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Were the Habsburg domains located outside the official borders of the German Confederation.
Establishment
January 1382: Treviso was ruled for a short time by the duke of Austria between 1381 and 1384.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Were a series of wars between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa.
1.1.War of Chioggia
Was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant.
1.1.1.Peace of Turin
Was the treaty that ended the War of Chioggia.
Were a series of raids by the Ottomans in the Friuli region during the 15th and 16th centuries, in the context of tensions between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
January 1416: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1415.
February 1416: Ottoman incursion in Friuli of 1415. The Ottomans left the region after the incursion.
Was a war between the Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire.
June 1508: Venetian occupation of Pordenone.
Were a series of conflicts covering the period between 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France, and their Habsburg opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain.
4.1.War of the League of Cambrai
Was one of the so-called Italian wars.
4.1.1.First Phase - The league of Cambrai
Was the first phase of the War of the League of Cambrai, one of the so-called Italian Wars.
4.1.1.1.Venetian Counterattack (War of the League of Cambrai)
Was the Venetian counterattack against the invasion of its territories by Louis XII of France.
January 1510: Venice kept the city of Pordenone only for two years since in 1509 it lost it again.
Were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Domains. The conflicts started with the partition of Hungary between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs after the Battle of Mohács (1526).
5.1.Habsburg-Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526-1568)
Were a series of wars between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary had ceased to exist after its defeat by the Ottomans in the battle of Mohács (1526). The Ottomans had then taken control of the southern regions of Hungary, whereas the Habsurgs, that had inherited the throne, were able to took control of the northern regions.
November 1529: The Austrian army reached Ofen on August 18, 1527 without any major difficulties.
December 1529: After the Siege of Buda in 1529, the Ottoman army, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, withdrew through Belgrade. However, Ottoman troops remained in the border fortresses, maintaining a presence in the region.
January 1545: The army campaigns of 1543-44 left only one secure road link to Royal Hungary, along the Vág valley, and this further decreased Habsburg support in the kingdom.
January 1546: After a failed siege of Esztergom in 1545, Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent soon withdrew his forces from the city.
January 1552: A Habsburg army marched into Transylvania and the Tisza region, under Giovanni Battista Castaldo.
January 1553: The Ottomans incorporated the area around Temesvar into their dominions.
January 1553: Erasmus von Teufel was a military commander serving the Habsburg forces, while Ali Pasha was the governor of the Ottoman Empire. The skirmish near the palace in Szolnok resulted in a victory for Ali Pasha's troops, leading to the Ottoman conquest of the territory in 1552.
January 1553: In 1552, Lippa was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The territory was taken by the Ottoman general Mustafa Pasha, who led the successful military campaign to capture the town. This event was part of the Ottoman Empire's expansion efforts in the region during the 16th century.
January 1553: The Ottomans besieged for a year before being able to occupy the fort.
January 1554: The Habsburg withdrew their troops from Transylvania.
January 1557: In 1556 the Ottomans attacked Szigetvár because numerous raids on their territory had been carried out from there.
February 1557: The Ottomans were not able to conquer Szigetvár and thus left the area.
January 1567: The Habsburg troops managed to conquer the town of Veszprém and the Totis Castle.
January 1567: The city of Gyula was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1566. This event was part of the Ottoman-Habsburg wars, with the Ottoman forces led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Gyula was an important strategic location in the region, and its capture further solidified Ottoman control in Hungary.
5.1.1.Ottoman invasion of Hungary
Was a Ottoman military campaign that led to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Battle of Mohács fought on 29 August 1526.
November 1526: Battle of Mohacs.
November 1526: On 29 August 1526, at the Battle of Mohács, the Christian forces led by Louis II of Hungary were defeated by Ottoman forces led by Suleiman. The Ottoman victory led to the partition of Hungary for several centuries between the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Principality of Transylvania.
