed and the Swedish army was forced to leave the Finnish countryside.
March 1809: Bagration's corps of 17,000 men occupied the strategic Åland Islands.
March 1809: The Russians entered Umeå on 24 March.
January 1810: The Treaty of Paris in 1810 ended the war between France and Sweden after Sweden's defeat by Russia in the Finnish War. Swedish Pomerania was ceded to the Kingdom of Sweden as a result of this treaty.
11.2.1.Treaty of Fredrikshamn
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn or the Treaty of Hamina was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Russia on 17 September 1809 that ended the Finnish War. Sweden ceded the whole of Finland and all of its domains east of the Torne River to Russia.
September 1809: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn or the Treaty of Hamina was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Russia on 17 September 1809. Sweden ceded the whole of Finland and all of its domains east of the Torne River (the north-eastern parts of what was then called Västerbotten, today Norrbottens län) to Russia. Sweden then joined the Continental System and closed its harbours to British ships.
Was a war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
September 1809: In August 1809, Prince Bagration succeeded General Kamensky in leading the Russian military occupation of Dobruja. Bagration's crossing of the Danube River marked a significant military advance in the region during the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812.
January 1810: In 1809, during the Russo-Turkish War, Russian General Bagration laid siege to Silistra in Dobruja. However, upon learning of the approaching 50,000-strong Turkish army, Bagration decided to retreat to Bessarabia to avoid confrontation.
May 1810: The Russians defeated the Ottoman reinforcement heading for Silistra and ousted the Turks from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık.
May 1810: The garrison of Silistra, led by Ottoman military commander Ahmed Pasha, surrendered to the Russian forces in 1810 during the Russo-Turkish War. The occupation of Silistra by Russia marked a significant turning point in the conflict.
September 1810: The fortress of Rousse (or Rustchuk) fell to the Russians.
January 1812: Russian general Mikhail Kutuzov, in accordance with his cautious character, evacuated Silistria and slowly started to retreat northward. Kutuzov's withdrawal induced the Turks to launch a counter-offensive to recapture all the lost area.
12.1.Caucasus front of the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812)
Was the theatre of the Caucasus area of the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812).
January 1808: Fighting with Turkey began in 1807 with the swift seizure of Anapa by Admiral Pustoshkin.
12.2.Treaty of Bucharest
The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on 28 May 1812 at the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12. The eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia was ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Russia.
July 1812: The Ottoman Empire regained Poti, Anapa and Akhalkalali. Russia retained Sukhum-Kale on the Abkhazian coast.
Was a war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. War broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships because Russia had supported the revolutionaries of the Greek War of Independency.
13.1.Balkan front of the Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)
Was the Balkan theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829).
June 1828: In April and May 1828, the Russian commander-in-chief, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, led Russian forces into the Romanian Principates of Wallachia and Moldavia as part of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829. The territories were placed under Russian military occupation.
July 1828: In June 1828, the main Russian forces under the emperor crossed the Danube and advanced into Dobruja.
September 1828: Varna was captured by Russian forces on 29 September.
January 1829: Russia had to withdraw to Moldavia with heavy losses without having captured Shumla and Silistra.
July 1829: On 19 June, Silistra fell to the Russians.
July 1829: The Russians captured the city of Burgas.
August 1829: By 22 August, the Russians had taken Adrianople.
13.2.Caucasus front of the Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)
Was the Caucasian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829).
June 1828: Anapa was captured by Russian forces on 12 June.
June 1828: In 1828, Russian General Ivan Paskevich led his troops to victory against the Turks at the Battle of Akhalzic. Following this success, Paskevich captured the strategic city of Kars on June 23rd, solidifying Russian military occupation in the region.
June 1828: Erzurum conquered by russia.
July 1828: In 1828, during the Russo-Turkish War, Russian forces led by General Ivan Paskevich captured the fortress of Akhalkalak. The defenders, led by Ottoman commander Mehmet Bey, were overwhelmed and forced to surrender after the Russians scaled the walls using the same ropes left behind by the retreating Ottoman troops.