5.1.2.Hungarian campaign of 1527-1528
Was a military campaign by Habsburg ruler Ferdinand I against the Ottoman Empire and its vassals in Hungary.
January 1529: Following the Battle of Mohács, the Ottomans were forced to withdraw as events elsewhere in their now massive Empire required the Sultan's attention. Seizing upon their absence, Ferdinand I attempted to enforce his claim as King of Hungary. In 1527 he drove back the Ottoman vassal John Zápolya and captured Buda, Győr, Komárom, Esztergom, and Székesfehérvár by 1528.
5.1.3.Suleiman I's campaign of 1529
Was an Ottoman military campaign led by Suleiman I in Hungary.
September 1529: On September 8 Buda surrendered to the Ottomans.
September 1529: On 27 September, Ottoman Sultan Suleiman reached Vienna.
October 1529: End of the Ottoman Siege of Vienna.
5.2.Long Turkish War
Was a war between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburgs (along with their respective allies) over the control of Romanian and Hungarian territories.
September 1592: In the summer of 1592, Ottoman forces captured the Habsburg border fortress of Bihać.
January 1595: In 1594, the Ottoman army, led by Sultan Mehmed III, successfully captured the main Hungarian fortress of Raab. This conquest was part of the Ottoman Empire's expansion into Hungarian territory during the Long War (1593-1606) against the Habsburg Monarchy.
September 1595: On September 7th of that year, after a siege by Karl von Mansfeld for several months, Gran fell back into Austrian hands.
October 1596: On October 12, 1596, the Ottomans managed to take the fortress of Erlau with his 100,000-strong army.
October 1596: The Battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596 was fought between the Ottoman Empire, led by Sultan Mehmed III, and the Holy Roman Empire. The Ottoman victory allowed them to advance further into Central Europe, posing a threat to the Holy Roman Empire.
January 1599: In 1598, the Habsburg troops under Adolf von Schwarzenberg and Nicholas II Pálffy succeeded in recapturing the Raab and Veszprém (Weissbrunn) fortresses from the Ottomans.
January 1601: In 1600, the Habsburg fortress Pápa was lost to the Ottoman Empire during the Long War. The fortress was under the command of General Giorgio Basta, a prominent military leader in the Habsburg army.
January 1602: In 1601 Stuhlweißenburg was conquered by the Ottomans, who were finally able to take the important fortress of Kanischa after a two-month siege.
January 1603: In 1602, the Habsburgs, led by Archduke Matthias of Austria, recaptured Stuhlweißenburg from the Ottoman Empire.
5.2.1.Peace of Zsitvatorok
Was a peace treaty which ended the 15-year Long Turkish War between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy on 11 November 1606.
November 1606: With the Peace of Zsitvatorok, the Ottomans kept Eger and Nagykanizsa, while the fortresses north of Buda, which had been conquered by the Habsburgs at the beginning of the war, remained in their possession. The status quo ante of 1593 applied to the remaining borders.
5.3.Austro-Turkish War (1663-64)
Was a war between the Ottoman Emprie and the Habsburg Domains over territories in Hungary.
October 1663: The Ottomans conquered Neuhäusel Fortress in September.
July 1664: The Ottomans besieged the Neu-Zrin fortress from June 5 to 30, 1664, then took it and destroyed it on July 7, 1664 to the ground.
5.3.1.Peace of Vasvár
Was the treaty that ended the Austro-Turkish War (1663-1664).
August 1664: The Neu-Zrin fortress had to be razed.
5.4.Great Turkish War
Was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and Habsburg Hungary.
July 1683: Ottoman siege of Vienna since July 15th.
September 1683: The Habsburg defeated the Ottomans on September 12, 1683 in the Battle of Kahlenberg, ending the Siege of Vienna.
January 1684: Expansion of the Habsburg Domains in the Balkans by 1683.
September 1686: Imperial troops conquered the fortress of Buda.
August 1687: 161 years after independent Hungary ceased to exist in the first Battle of Mohács (1526), the Battle of Hungary broke out again on August 12, 1687 on the same plain. The consequences of this significant Habsburg victory were far-reaching: Charles of Lorraine was able to liberate Esseg and Slavonia, while Transylvania was re-incorporated into Hungary.
September 1689: Imperial troops conquered Niš on September 24, 1689.
October 1689: Widin conquered by austria.
November 1689: The Habsburgs advanced to Bankya (now a suburb of Sofia), Kyustendil Pernik to the east, Skopje Pristina to the south (liberated October 1689).
October 1697: Prince Eugen decided to launch a raid on Bosnia with part of his army. The invasion began on October 13, 1697 from Esseg (today: Osijek). Just ten days later, despite the impassable route through the Bosnian mountains, they reached Sarajevo, 250 km away.
January 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz, signed in Sremski Karlovci, in modern-day Serbia, concluded the Great Turkish War of 1683-1697.
5.4.1.Habsburg Occupation of Serbia
Various regions of present-day Serbia (which were de jure Ottoman territory) were occupied by the Habsburg monarchy.
September 1688: Habsburg victory in the Siege of Belgrade (1688).
January 1690: Habsburg forces continued their advance towards south, taking Niš and reaching Prizren and Skopje (1689).
July 1690: In 1690, a full-scale Ottoman counter-offensive was launched, forcing Habsburg commanders and the Serbian Militia to retreat to the north.
October 1690: The Siege of Belgrade in 1690 was led by Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha of the Ottoman Empire. The Battle of Slankamen in 1691 saw the Ottoman forces defeated by Prince Eugene of Savoy, leading to the liberation of Syrmia from Ottoman control.
5.4.2.Treaty of Karlowitz
Was a treaty that concluded the Great Turkish War and the Morean War. The Ottoman Empire suffered major territorial losses.
January 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz confirmed the Venetian possession of Kephalonia, and the Morea with the island of Aigina, which became organized as the "Kingdom of the Morea".
5.5.Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735-39)
Was a war mainly between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
August 1737: Field Marshal Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff was a German military officer who served in the Habsburg army. Niš was a strategic city in the Ottoman Empire, located in modern-day Serbia. The occupation of Niš by Seckendorff's army was part of the Habsburg Empire's expansion into Ottoman territories in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
August 1737: A small army corps under the command of General George Olivier Wallis occupied a part of Wallachia.
November 1737: Niš was reconquered by a Turkish army.
January 1739: With the help of significantly improved artillery, the Turks reconquered the Serbian fortresses that had fallen into Austrian hands step by step and in May entered Banat and occupied Mehadia. by the end of the year the Ottomans had captured Mehadia, Orșova, Ada Kaleh, Smederevo and Užice.
5.5.1.Treaty of Belgrade
Was a peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro-Turkish War (1737-39).
September 1739: Treaty of Belgrade: Serbia was returned to the Ottoman Empire in 1739.
September 1739: The Treaty of Belgrade, known as the Belgrade peace was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro-Turkish War (1737-39).
Expansion during the rule of Selim II in the Ottoman Empire.
January 1573: Conquests in Hungary by the Ottomans in 1572.
Were a series of wars in Europe (and the overseas possessions of European countries) the 16th, 17th and early 18th that started after the Protestant Reformation. Although the immediate causes of the wars were religious, the motives were complex and also included territorial ambitions.
7.1.Thirty Years' War
Was a war that took place mainly in central Europe between 1618 and 1648. The war began as a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestant in the Holy Roman Empire but then escalated into a conflict for the hegemony in Europe between Habsburg Spain and Austria, Sweden and France.
7.1.1.Bohemian-Palatine period
Was the first period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with a protestant revolt in Bohemia, at the time a territory of the Habsburg Domains.
7.1.1.1.War in Bohemia
Was the theatre of war in Bohemia during the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
May 1618: On May 23rd, 1618, the Catholic emissaries of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II are thrown out of a window of Prague Castle. This event, called the "Defenestration of Prague", marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. Bohemia revolts against the Empire.