August 1828: On 22 August 1828, the Russian forces, led by General Ivan Paskevich, occupied Ardahan as part of the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829. This military occupation marked a significant turning point in the conflict between the two empires.
June 1829: That great city of Erzurum, which had not seen Christian soldiers within its walls for five centuries, surrendered to Russia.
13.3.Treaty of Adrianople (1829)
Was the treaty that ended the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829).
September 1829: The treaty also fixed the border between the Ottoman Empire and Wallachia on the thalweg of the Danube, transferring to Wallachia the rule of the rayas of Turnu, Giurgiu and Brăila.
September 1829: With the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, following the Russo-Turkish War, The Russian Empire gained control over Moldavia, leading to a period of Russian influence in the region.
September 1829: With the Treaty of Adrianople of 1829, Russia retained Moldavia and evacuated the ther territories it had occupied in the Ottoman Empire.
September 1829: The Ottoman Empire gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and the fortresses of Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki in Georgia. The Sultan recognized Russia's possession of Georgia (with Imeretia, Mingrelia, Guria) and of the Khanates of Erivan and Nakhichevan which had been ceded to the tsar by Persia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay a year earlier.
Was a war between Russia and the Khanate of Khiva that resulted in the Russian conquest of the latter.
June 1873: The Russians took Khojali, 88 km south, and Mangit (56 km southeast of that).
June 1873: On June 7, 1873, Russian commander Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Verëvkin reached the outskirts of Khiva.
June 1873: Khiva captured by the Russians (June 10, 1873).
August 1873: Russian conquest of the Khanate of Khiva.
Was a war between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire over the control of Manchuria and Korea.
15.1.Occupation of Southern Manchuria
Was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese War.
May 1904: Japanese troops take Chinchou and Dalny.
July 1904: Japanese forces take the village of Tashihchiao.
July 1904: Russian forces are forced to abandon the village of Hsimucheng to advancing Japanese forces.
October 1904: Battle of Shaho between Russian and Japanese forces.
March 1905: After their victory at the Battle of Mukden, the Japanese occupied all of southern Manchuria.
15.2.Treaty of Portsmouth
The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. Manchuria was given back to Qing China. The southern portion of Sakhalin island was gained by Japan.
September 1905: The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. China gained Manchuria.
During the Persian Constitutional Revolution, rebellion broke out in Tabriz on 23 June 1908. In early February 1909 government forces under Prince ʿAyn-al-dawla surrounded the city. On 20 April, in response to the siege situation, Britain and Russia agreed that a Russian force should be sent to occupy the city in order "to facilitate the entrance into the town of the necessary provisions, to protect the consulates and foreign subjects, and to help those who so desired to leave the town.".
April 1909: Russian forces under General Snarski occupied Tabriz.
Were a series of wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (Persia) through the 16th-20th centuries.
17.1.Ottoman invasion of Persia (1906)
Was an Ottoman invasion of Persia that started in 1906.
January 1912: The Ottomans were expelled from Persia by the Russian Imperial Army in 1911.
Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.
18.1.World War I eastern Front
Was the theatre of war in eastern Europe during World War I.
February 1915: Russian advancement on the Eastern front by 7th February.
18.1.1.Russian invasion of East Prussia
Was the Russian invasion of East Prussia in the early phases of World War I.
August 1914: The Russians entered East Prussia on 7-9 August.
August 1914: Battle of Stallupönen, fought between Russian and German armies on 17 August 1914, was the opening battle of World War I on the Eastern Front.
August 1914: The Battle of Gumbinnen, started by the Germans, was the first major offensive on the Eastern Front during the First World War.
August 1914: Movement of Russian troops during the Battle of Tannenberg.
September 1914: The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1914 was a significant military engagement during World War I. It was led by German generals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, resulting in a decisive victory over the Russian forces and pushing them out of East Prussia.