June 1619: The Bohemian army under Heinrich Matthias von Thurn first forced the Moravian estates to join the uprising, then invaded the Austrian homelands of the Habsburgs and stood before Vienna on June 6, 1619.
June 1619: In 1619, during the Bohemian Revolt, Count von Bucquoy defeated Ernst von Mansfeld at the Battle of Sablat. This victory forced the Bohemian Governing Board in Prague to recall Thurn, a key leader of the revolt, to defend Bohemia against the Habsburg forces.
October 1619: Bohemian attack on Vienna led by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn.
October 1619: The Austrian army commanded by Field Marshal Bucquoy is able to drive away Bohemian forces from Vienna.
November 1619: In 1619, Bohemian leader Heinrich Matthias von Thurn besieged Vienna.
July 1620: The Battle of White Mountain took place in 1620 near Vienna. The Imperial forces, led by Charles de Bucquoy, defeated the Bohemian and Palatine troops commanded by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn. This marked a significant victory for the Catholic Habsburgs in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War.
November 1620: Tilly and Bucquoy crush the Bohemian rebels at the Battle of White Mountain (Bila Hora) near Prague on November 8, 1620.
January 1621: After the Battle of the White Mountain, Beuthen reverted to Bohemia as a fief.
7.1.2.Swedish Period
Was the third main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of Sweden.
September 1631: Defeat of the Imperial army of Baltasar von Marradas by the Swedish army of Hans Georg von Arnim not far from Breslau.
7.1.3.Franco-Swedish Period
Was the fourth main period of the Thirty Years' War. It started with the intervention of the Kingdom of France.
7.1.3.1.North German Front (Sweden)
Was the north German front during the Franco-Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War.
November 1637: After the death of Swedish King Ferdinand II, his son and successor Ferdinand III brought the Swedish troops back to Pomerania, leaving the territories occupied by Sweden in Germany.
December 1643: In 1643 Swedish general Torstensson invaded Moravia for the second time.
January 1644: In 1643, when the Torstensson War broke out, the Swedish military focused entirely on Denmark and thus enabled an imperial offensive to Jutland.
January 1645: At the beginning of January 1645 the Swedes broke into Bohemia.
July 1647: The Imperial Army liberated the fortress of Egra (today known as Cheb in the Czech Republic) from Swedish occupation.
Was an anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary led by Emeric Thököly.
August 1678: The Hungarian Rebels captured the fortresses of Szendrő and Murány.
October 1678: Besztercebánya (now Banská Bystrica in Slovakia) surrendered without resistance.
November 1678: The Habsburgs had to abandon the mining towns along the river Garam (Hron) after being defeated at Barsszentkereszt.
January 1679: Hungarian rebel leader Emmerich Thököly captured the towns of Igló and Rózsahegy (now Spišská Nová Ves and Ružomberok in Slovakia) along with the mining towns along the river Garam.
January 1683: Thököly captured fortress after fortress from the Emperor and extended his dominions to the Vág river.
October 1685: In 1685 Thököly was defeated at Eperjes (present-day Prešov).
Was an anti-Habsburg revolt in Hungary led by Francis II Rákóczi.
June 1703: The War of the Spanish Succession caused a large part of the Austrian forces in the Kingdom of Hungary to temporarily leave the country. Taking advantage of the situation, kuruc forces began a new uprising in Munkács.
September 1703: The rebels controlled most of Kingdom of Hungary to the east and north of the Danube by late September 1703.
January 1705: Hungarian Rebels conquered Transdanubia.
August 1708: At the Battle of Trenčín, on 3 August 1708, Rákóczi's horse stumbled, and he fell to the ground, which knocked him unconscious. The kuruc forces thought him dead and fled. This defeat was fatal for the uprising. Numerous Kuruc leaders transferred their allegiance to the Emperor, hoping for clemency. Rákóczi's forces became restricted to the area around Munkács and Szabolcs County.
February 1711: Not trusting the word of János Pálffy, who was the Emperor's envoy charged with negotiations with the rebels, the Prince left the Kingdom of Hungary for Poland.
A series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe from the 16th to the 18th century.
10.1.Great Northern War
Was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
10.1.1.Phase 1: Swedish Dominance
Was the first phase of the Great Northern War, characterized by Swedish victories.
10.1.1.1.War against Augustus II
Was a military campaign initiated by Sweden during the Great Northern war. The goal of the campaign was the overthrow of Augustus II the Strong, who was at the same the Elector fo Saxony and the King of Poland-Lithuania.
September 1706: In the summer of 1706, Charles XII of Sweden with his troops from eastern Poland, on August via Silesia into the Electorate of Saxony. The Swedes conquered the electorate step by step and crushed all resistance.
September 1706: Having pursued Augustus of Saxony in his homeland, the Swedish King forced Augustus to sign the Altranstadt Peace Treaty on 24 september 1706. The Elector of Saxony renounced the Polish crown "forever" and dissolved the alliance with Russia.
The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip of Anjou and Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters. It was a global war, with fighting taking place in Europe, Asia, and America. At the end of the war, Philip II, who was the successor chosen by Charles II as a descendant of Charles' paternal half-sister Maria Theresa, became King of Spain and of its overseas empire. The Spanish possessions in Europe were partitioned between various European Monarchies.
11.1.Treaty of Rastatt
Was a peace treaty between France and Austria that was concluded on 7 March 1714 in the Baden city of Rastatt to end the War of the Spanish Succession between both countries.
March 1714: At the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, Austria was awarded the Spanish territories in Italy, including Naples, Milan, Sardinia, as well as the Southern Netherlands.
Was a war between the Habsburg Domains and the Ottoman Empire.
12.1.Treaty of Passarowitz
Was the treaty that ended the Austro-Turkish War (1716-1718).
July 1718: The Ottoman Empire lost the Banat to Prince Eugene of Savoy and the Habsburg Monarchy in 1718. This marked a significant victory for the Habsburgs in their ongoing conflict with the Ottomans over control of territories in Eastern Europe.
July 1718: Southeastern Syrmia, central part of present-day Serbia (from Belgrade to south of Kruševac), was taken by the Austrians.
July 1718: Northern Bosnia conquered by austria.
July 1718: Part of Wallachia (an autonomous Ottoman vassal) known as the Lesser Wallachia (Oltenia) was also ceded to the Habsburg Monarchy.
Was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland.
13.1.French Invasion of northern Italy
Was the French invasion of northern Italy during the War of the Polish Succession.
October 1733: The French and Savoyard troops, led by Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy, invaded the territory of Pavia in 1733. The military occupation by France lasted until the end of the War of the Polish Succession in 1738.
November 1733: By November 3 1733, the city of Milan surrendered to the French, although the Austrian governor, Count Wirich Philipp von Daun, still held the fortress.
June 1734: The Battle of Colorno was a battle fought between May 25 and June 5 1734, between Franco-Sardinian and Austrian (Habsburg) troops.
September 1734: Following their defeat at Guastalla at the hands of the French, which resulted in heavy casualties, the Austrians retreated to the Oglio River. They maintained this position for the remainder of the year.
January 1735: The French army entered winter quarters in December 1734, leaving the North Bank of the Po River.
September 1735: The Austrian main army withdrew through Mantua, leaving the region to the French.
13.2.Treaty of Vienna (1738)
Was the treaty that ended the War of the Polish Succession. Augustus III was officially confirmed as King of Poland.
November 1738: Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia received territories in the western part of the Duchy of Milan west of the Ticino, including Novara and Tortona.