18.1.2.Battle of Galicia
Was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I. The Austro-Hungarian armies were severely defeated and forced out of Galicia.
August 1914: Battle of Komarow.
August 1914: Battle of Gnila Lipa won by Russia.
September 1914: Battle of Rawa won by Russia.
September 1914: Avancement into Galica by Russia.
December 1914: After the battle of Lodz in 1914, the Eastern Front of World War I stabilized between the cities of Lodz and Warsaw.
18.1.3.Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
Was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915.
February 1915: German advance in Prussia with the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
18.1.4.Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive
The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.
May 1915: The Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.
June 1915: Border changes during the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive.
June 1915: The Russians abandoned Galicia.
September 1915: Border changes during the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive.
18.1.5.Brusilov Offensive
Was a major Russian offensive against the Central Powers during World War I.
June 1916: Russian conquests of the Brusilov Offensive.
July 1916: Russian conquests of the Brusilov Offensive.
September 1916: Russian conquests of the Brusilov Offensive.
18.1.6.Kerensky Offensive
Was the last Russian offensive of World War I. Starting on July 1, 1917 the Russian troops attacked the Austro-Germans in Galicia, pushing toward Lviv.
July 1917: In the last Russian offensive of World War I, the Russian troops attacked the Austro-Germans in Galicia, pushing toward Lviv.
July 1917: The Russian line collapsed altogether by July 16. On the 18th the Austro-Germans counterattacked, meeting little resistance and advancing through Galicia and Ukraine until the Zbruch River.
18.1.7.Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Brest Peace in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
March 1918: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia declared independence as the Transcaucasian Commissariat.
March 1918: On March 3, the Ottoman Grand vizier Talat Pasha signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Russian SFSR. Bolshevik Russia ceded Batum, Kars, and Ardahan to the Ottomans, which the Russians had captured during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).
18.2.World War I Middle East Theatre
Was the theatre of war in the Middle East during World War I.
18.2.1.Caucasus campaign (World War I)
Was an armed conflict mainly between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in the Caucasus area during World War I.
18.2.1.1.Russian Conquest of Armenia
Was the Russin offensive in Armenia during World War I.
November 1914: Russian forces reached Köprüköy on November 4.
November 1914: The 3rd Infantry Regiment, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, invaded Köprüköy during the Azap Offensive in November 1914, securing the territory for the Ottoman Empire.
November 1914: The Ottoman 3rd Infantry Regiment invaded Köprüköy during the Azap Offensive in November 1914, securing the territory for the Ottoman Empire.
November 1914: By the end of November, the front had stabilized, with the Russians clinging to a salient 25 kilometers into the Ottoman Empire along the Erzurum-Sarikamish axis.
November 1914: Armenian volunteers were took Karaköse and Doğubeyazıt.
December 1914: At the Battle of Ardahan, the city was captured by the Turks.
April 1915: The Russians were holding the towns of Eleşkirt, Ağrı and Doğubeyazıt in the south.
May 1915: Russian forces entered the town of Van.
January 1916: The Battle of Koprukoy in 1916 occurred when the Russians were advancing to Erzurum.
February 1916: Ottoman Mahmut Kamil was forced to order the 3rd Army to retreat from the Erzurum, as Russian Yudenich had a numerical advantage over the Ottoman army.
April 1916: Ottoman forces retreated from Trabzon, and on April 15 the city was taken without a fight by the Russian Caucasus Army.
July 1916: On July 2, Erzincan was captured by Russina forces.
August 1916: Russian units pushed the Ottoman 2nd Army deep into Anatolia and defeated the Turks in the Battles of Mush and Bitlis (March 2 - August 24).
November 1917: The Transcaucasian Commissariat was established at Tbilisi on 11 November 1917, as the first government of the independent Transcaucasia following the October Revolution in Petrograd.
18.2.1.2.Ottoman offensive (Caucasus campaign)
Was the Ottoman military offensive during the Caucasus campaign of World War I.