November 1738: In 1738, Charles of Parma, also known as Charles III, ceded control of Parma to the Austrian Empire. This decision was made as part of the Treaty of Vienna, which aimed to reorganize the territories of Italy following the War of the Polish Succession.
November 1738: After the Treaty of Vienna in 1738, which concluded the War of the Polish Succession, the French evacuated the territories they had occupied.
Were a series of wars between the Habsburg Domains and Prussia for the control of Silesia. The war started during the War of the Austrian Succession, when Frederick the Great of Prussia invaded Habsburg-held Silesia.
14.1.First Silesian War
Was the first of three wars between Austria and Prussia for the control of Silesia. It was part of the War of the Austrian Succession. The war started when Prussia invaded Silesia. The possession of the region by Prussia was aknowledged by Austria at the end of the war.
14.1.1.Silesian Theatre (First War)
Was the Silesian theatre of the First Silesian War.
January 1741: The Prussians swept through the province, taking control of the capital at Breslau without a fight.
January 1741: The fortress at Ohlau was taken without resistance by Prussian forces.
January 1741: By the end of January 1741, almost the entirety of Silesia had come under Prussian control, and the remaining Austrian strongholds of Glogau, Brieg and Neisse were besieged.
March 1741: Prince Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau took Glogau by storm.
May 1741: Brieg (today Brzeg) surrendered to the Prussians on 4 May.
November 1741: On 9 October Austria and Prussia agreed to a secret armistice known as the Convention of Klein Schnellendorf, under which both belligerents would cease hostilities in Silesia, and Austria would eventually concede Lower Silesia in return for a final peace to be negotiated before the end of the year. Neipperg's Austrian forces were then recalled from Silesia to defend Austria against the western invaders, abandoning Neisse after a sham siege in early November and leaving the whole of Silesia under Prussian control.
14.1.2.Bohemian Theatre (First Silesian WarWar)
Was the Bohemian theatre of the First Silesian War.
January 1742: Prince Leopold's army besieged the fortress at Glatz on the edge of Bohemia.
April 1742: Frederick took Kłodzko.
Was a European conflict caused by the succession to the Habsburg Domains. Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI, and the opposition to female inheritance of the throne was a pretext for starting a war. It was a global conflict that saw fight in Europe, Asia, America and Africa.
15.1.Treaty of Worms
On 13 September, Great Britain, Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia agreed the Treaty of Worms, aimed at the expulsion of Spain from Italy. In return for Sardinian support in Lombardy, the Austrians ceded all their territories west of the Ticino River and Lake Maggiore, along with lands south of the Po River.
September 1743: On 13 September, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Maria Theresa and Britain agreed the Treaty of Worms, aimed at the expulsion of Spain from Italy. In return for Sardinian support in Lombardy, the Austrians ceded all their territories west of the Ticino River and Lake Maggiore, along with lands south of the Po River.
Was a revolt of Polish nobles that revolted against Russian influence to protect the independence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The revolt was put down and shortly after the First Partition of Poland took place.
16.1.First Partition of Poland
Was the first of the three partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time the country was occupied by Russia. The first partition saw Polish-Lithuanian territories taken by Austria, Russia and Prussia.
August 1772: The Treaty of Lubowla was signed in 1412 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland. The annexation of 13 Hungarian towns by Austria in 1769 was a violation of this treaty, leading to tensions between the two powers.
August 1772: On 19 February 1772, the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna. A previous agreement between Prussia and Russia had been made in Saint Petersburg on 6 February 1772. Early in August Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops simultaneously entered the Commonwealth and occupied the provinces agreed upon among themselves. On 5 August, the three parties signed the treaty on their respective territorial gains on the Commonwealth's expense.
January 1773: With the First Partition of Poland, Zator fell to the Habsburg Empire.
16.2.Third Partition of Poland
Was the third an final partition of Poland-Lithuania whose immediate reason was the Kościuszko Uprising against Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian remaining territories were partitioned between the Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Russia. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist.
Was a war between the Habsbaug Domains and the Ottoman Empire.