February 1918: The Bolshevik revolution left Russia's vast southern territories unguarded. The Ottoman forces moved through east of the line between Tirebolu and Bitlis and took Kelkit on February 7.
February 1918: Erzincan conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: Bayburt conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: Tercan conquered by Ottoman Empire.
February 1918: The Black Sea port of Trabzon was reconquered by Turkish forces on February 24.
March 1918: Manzikert, Hınıs, Oltu, Köprüköy and Tortum conquered by Ottoman Empire.
March 1918: By March 24 the Ottoman forces had crossed the 1914 frontier into what had been Russian Empire territory, occupying parts of Armenia.
18.2.1.3.Transcaucasian Front of World War I
Was the theatre of war in Transcaucasia during World War I.
April 1918: Surrender of the city of Kars to the Ottoman army.
18.2.2.Persian Campaign
Was a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire, British Empire and Russian Empire in Iran during World War I.
March 1915: The Van Gendarmerie Division retreated to Qotur.
April 1915: After the battle of Dilman in 1915, General Nazarbekov of the Russian Empire managed to push Ottoman General Halil Pasha's troops towards Başkale, a town located in present-day Turkey.
November 1915: By the end of the month, Tehran fell to the Russian Caucasus Army and Armenian volunteers.
December 1915: Hamadan was captured by the troops of General Baratov.
February 1916: In 1916, during World War I, General Nikolai Baratov led Russian forces to capture the city of Kermanshah in Persia (modern-day Iran).
February 1916: On February 26, 1916, the Russians defeated the Ottoman gendarmes, who were forced to retreat to Qasr-e-Shirin province.
March 1916: Kharind conquered by russia.
June 1916: In May 1916 Qasr-e-Shirin province also fell into Russian hands.
July 1916: In northern Persia, the Ottoman 6th Division arrived as reinforcements. Ali İhsan Bey captured Khermanshah on 2 July.
August 1916: Turkish forces took Hamadan.
January 1917: In December 1916, Baratov began moving towards the cities of Qom and Hamadan, to eliminate the Persian and Turkish forces there. In the same month the cities were conquered.
June 1918: After the revolution, the Russian troops in Persia were routed and Turkey decided to reconquer these regions. On June 8, 1918, the Ottoman IV Corps entered Tabriz.
June 1918: The town of Dilman was captured by Ottoman forces on June 18.
July 1918: In southern Persia, Urmia fell to the hands of the Ottoman IV Corps.
August 1918: During July 1918, the British army occupied a large portion of Mesopotamia, as well as a large part of Persian Azerbaijan.
October 1918: By September 1918, the Ottomans consolidated their control over northern Persia, between Tabriz and the southern shores of the Caspian Sea.
18.2.2.1.Ottoman campaign in Persia during World War I
Were minor conquests of the Ottomans in Persia during World War I.
December 1914: The Ottoman Van Jandarma Division occupied the city of Qotur.
January 1915: Urmia, a city in northwestern Iran, was captured by a volunteer detachment led by Omer Naci Bey, who was sent by Talat Pasha of the Ottoman Empire on a special mission.
January 1915: The "Mosul Group" commanded by Omer Fevzi Bey entered Tabriz, without facing much resistance.
January 1915: During World War I, Russian General Chernozubov led the force that recaptured Tabriz from Ottoman forces in 1915.
18.2.3.Sinai and Palestine campaign
Was a campaign fought by the Arab Revolt and the British Empire, against the Ottoman Empire and its Imperial German allies.
October 1918: The Armistice of Mudros, concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities, at noon the next day, in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. As part of several conditions to the armistice, in the Caucasus, the Ottomans had to retreat to within the pre-war borders between the Ottoman and the Russian Empires.
Are a series of conflicts that are considered to be a consequence of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
19.1.Chechen Wars
Were two wars caused by the independence struggle of Chechnya from the USSR (and later the Russian Federation). The first war started with the secession of the region during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The second war resulted in Russia reconquering the area back.