August 1788: In July 1788, the Ottomans, led by Grand Vizier Cenaze Hasan Pasha, crossed the Danube and invaded the Austrian Banat, leading to a military occupation of the border regions. This event was part of the Austro-Turkish War of 1788-1791.
September 1788: In 1788, the balance of power shifted towards Austria as the Turks were expelled from parts of Croatia, the Banat, and Bosnia.
17.1.Treaty of Sistova
Was the treaty that ended the Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791). The Habsburgs gained some borderlands in Croatia.
August 1791: Austrian withdrawal from a large territory in the Balkans with the Treaty of Sistova (1792). The territory was regained by the Ottomans.
August 1791: In the final negotiated outcome of the Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791), established in the Treaty of Sistova of 4 August 1791, Austria's gains were "meagre": Austria returned all the territory from its conquests save the small town of Orsova and a strip of Croatian land near the Bosnian-Croatian border (e.g. Drežnik Grad, Cetin Castle, Donji Lapac, Srb).
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
August 1804: The Principality of Transylvania was founded on August 11, 1804 as a hereditary monarchy by Archduke Franz of Austria, who, as Franz II, was the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The territory went to the Austrian Empire (Territories outside HRE).
18.1.War of the First Coalition
Were a series of wars between the Kingdom of France (later the French Republic) and several European Monarchies. The French Revolution had deteriorated the relations of France with the other European countries, that tried several times to invade France in order to crash the revolutionary government.
October 1797: Following the Treaty of Campo Formio, where Napoleon Bonaparte decreed the final dissolution of the Venetian Republic, Preveza - like other Venetian possessions in Greece and Albania - was ceded to Revolutionary France.
18.1.1.Italian theatre (War of the first coalition)
Was the Italian theatre of the War of the First Coalition.
May 1796: French forces occupy Lodi and Milan.
18.1.2.Treaty of Campo Formio
Was a treaty between France and Austria that ended the War of the First Coalition.
October 1797: The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI). The treaty transferred the Austrian Netherlands to France. The territories of Venice were partitioned, most were acquired by Austria. Austria recognized the Cisalpine Republic and the newly created Ligurian Republic. Extension of the borders of France up to the Rhine, the Nette, and the Roer.
January 1385: The da Carrara of padua took control of Treviso.
January 1412: In 1411, Friuli was the site of a conflict between the imperial army, led by Emperor Sigismund, and the Venetian army. The city of Udine, aligned with Venice, was taken by the emperor's forces in December 1411, resulting in the territory falling under the control of the Habsburg Domains.
July 1419: The Venetian troops, led by the condottiero Niccolò Piccinino, gradually pushed back the imperial forces of the Holy Roman Empire. On July 13, 1419, the Venetians successfully occupied Cividale, a strategic town in the region of Friuli, solidifying their control over the territory.
June 1420: Udine fell to Venetian forces.
August 1420: In 1420, a peace treaty between the Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire solidified the de facto control over the territory.
January 1438: When Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg died in 1437, the Bohemian estates elected Albert of Austria as his successor.
January 1458: After Ladislaus the Posthumous, who was both King of Bohemia and Duke of Austria, died of leukemia in 1457, the Bohemian estates elected George of Poděbrady as king of Bohemia.
January 1458: The western Duchy of Auschwitz was sold to the Polish king in 1457.
January 1501: In 1500, the Reichsgrafschaft Goerz territory became extinct and was transferred to the Habsburg Domains.
January 1515: In 1514, Bartolomeo d'Alviano definitively brought Pordenone back under the control of the Venice.
November 1526: Battle of Mohacs.
November 1526: On 29 August 1526, at the Battle of Mohács, the Christian forces led by Louis II of Hungary were defeated by Ottoman forces led by Suleiman. The Ottoman victory led to the partition of Hungary for several centuries between the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Principality of Transylvania.