19.1.1.First Chechen War
Was a war of independence which the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria waged against the Russian Federation from December 1994 to August 1996.
19.1.1.1.Russian military intervention (First Chechen War)
Was the Russian military intervention in the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria during the First Chechen War.
19.1.1.2.Khasav-Yurt Accord
Russia and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria signed the Khasav-Yurt Accord on 31 August 1996, ending the First Chechen War.
19.1.2.Second Chechen War
Was a conflict that took place in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria that resulted in the the reincorporation of Chechnya into Russia.
October 1999: The Russian army moved with ease in the wide open spaces of northern Chechnya and reached the Terek River.
October 1999: Russian forces took control of a strategic ridge within artillery range of the Chechen capital Grozny.
October 1999: After heavy fighting, Russia seized a Chechen base in the village of Goragorsky.
November 1999: The Russian flag was raised over Chechnya's second largest city, Gudermes.
November 1999: Russian soldiers dislodged separatists in Bamut.
November 1999: Russian forces managed to capture the village of Achkhoy-Martan.
December 1999: After weeks of heavy fighting, Russian forces under Major General Vladimir Shamanov took control of Alkhan-Yurt, a village just south of Grozny.
December 1999: By 11 December 1999, Russian troops had encircled Shali and were slowly forcing separatists out.
February 2000: Russian advances with the Battle of Grozny.
May 2000: Russian President Vladimir Putin established direct rule of Chechnya.
19.2.Russo-Georgian war
Was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other.
August 2008: Russians captured the military base near the town of Senaki.
August 2008: The city of Gori in Georgia was militarily occupied by Russia.
August 2008: Reuters reported that Russian forces had pushed to 55 km from Tbilisi, the closest during the war, and stopped in Igoeti.
August 2008: Russia withdraws most troops from Georgia.
19.3.Russo-Ukrainian War
Is a conflict between Russia and Ukraine, part of the conflicts related to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The main reasons for the conflict are the control of the Ukrainian territories of Donbas and Crimea (both territories have a substantial Russian-speaking populations, in particular Crimea has a majority Russian-speaking population) and Russian influence in former USSR countries. The war started in 2014 with the Russian annexion of Crimea and the Russian-sponsored secession of the the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) from Ukraine. After a phase of low-level warfare (2016-2021), Russia started a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
19.3.1.Russian Annexion of Crimea
In February and March 2014, Russia invaded and subsequently annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine. This event is part of the wider Russo-Ukrainian War.
February 2014: On 27 February, masked Russian troops without insignia took over the Supreme Council (parliament) of Crimea and captured strategic sites across Crimea, which led to the installation of the pro-Russian Aksyonov government in the region.
March 2014: Russia formally incorporated Crimea as two federal subjects of the Russian Federation on 18 March 2014.
19.3.2.Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Is the full-scale invasion of Ukraine started by Russia on 24 February 2022, part of the wider Russo-Ukrainian War.
19.3.2.1.Southern Ukraine Front
The theatre of War of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine in southern Ukraine.
February 2022: On 24 February, Russian forces took control of the North Crimean Canal, allowing Crimea to obtain water from the Dnieper, previously cut off since 2014.
February 2022: Completion of the Russian conquest of the North Crimean Canal.
February 2022: By evening, Russian tanks were on the outskirts of Mykolaiv.
February 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of February 26th, 2022.
February 2022: Russians captured the coastal city of Prymorsk and surrounded the city of Berdiansk west of Mariupol.
February 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of February 27th, 2022.
February 2022: Russian forces were able to enter and capture Berdiansk.
February 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of February 28th, 2022.
February 2022: Advancing north from Crimea, with the Russian 22nd Army Corps approached the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant on 26 February.
February 2022: Russian siege at Enerhodar.
February 2022: Russian forces advanced towards Mariupol.