December 1526: In 1526 Vladislav's son, King Louis, was decisively defeated by the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Mohács and subsequently died. As a result, the Turks conquered part of the Kingdom of Hungary, and the rest (mainly present-day Slovakia territory) came under Habsburg rule under the terms of King Louis' marriage contract.
January 1571: In 1570, John II of Hungary signed the Treaty of Speyer with Maximilian of Habsburg. John II renounced his claim as king of Hungary in favor of Maximilian, thus ending the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.
January 1573: Conquests in Hungary by the Habsburgs in 1572.
January 1623: In 1622 Oderberg (today Bohumín) was confiscated by Emperor Rudolf II and fell under Austrian sovereignty.
November 1682: Oath of allegiance of Imre Thököly to the sultan.
January 1684: In 1683, during the Great Turkish War, the Ottoman Empire laid siege to Vienna. The city was successfully defended by the Holy Roman Empire led by King John III Sobieski of Poland. This victory marked a turning point in the Ottoman-Habsburg wars and led to the liberation of Hungary from Ottoman rule.
January 1684: Following the Battle of Vienna in the same year, the area was ceded to the Principality of Transylvania.
December 1686: In 1686, Frederick William turned toward the Habsburg emperor, with whom he concluded an alliance on 22 December 1686. For this alliance, Frederick William relinquished rights on Silesia in favor of the Habsburgs, and in turn received the Silesian County of Schwiebus which bordered the Neumark.
January 1708: The slow decline of Mantua began, accompanied by the decline of the lordship of the Gonzagas who, in 1707, left the city in Austrian hands.
April 1711: After the unsettled period of Rákóczi's War of Independence, the Principality of Transylvania was subordinated within the Habsburg Monarchy.
January 1739: Austria conquers Guastalla.
January 1769: Austria conquers the Barony of Retegno-Bettola.
January 1776: In 1775 Moldavia lost to the Habsburg Empire its northwestern part, which became known as Bukovina.
January 1777: Austria conquers Rolo.
Disestablishment
August 1804: The Principality of Transylvania was founded on August 11, 1804 as a hereditary monarchy by Archduke Franz of Austria, who, as Franz II, was the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The territory went to the Austrian Empire (Territories outside HRE).
Selected Sources
Articles secrets et convention additionelle du traité de Campo Formio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2024 on https://books.google.de/books?id=SStJAAAAcAAJ&dq=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=Trait%C3%A9%20de%20paix%20de%20Campo%20Formio&f=false
Bradford, J.C. (2004): International Encyclopedia of Military History, Routledge, p. 554
Delta del Po - Storia, retrieved November, 11th, 2020 on https://web.archive.org/web/20140505001813/http://www.atuttascuola.it/contributi/scienze/delta_del_po6.htm
Dreißigjähriger Krieg. Austria Forum. Retrieved on 30 march 2024 on https://austria-forum.org/af/AustriaWiki/Drei%C3%9Figj%C3%A4hriger_Krieg
Droysen, G. (1886): Historischer Handatlas, Bielefeld and Leipzig (Germany), p. 48
Frieden von Campoformio. Retrieved on March, 24th 2014 on https://books.google.de/books?id=UbGMtENHaBIC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false
Giorgiutti, M. Le incursioni turche in Friuli nel secolo XV. RegioneStoria. Retrieved on 30 March 2024 on https://www.regionestoriafvg.eu/tematiche/tema/474/Le-incursioni-turche-in-Friuli-nel-secolo-XV
Poten, B. (1879): Handwörterbuch der gesamten Militärwissenschaften, Velhagen & Klasing, p. 197
Preti, V. (1997) Martin Mistère e i segreti del Po (CD-ROM), Leonardo Studio, Italy, animation of the evolution of Po delta
Schmidt, G. (2006): Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Munich (Germany), p. 65
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, p.168
Tucker, S.C. (2011) Battles that changed History - An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, pp.215-216
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Habsburg Domains (Territories outside Confederation)