March 2022: Kherson captured by Russian forces.
March 2022: De facto border of the regions under Ukrainian and Russian control in the Dniepr area as of March 1st, 2022.
March 2022: Russians sent a lone army group with tanks to Voznesensk.
March 2022: On 7 March, the Ukrainian regional military administration of Zaporizhzhia Oblast stated that Russian forces had thus far captured the cities of Berdiansk, Enerhodar, Melitopol, Vasylivka, Tokmak and Polohy.
March 2022: On 15 March, Russian Defense Ministry stated that Russian forces had captured all of Kherson Oblast.
March 2022: Russian forces were staging in the settlements of Velyka Oleksandrivka, Novovorontsovka and Arkhanhelske.
March 2022: Russian troops driven back about 40 miles of Voznesensk.
March 2022: By 20 March, Russia had completely encircled Mariupol.
March 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of March 20th, 2022.
March 2022: Territories acquired by Ukrainian Counteroffensive of March.
April 2022: Russian advance in Ukraine by April 6th, 2022.
April 2022: By 10 April, Ukrainian forces had made significant advances and pushed back the Russian military in the area around Kherson, gaining ground at Osokorkivka and Oleksandrivka.
June 2022: Ukrainian forces reportedly recaptured the settlements Zelenyi Hai and Barvinok north of the city of Kherson.
19.3.2.2.Kyiv offensive (2022)
Was an ultimately unsuccesful Russian campaign for thhe control of Kyiv (or Kiev), the capital of Ukraine, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
February 2022: Battle of Chernobyl.
February 2022: In the early morning of 25 February 2022, Russian forces approached Ivankiv from the northeast after making a breakthrough in the Battle of Chernobyl.
February 2022: Vorzel and Markhalivka conquered by Russian forces while Borodianka was extensively bombed, killing hundreds.
March 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of March 1st, 2022.
March 2022: Russians stopped in Peremohal east of Kiev.
March 2022: Russian advance up to the outskirts of Makariv.
March 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of March 3rd, 2022.
March 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of March 5th, 2022.
March 2022: Small russian gains towards Byshiv.
March 2022: Russian forces had captured Bucha and half of Irpin by 14 March.
March 2022: Village of Moschun reconquered by Ukraine.
March 2022: On 28 March, Ukraine reportedly retook Irpin.
March 2022: On 29 March, the Russian Deputy Ministry of Defence Alexander Fomin announced a withdrawal of Russian forces from the Kyiv and Chernihiv areas.
April 2022: On 2 April, Ukrainian forces retook control over all of Kyiv Oblast including Irpin, Bucha, and Hostomel.
19.3.2.3.Northeastern Ukraine offensive
The theatre of war of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine in the Ukrainian Chernihiv and Sumy Oblasts.
February 2022: Ukrainian forces lost control of Konotop. By the second day of the offensive, Russian forces were present in or near Chuhuiv, Snovsk, Sosnytsia, Mena, Semenivka, Hrodna, Koryukivka and Novhorod-Siversky.
February 2022: Russian forces west of Sumy reportedly advanced further westwards by the night.
February 2022: Hennadiy Matsegora, the mayor of Kupiansk, agreed to hand over control of the city to Russian forces and accused Ukrainian forces of abandoning it when the invasion began.
February 2022: A number of Russian vehicles advanced into Sumy from the east on 27 February.
February 2022: Seredyna-Buda has been taken by Russian forces.
March 2022: Russian forces captured Trostianets.
March 2022: Russian advance on Bobrovytsia through Slabyn and Pakul.
March 2022: Detached Russian offensive northeast of Kiev from the Chernihiv axis,.
March 2022: Attack by Russian forces on Izium.
March 2022: Russian conquests in Ukraine as of March 8th, 2022.
March 2022: Siege of Chernihiv.
March 2022: Russia stated that by the morning of March 24, the city of Izium was completely under control of its units.
March 2022: De facto border of the regions under Ukrainian and Russian control as of March 26th, 2022.
March 2022: The Pentagon confirmed that the Russian army left Chernihiv Oblast, while Sumy Oblast remained contested.
March 2022: Okhtyrka, Trostianets, Krasnopillya, and Slavutych reconquered by Ukrainian forces.
March 2022: After several weeks of attacks, and a month under siege, Ukrainian forces managed to break the encirclement of Chernihiv by recapturing a main road connecting Kyiv with the regional capital.
April 2022: After Russia abandoned its offensive to capture Kyiv, it shifted its attention to eastern and southern Ukraine.
April 2022: The Pentagon confirmed that the Russian army left Chernihiv Oblast, while Sumy Oblast remained contested.
April 2022: Governor Zhyvytskyi stated that all Russians troops left Sumy Oblast.
April 2022: Russian advance in Ukraine by April 15th, 2022.
May 2022: On 7 May, it was reported that Ukrainian forces had successfully pushed back Russian forces stationed around Kharkiv.
May 2022: On 15 May, Ukrainian forces reached the border near Kharkiv, while contining to push back Russian and LPR units.
19.3.2.4.Eastern Ukraine Front
The theatre of War of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine in the Ukrainian Donetsk Oblast, Luhansk Oblast, and Kharkiv Oblast.
March 2022: Forces of the Luhansk People's Republic and Russian troops captured Novoaidar.
July 2022: President Zelenskyy acknowledged the loss of the Luhansk Oblast.
19.3.2.5.2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive
Was a counteroffensive by the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the Russian-occupied Ukrainian territory of the Kharkiv Oblast which was launched on 6 September 2022.
September 2022: Chkalovske was occupied by Russian forces until 8 September 2022.
September 2022: Ukrainian forces retook parts of Kharkiv Oblast.
September 2022: As part of a major counteroffensive, Ukrainian forces recaptured Kupiansk and Izium.
September 2022: The Russian Ministry of Defense published a map which confirmed that Russian forces in Kharkiv region had retreated to the east bank of the Oskol river.
September 2022: The Armed Forces of Ukraine reestablished control over the settlement of Yatskivka in the Donetsk region.
September 2022: The Armed Forces of Ukraine retook the village of Kupiansk-Vuzlovyi in the Kharkiv region.
September 2022: Ukraine captured Kupiansk.
19.3.2.6.2022 Ukrainian southern counteroffensive
Was a counteroffensive by the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the Russian-occupied Ukrainian territory in the southern regions of Kherson and Mykolaiv oblasts, launched on 29 August 2022.
September 2022: On the Kherson front, it was reported that Russian forces had withdrawn from Kiselyovka, a settlement 15 km from Kherson.
19.3.2.7.Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
On 30 September 2022, Russia unilaterally declared the annexation of the territories under ist control in four Ukrainian oblasts - Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson.
September 2022: On 30 September 2022, Russia unilaterally declared the annexation of the territories under ist control in four Ukrainian oblasts - Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson.
November 1828: The territories corresponding to modern-day Krasnodar Territory and Karachay-Cherkess Republic become part of the Russian Empire.
September 1914: Siege of Przemyśl.
Selected Sources
Bradford, J.C. (2004): International Encyclopedia of Military History, Routledge, p. 554
Dowling, T. C., Editor (2014): Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond, Santa Barbara (USA), p. 841
Frost, R. I. (2000): The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, London (UK), p. 177
The Brusilov Offensive, 1 May - 20 September 1916. United States Military Academy West Point. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://www.westpoint.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/academics/academic_departments/history/WWI/WWOne35.jpg
Tucker, S. C. (2011): A Global Chronology Of Conflict, London (UK), p. 959
Tucker, S. C. (2011): A Global Chronology Of Conflict, London (UK), p. 963
Tucker, S. C. (2011): A Global Chronology Of Conflict, London (UK), p. 965
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Russia (Military Occupation)
